Obstruction of the larynx and trachea. Endoscopic methods. Methods of follow-up of the larynx Methods of endoscopic follow-up


Endoscopy of the throat and larynx (laryngoscopy) allows you to evaluate the state of the mucus and vocal cords and take tissue samples for follow-up. To carry out obstezhennya for the help of a special accessory - an endoscope equipped with light-fiber optics. Modern devices display images on the monitor. Laryngoscopy does not require preparation, it is painless and takes no more than 15 minutes.

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Depending on whether the throat opening (upper, middle or lower) will be covered, the appropriate method of follow-up is selected:

  • posterior rhinoscopy,
  • pharyngoscopy,
  • direct and indirect laryngoscopy.

Shown qi vidi doslіdzhen with advancing camps:

  • pain in the ears and throat of an indistinct gait;
  • hoarseness or voicelessness;
  • presence in sputum with cough blood;
  • injuries of the larynx;
  • suspicion of obstruction;
  • discomfort during forging;
  • felt in the throat of a foreign body.

Healthy slime is to blame for clean, erysipelas color and no visual signs of inflammation. If the doctor respects the change, then you can talk about pathology.

Contraindication

Endoscopy is not performed in case of epilepsy, heart pathologies, STENOTIC DIHANIS, traumas cervical fiddler ridge, allergies to faces, which zastosovuyutsya during the procedure. Also, contraindications are vaginess.

benefits of endoscopy

Endoscopic examination is an even more informative method of diagnostics, which allows to reveal a lot of unsafe disease at an early stage. For the help of the endoscope, you can also take suspected fabrics for wedding, see third party bodies and different new creations.

This procedure reveals the cause of respiratory distress and loss of voice. Vaughn gives notice and about the steps of the mucus membranes. Zavdyaki їy likar may be able to control the progress of litigation and change the recognition at the same time.

How to perform an endoscopy

Before carrying out the follow-up, the doctor discusses with the patient, in order to recognize the necessary information about his health and reconsider the indication of contraindications. They gave the pharynx to be treated with preparations, as if to change the mucus, to carry out the mistseve of the disease (sound with lidocaine) and bury it in the nasus of the vessel-sounding drops.

Then, through the nis, a flexible laryngoscope is inserted into the larynx, which allows you to move the throat and vocal cords. The doctor looks at the nasopharynx and enters the revealed data into the protocol. Zhorst prilad zastosovuetsya only under general anesthesia under the hour of surgical operation.

Also, indirect laryngoscopy is sometimes used, for which mirrors are used. It should be injected deeply into the throat, the area should be visible in the light of the mirror-reflector on the doctor's head. However, this method is less informative, lower laryngoscopy.

delivery time

At the clinic "Medline-Service" you can undergo laryngoscopy at an affordable price. Our informed doctors are respectfully assigned to patients and competently carry out diagnostics. Appointments can be made through the website or by phone.

Today, tens of thousands of people live in the medical center, yakі skarzhatsya problems with the throat or larynx. Patients experience singing discomfort or suffer from partial tonsillitis. The reasons for the malignancy can be different, often ENT doctors for making or clarifying the diagnosis are given signs of ultrasound of the throat and larynx. What does the follow-up show? How is the procedure carried out?

Direction for ultrasound

Irrespective of those that ultrasound is considered one of the shorter methods diagnostics, otolaryngologists do not care about the procedure for scanning ENT organs. Blame the law of nutrition, and why should ultrasound of the throat and larynx be checked? Zvichayno, shy, even if he found a safe method of roasting. The axis is only for doctors to be able to see the direction of the scan of the shiї or the thyroid gland. But, no matter what the result is, it gives you the opportunity to fix the problem and start fighting it. diagnostic center Bagatorazovo protyag days spend skanuvannya shiї, and in fact, ultrasound of the throat and larynx. What shows how much the procedure is required. So don’t be surprised when you read directly the confession to the obstruction of the thyroid gland.

Indications for ultrasound of ENT organs

The need for ultrasonic scanning is clear, as a patient comes with advanced scars:

  • hardening in the throat area;
  • fast;
  • swellings of an oncological nature in the area of ​​the neck, which are injected into the camp of the throat or larynx;
  • seeing pus, an important smell in case of diarrhea;
  • severe pain due to temperature rise;
  • ignition processes in acute or chronic forms;
  • change the timbre of the voice;
  • trival dry cough.

Carrying out ultrasonic diagnostics helps to clarify the doubt and confirm or to make a diagnosis.

What can show the ultrasound

The otolaryngologist prescribes obstezhennia shiї, and not ultrasound of the throat and larynx, which shows the state of all structures of the problem area, and not only the ENT organs. Under the hour of the diagnostics, the following indications are assessed:

  • internal surface and structure of the lower throat openings and larynx, with a description of whether there are any indentations or a new creation;
  • the value of enlightenment and yoga equality;
  • the mill of the walls of the remaining organs, the presence of knots or fluff;
  • open spaces around the throat and larynx;
  • camp of the cervical lymph nodes;
  • confirmation of a new creation in the throat, approximately of their nature (cyst, adenoma, cancer, abscess);
  • manifestation of ignition processes.

Given an ultrasound of the throat and larynx, it is possible to add information, I will take a look around for an hour. The doctor can recognize or scorch recognition, as well as make decisions about the recognition of new findings, such as a biopsy.

How to go through the procedure

Obstezhennya shiї vіdbuvaєtsya for the song algorithm. There is nothing terrible or sickly about him. The patient is guilty of changing the type of scarves, comir_v and embellishment. Then lie down on the couch, after which the doctor will put the gel on the skin. The sonologist repairs the transducer on the screen, watching for the images on the screen. Behind the results of the obstezhennya, there is a special protocol, in which all indications are described and deciphered. The procedure does not take a lot of hours, in the middle її trivality does not exceed 20 minutes.

What did you give?

As a result of obstezhennya on the hands of the patient turns to the doctor. Vіvchaє the protocol of obstezhennja and prescribe therapy. If hypoechoic nodules are revealed, then diagnostics is guilty but continued.

Patients should not fall into a panic after reading the word "hypoechoic illumination" in the protocol. This is not a diagnosis, but a description of the strength of the structure. In each area, the structure of the tissue is smaller, lower, and the ultrasonic pulse collapses more. So, the doctor will happen to reveal that the pathology is the norm for this litter. Sometimes the results are simply inaccurate when performing ultrasound of the throat and larynx, which shows not the presence of serious health problems, but the low qualification of the sonologist (specialist who performed the ultrasound).

One more clarification. Structures with a low thickness may appear cystic. Tse empty s thin walls, The fabric of some guesses the mucous membrane. In the middle of the empty place there is a homeland. However, the term "cyst" should not be written in the ultrasound protocol. For the establishment of such a diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a biopsy. The procedure can be performed with a special needle or other medical devices.

How to get ready for ultrasound

Ultrasound of the throat and larynx is difficult to work. With confessions in hand, it is necessary to sign up for scanning. Dotrimuvatisya diet or special dietary regimen is not necessary. Golovne - do not call for confession to the vicons, so as not to waste an hour.

Basic security

Practice shows that people after 60 years have a significant increase in the risk of manifestation. For statistics, wines take 11 months in the causes of human mortality. Women are also not allowed to relax, for them there is a reason to stand on the 19th month. Oncology of the throat and larynx is most often associated with superficialities and evils. People don't want a little bit that alcohol and tyutyun are more drunk. In addition, a strong influx of hope for a robot in shkіdlivy minds, to which one can interact with asbestos, acids or nickel.

In case of increased somlyuvancy, change in voice timbre, backache and uninterrupted dry cough, it is necessary to make a better diagnosis of the throat and larynx. The manifestation of oncology at the early stages allows, at least, to prolong the life of the patient for 5-7 years.

Is it necessary to have an ultrasound of the throat and larynx, de robiti її? Diagnosis is carried out in municipal and private clinics.

Necessary intellectual for visualization of the clinical picture, evaluation of the therapeutic injection, the dynamics of the pathological process and early and modern diagnosis.

Wide breadth in otolaryngology for the light technique of vikonannya, atraumatic, high information content was taken away by ultrasound research. In connection with the high width of the disease of the oropharynx, nutrition will be relevant, which shows the ultrasound of the throat and larynx, where to pass the obstezhennia, if prescribed?

For identification of pathology, prompting judicious tactics, the doctor conducts a physical examination, taking an anamnesis, analysis of the patient's subjective findings. In a series of clinical manifestations with an unknown genesis of illness, ultrasound scanning of the cervical vertebrae is prescribed.

What to do with ultrasound of the throat and larynx? Naturally, however, this term will not be correct, it is correct to say “UZD shi”, de in the course of further evaluation of the camp of the laryngeal-pharyngeal complex, adjacent structures.

The essence of the technique lies in the transfer of the ultrasonic sensor over the surface skinny curves As a result, sound impulses reach the tissues and organs, vibrating through them, projecting on the screen an image about their camp, width, parameters.

Indications before the procedureє patient's scars for pathological signs:

  • bіl, discomfort i;
  • notice the aspiration of a third-party substance;
  • recurrent;
  • mucus vision with blood streaks, exudate houses, sputum with a stinking smell;
  • quicker and more difficult breathing.

It is recommended to perform ultrasound at visualization of adjunctive lesions on the cervical vein, increased and sickness of lymph nodes, hyperemia and swelling of tissue structures. The presence in the anamnesis of chronic inflammatory processes of the laryngeal-pharyngeal complex, previously transferred oncology of the cervical joint, abscesses, brushes, led to the conduct of ultrasound scanning for the indications of the doctor.

For help Ultrasound is important diagnose such pathologies and become:

  • polypoznі osvіti larynx,;
  • evil and good newborn;
  • place of localization of secondary cavities for the growth of cancerous puffs;
  • oncology of lymphatic tissue (lymphoma, lymphogranulomatosis);
  • dysfunction of the endocrine organ;
  • purulent abscess;
  • anatomical changes in the trachea, stravokhod.

For proof! Ultrasound is considered to be non-invasive non-invasive methods of follow-up, which is allowed until the first days of life for children, women on all terms of gestation.

How to reverse the laryngeal-pharyngeal apparatus

Ultrasound follow-up does not depend on advance preparation, which is expected, as planned, as well as in emergency clinical situations.

Technique wake-up algorithm:

  1. Before that, as if to twist the throat, the patient secures access to the cervical collar, wears clothes, decorate.
  2. Take a horizontal position.
  3. After finishing the work, we will cover the plate with a special transparent gel, which will help the penetration between the sensor and the skin curves.
  4. The forging path of the ultrasonic sensor on the monitor shows the mill internal organs and fabrics of more-less intensive zabarvlennya. The severity of the procedure varies between 15-20 minutes.
  5. The data of follow-up are recorded, seen in the hands of patients.

Diagnostic approach cannot be contra-indicated until the procedure, for a little more than an open wound site. These ultrasound scans can be transferred until the regeneration of tissues.

What does an ultrasound scan of the neck vein show?

  • rozmіr, acoustic soundness of organs;
  • specifics of regional lymphatic nodes;
  • mill of navkolishny klitkoviny
  • localization of the ignition process;
  • supplementary education;
  • change of rozmіrіv vines;
  • a place for rotting third-party substances.

Particular respect is given to hypoechoic women, as they describe the structure with a smaller gap in proportion to the parameters of healthy organs. On the screen, the stench is visualized in darkened, practically black zones (hyperechoic zones are light, white).

Their appearance is often associated with the growth of evil wolves. Difficulty for diagnosis due to asymptomatic progression of the early stage of the disease, so patients may not be aware of the development of a cancerous process. Ultrasonic obstruction of the throat and larynx does not provide reliable information about the progression of a puffy-like solution, but allows it to be diagnosed at an early stage.

For proof! Timely diagnosis of oncology of the throat (larynx) improves the success rate, allows you to live 5 years or more in 75-90% of clinical cases.

Ultrasound scanning data are examined by high profile physicians (otolaryngologist, endocrinologist, oncologist). A number of clinical manifestations require differential visualization of the pathological process with histological follow-up of biopsies.

De robiti i skіlki koshtuє?

Diagnosis of the laryngeal-pharyngeal complex is carried out in municipal medical institutions, private clinics. Place of conduction (place), price and prestige of the clinic form the price range. The average price of the procedure is 500 rubles.

Please! Perevagu is better in the light of the establishments of the current possessions, qualifications of fahivtsy, as a systematic advancement of the qualifications. When choosing a clinic, you can be curt with the care of the patients, the joy of the doctor.

visnovok

Ultrasound examination of the larynx and pharynx allows not only to determine the genesis of the pathology, but also to design a therapeutic scheme, to show the effectiveness of the chosen therapeutic tactics. The advantage of ultrasound is informative, safe, atraumatic in order at an affordable price, it is a daily contraindication before the procedure.

When preparing and conducting an examination of the pharynx and larynx, the obov'yazkovymi є dotrimannya principles, assigned to the cob of this division. When you look around, respect is given to the camp of the furrows and the configuration of the neck. After that, the regional lymph nodes are palpated: subsphenoid, retromandibular, globoshy, posterior shin, prelaryngeal, pretracheal, rosacea in the supraclavicular and subclavian fossae (Fig. 3.3 a, b). Palpation of the subschelepny lymphatic nodes is carried out bimanually, with which the head of the ailing person is guilty, but it is poorly healed forward. The hands of the fingers should be straightened from the middle to the edge of the lower fissure, and during palpation of the lymph nodes in the retromandibular fossae - perpendicularly to the lateral foras of the lower fissure. Deep cervical lymph nodes are palpated on one side of the cob, then on the other side. On palpation on the right, put the right hand on the tattered tim'ya, and turn the left hand in front of the front edge of the sterno- nipple-like meat to the beast down and in a horizontal straight line. On palpation, lay the left hand on the patient, and with the right hand - bend the mat.

The posterior cervical lymph nodes are palpated with the tips of the fingers of both hands in the direction of the two sides of the back along the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid bone and to the ridge in vertical and horizontal lines. Lymph nodes in the supraclavicular and subclavian fossae are palpated on one side, then on the other side.

Then we will carry out palpation of the larynx, її cartilage (cricoid and thyroid), signify the crackling of the cartilage of the larynx for additional displacement of її to the side. Normally, the larynx is painless, passively moving to the right and to the left.

Look around the pharynx for an additional spatula, to look at the upper pharynx of the pharynx, vicorist, moreover, a special nasopharyngeal mirror. More informative is a look at the nasopharynx for the help of a rigid endoscope or a fiberscope.

Looking around the larynx is done in two ways: 1) behind the help of a laryngeal speculum inserted into the oropharynx, not sticking out of the back wall - indirect, or mirror laryngoscopy; 2) by way of insertion into the throat part of the pharynx or by winding a straight tube at the entrance to the larynx, a special spatula or a special optical endoscope and a direct look around for additional instruments - direct laryngoscopy. It’s also possible to do the vikonat for the help of a fiberscope.

3.2.1. Oro- and mesopharyngoscopy

The Danish method is available for selection by doctors of various specialties. Carrying out follow-up can be done not only in a special possession of an oglyad, but also in a sick person, and also in the minds of the home. The evidence is the presence of scars on the side of the organs of the head and neck, as well as the presence of global symptoms, for example, an intoxication syndrome.

An inspection of the empty mouth and throat should be carried out in this order. Take the spatula in the left hand so that the first finger is lifted from the bottom, and the II and III (possibly and IV) fingers are upwards (Fig. 3.4). Put your right hand on the tattered tim'ya and ask him to open his mouth. let's win oroscopy - look around the empty company. Visvіtlyuyuchi doslіdzhuvanu area on the forehead illuminating or Simanovskiy's reflector and pulling the trowel out of the company, look around the front of the empty company. Give respect to the camp of the mucous membrane, teeth, clear, hard palate, mov and visible ducts of the external sinus ridges, which are located on the buccal surface on the line of the upper premolar. Vivid ducts of sublingual and sublingual sloughs are rotting on the days of an empty mouth. To look at them, to ask for a stitched-up tongue, or to lift it with a spatula.

Let's take a look at the oral part of the pharynx - Mesopharyngoscopy . Trimming the spatula in the left hand, press down on the front 2/3 of the mov to the bottom, without sticking out of the root. The spatula is inserted through the right side of the mouth, the tongue is pressed NOT with the flat of the spatula, but with the other end (Fig. 3.5). Rukhlivosti m'yakogo pіdnebіnnya signified by asking the ailing to move the drawling sound "a-a ...". In the norm, the soft palate is kindly fluffy, the mucous membrane of the uvula, the anterior and posterior pectoral arches are smooth, the erysipelas, the arches are contoured.

For the purpose of rozmiru podnebіnnyh migdalina vіdstan between the middle of the pіdnebіnnoї migdalina i linієyu, scho to pass through the middle of the movie and m'yakogo nіdnebіnnya, dividing the thoughts into three parts. If the tonsil is to stand through the arches up to 1/3 of the chin, it is ascertaining hypertrophy of the I stage, up to 2/3 - stage II, more than 2/3 - stage III (Fig. 3.6 a, b). The mucosa, which covers the tonsil, is in the norm of the erysipelas, vologa, the surface is smooth. In order to determine the presence and character of the tonsillary lacunae, take two spatulas - in the right and left hands. With one spatula they push the language down, with the other they gently press on the support of the anterior arch and through it on the tonsil in the region of the upper pole. When looking at the right eyelid, the tongue is pressed with a spatula, which is in right hand, Left eyelid - in the left hand. In the norm, lacunae are miserable, negligent, and epithelial plugs look or appear daily (Fig. 3.7.). Squeezing the language, look at the back wall of the throat. Normally, the mucosal membrane of the erysipelas and vologda is covered; on the surface, rare granules are visible - accumulation of lymphoid tissue with a size of approximately 1 × 2 mm. Give respect to the manifestation of the lateral lymphoid pharyngeal folds.

Evaluation of information taken from an hour to look at the empty mouth and pharynx, which means a great clinical evidence due to the diversity of pathological changes in the pharynx. Quite often, for the assessment of the clinical situation, the fate of various facilitators is necessary: ​​an otolaryngologist, a cleft-facial surgeon, an internist, a hematologist, an infectious disease specialist.

Indications and contraindications before endoscopy of the throat

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Contraindication

Follow-up should be carried out, as the patient suffers from:

    Pain symptoms of unknown etiology, which are localized in the throat and in the ears;

    Seeing in the throat of a foreign body;

    Appear in the sputum, coughing up blood;

    Unacceptable observations during forging.

Diagnosis of obov'yazkovaya for patients, as diagnosed:

    Obstruction of the respiratory tract;

    Inflammation of the larynx - laryngitis;

    Dysphonia.

Krim tsgogo, її carrying out is indicated for the transfer of injuries of the throat.

Endoscopy of the throat and larynx is not carried out in the following pathological conditions:

    epilepsy;

    Illness of the heart-vascular system;

    Gostrі fuse processes of the larynx;

    ignition processes empty nose.

The procedure is not carried out in case of traumatic injuries of the cervical spine of the spinal column, as well as in women during pregnancy.

Preparation for endoscopy of the throat and larynx

Endoscopy of the larynx and throat does not depend on the patient's specific training. Yomu dosit utrimatisya vіd spozhivannja їzhі і drive protyazh three years - її years before її spent, in order to lead to a minimum vomit positive. In times, as the patient has dentures of a variable type, they will have to be removed.

Throat and larynx endoscopy

The patient should be advised to take a seated position or lying down and carry out the treatment of the mucous membranes. An anesthetic gel is also applied to the tip of the endoscope so that the procedure does not reveal any unacceptable findings.

After the anesthesia has subsided, the doctor begins to insert the endoscope, watching for the images, as they appear on the screen. Zavdyaki yogo zbіlshennya in rich times, vіn may be able to respectfully look at all the anatomical structures of the throat and show if it is damaged.

In times, even if it is indicated, the procedure can be accompanied by a parkan of damaged tissues for carrying out a cystological or histological follow-up. They can also carry out the simplest surgical manipulations, directing to the removal of a polyp or a bleeding spot.

Throat and larynx endoscopy for children

The efficiency of endoscopy of the throat and larynx in small patients depends on how easy it is to stink. In order for the procedure to take at least an hour and be as accurate as possible, it is necessary for the fathers to prepare the child before it is carried out, explaining why it is needed.

The diagnostics of the “Doctor Poruch” clinic also tell children how to carry out follow-up and what time of the day it is necessary to be calm and not to overwhelm the doctor, so as to bury the unacceptable heritage.


What does endoscopy of the throat and larynx show?

This method of diagnostics allows revealing and confirming a number of pathological states of the throat and larynx, and itself:

  • Newly created good or evil nature;
  • laryngitis;
  • Festering processes - abscesses;
  • Vrodzhenikh and naboutih zahvoryuvan vocal zv'yazyok.

Zavdyaki can reveal the opis of different nature and evaluate the stages of injury, as well as reveal foreign bodies that have been consumed in the larynx for an hour of respite or carelessness.

Progress of endoscopy of the throat and larynx at the clinic "Doctor Poruch"

Clinics of the “Doctor Poruch” metropolitan area are located near all the great districts of the capital, which allows our patients to get to them easily and quickly. We don’t have a cherg, scaling appointments are carried out after an earlier appointment at the hour for the patient.

We practice diagnostics, so it is easy to know the identity of the smallest patients. Leading children to us, You don't have to worry about those who will hurt you, even if it's a very effective anesthetic drug.