The history of the production of pipes. History of pipelines: from Mendeleev to SSTO

The Trubna station has been installed between the stations of the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovsky line “Strytensky Boulevard” and “Dostoevska”, on the intersection of the Boulevard Kiltsya and Kolorovoy Boulevard, at the Trubnaya Square.

History of the station

The station "Trubna" was wanted to be in the distant 1931. Last year, in 1934, 1957, 1965 and in the 70s, the station was planned to be on the very young days and lines. She was guilty of going to the warehouse of Krasnopresnensky-Rogozhsky diameter, Kaluzhsko-Rizka and Zhdanivske-Timiryazevska lines, etc. As a result, the life of the station only started in 1990, and in 1992 the growth of the station was still to blame for its work, but through the lack of funding, it was remembered more than once. We dared enough to be engaged in the station in 2005, and on the 30th of 2007 the rock "Trubna" was blasted out.

Name history

Name the collection of Panirovani's station by area, before being roztashovan, or else I will name it to "Trubna".

description of the station

The head architect of the station, Volodymyr Filipov, was planning to build the station of the Carrara marmur of the same tones, and only they brought only the gray marmur. As a result, the station trimmed the male trim with inserts of dark green color. The floor of the vikonaniy station is made of light gray and black stone. The illumination is carried out behind the additional lightning: the whole hall hangs with light, the portals are orange. Dodatkovye illumination gives boulevard lіkhtarі, viconani in modern style. Svitlodіdna smuga along the edge of the platforms trampled passengers from the overworld approach to the gateways.

The decorative embellishment of the station is to serve in the windows and panels of the robot by Zurab Tseriteli, on some images of the ancient city of the country SND. Vіtrazі razmіshchenі mіzh columns, above the aisles of the central hall there is a panel.

Technical characteristics

"Trubna" is a three-vaulted column-stinova station, which is covered with a bore of 60 meters. To make the structure stronger, lie on a monolithic concrete slab, leather passages through the columns, replace them with a plain.

Dilyanka "Strytensky Boulevard" - "Trubna" has one special feature - shortening by 100 meters in radius of curve. It is very important to introduce the route to the architectural monument “Rizdvyaniy zhinochiy monastir”.

Lobby and transfer

"Trubna" can transfer to the station of Serpukhovsko-Timiryazovskoy line "Koloroviy Boulevard". The transition is located in the private end of the station. Through the pivdenny end, the passengers enter the place on Trubna square.

ground infrastructure

Oskilki station is located not far from the center of Moscow, then there are all kinds of shops, shops, restaurants, and famous cities there is a great number of them. The commission from the station of the roztashovani of celebrities circus Yuriya Nikulina, the Moscow theater of modern life, the State Literary Museum, a number of galleries and Orthodox churches.

After that, the yak "Trubna" was seen, the passengers were not honored with baggage in the streets of the station. On the right, in that, on all the windows there are images of temples, ale ni on one image, there are no crossings. Passengers confirmed the situation. The stench has become attached to the baths of the cathedrals in their own natural peaks. The criticality of the station is viral, but in the whole dumb there is no filthy, and there is no sign of the chrestiki. On some turns the natural range can be bumped and seasoned.

- My sister, as it were, on Great Nikitsky, in booth number 13, settled in 1901 by the great composers Tchaikovsky and Glinka, and also Bach and Beethoven. The stench, melodiously, walked one to one at a party and walked at once. Didn't it beat you?

- Velika Nikitska, 13? So the end of the awakening of the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory! Vono bulo was prompted by itself in 1901. On the walls of the hall are portraits of great composers. There їхnya music is alive, it means, і the stench! Ymovіrno, tse і small on uvazі sisіdka of our reader. Only the rocks of the life of Russian composers are as follows: 1840-1893 rr. - Petro Illich Tchaikovsky; 1804-1857 pp. - Mikhailo Ivanovich Glinka. Rocky life of Nimetsian composers: 1685-1750 rr. - Iogan Sebastian Bach; 1770-1827 pp. - Ludwig van Beethoven. And rіk 1901 - the whole of the twentieth century!

- I live on Mitny Vulytsia. Why should you call yourself that? Maybe bootie, there are people marching here, if there is no laziness?

- On Mitniy Vulytsia, go for a bouv rinok of thinness. The name of the street from the old one under Ivan the Terrible Mitny yard (the mitnytsya, through the yak in the 16th-17th centuries, they let him go to Moscow to sell a great and other horned thinness, pigs, and a bird). Here, from the dermal head, the thinness of the birds, they pulled the belongings on the cinnamon like mito - "mitiy" - and the bird was fenced off with the "mitten dance" - the seal, without any sales of creatures and birds in Moscow it was fenced off.

- I think that Trubna Square is so called to the fact that in a long time ago all Moscow spirits orchestras played on them. Surmachi surmounted in a trumpet, the axis і became Trumpet area.

- Yakikh only dumb versions about Trubna square! The i-axis of our reader has a lot of fantasy. And for the most part, everything went like this. Richka Neglinnaya in the 17th century passed through the forte wall, passing through an opening, which is called a pipe. That is why the whole art was called Truby. Zvidsi and Trubna area.

I would like to know, who is this "lyudin-orchestra"?

- An old entertainer: lyudin's orchestra! With his viglyadom vin buv similar to a liar in case of renewed recovery. On the head of the new bulo, there was a sholom, wrapped in metal rings, behind the back - a majestic drum with bubonets, behind a man beating with sticks, waving on the ends of the bags, wrapped in a shkin. Sticks boules are attached to new ones to litters. Above the drum - midi tarilki, which are driven by a special drive, fastened to the chobot. On the breasts, before pidboriddyam, - spirit harmony. Ludin smacked his foot, shook his head and lіktyami, blowing in harmony!

- I was lucky that in the old days on Solyanka, salted oats, oseledets and іnshі salty were sold. Vulytsya still call him. Right?

- Salted ogirki, oseledets and navi solyanka soup until the name of the street is not a problem. At the 17th-18th centuries on the rose-colored street of the Great Ivanivsky provinces, there was the royal Solyaniy dvir, in the comrades like a silt. Vona Bula was a sovereign monopoly. Everyone who got sick, craws' tied boules, go to the skarbnitsa. And other sellers are guilty of boules and kupuvati from the comor of Solyanoy Dvor. I sell for the established price. Tilki in 1733 rotsi bula allowed for sale in the razdrib. The street from the Salt Yard has given its name - SOLYANKA.

The radial-ring principle of planning old Russian places is the specialness of forgetting old Russian places and Moscow zokrem. Towards the center of the settlement - - expands to the place, surrounded by all new defensive walls. It was itself the cause of the blame for the bagatokh, including Trubnoy.

Pipe area: іstorіya viniknennya

"Inferno" is a different part of the complex, available only for the "priest". Vona was laid out from small rooms - "cousin" and great rooms - "devil's mlinov".

Bula and the sub-land part - a tavern "Peklo", was trying to finish up with a satisfactory publication. Here they played in a picture for pennies and life, drank a drink, took in the middle of the sent and convicts, violated food, objectionable order.

The most important theme of the political life of the place is connected with the pipe area: there is a swing at the tsar, as well as the mass death of the inhabitants of the capital, as they went to the funeral of Yosip Vissarionovich Stalin.

Monument to Trubniy

In 1994, on Trubniy Square in Moscow, the stele "Vdyachna Rossiya - to the soldiers of law and order, who got lost at the vison of the service line" was shown. Tsya podіya pidsumovuє everything is said. Ade tsya area - a crooked place in the capital, it was not only the city dwellers who were detained, but the law, as they were trying to put things in order in the very thugs' kuchka of Moscow. The authors of the stele are A. V. Kuzmin and A. A. Bichuk.

Monument to the Visconas at the viglyadі of the Roman triumphal colony, stovbur yakoi vilito from bronze. The column is erected on a granite step pedestal, adorned with bas-reliefs. On one of them Mati is depicted, mournful over the body of the bent sin.

A figure of St. George the Victory-bearer was placed on the colony, driving in a snake with a list. The symbolism of the sculpture is obvious: George the Victory-Bearer will obey the war against the Law and Order, and the serpent - the evil ones, who fight against which wines and invariably change. Slide to mean that the image grows like a canonical one - George the Conqueror of images not in the vigilance of a cynical apex, but in a viglyad there is a war, which is angered by the leg of the serpent-enemy.

The height of the colony reaches 32.5 m, which is 15.5 m lower than the famous Oleksandr Colony in St. Petersburg.

When the memorial was billed, the Memorial Watch would pass, the Moscow police officers would go and lay the honor of the memorial to the law enforcement officials.

Reminders of the Trubnaya Square

On the Rose Trubnaya Square and Neglinnaya Street, Roztashovannaya Budivlya, in which the School of Happy P'esi was being rasped. Earlier, at the center of the city, set up a boutique stall, and in the 19th century, the project of D. Chichagov was followed by a whole slew of booths, when the fashionable "Hermitage" was launched, in which the whole aristocratic elite of Moscow was founded. It is here that the cook-winemaker Lucian Oliv is referred to as his own mystery of celebrities.

The whole restaurant of dressings and names of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, having signed a contract here with the famous book-publisher Suvorin for a new friend of his creations.

And I will call the axis of the booths on the rose with the Great Holovin Provulok "Booths with the Vagit Caryatids". Newly built one of the most popular brothels in aristocratic Moscow.

Nearby, on Kolorovoy Boulevard, the famous circus of Yu. Nikulin has grown.

How can you go to Trubnaya Square? The most efficient way to oversupply is the Moscow metro: to the Trubna Ploscha station or Koloroviy Boulevard.

And it’s not a mistake not to mix it up;

Advantageous high prices and unforgettable enemies!

The eighteenth century on the occasional street was crossed by the river Neglinna, the ground was laid down. There and then the wall of the White place passed, with a deaf head, so that it didn’t boil, but it was deprived of openings, barred with golden burrs, a rychka passed through the yak. The opening was not enough for nearly five meters and was called "trumpets". Sounds and all the art around began to be called "Trumpet", then - "Trumpet Ploscha".
In the end of the 18th century, at the instruction of Katherine the Great, the life of the Mitischinsky water supply was recovered. First Certificate of Engineer General F.B. Bauer and Colonel Gerard, who was inspired by the first Moscow water supply, was introduced in 1804. Pure and juicy water, in a number of 330 thousand buckets for doba, the bullet was taken from the keys, so that it lies one verst of the village of Veliky Mitischi. There the water was taken for the help of critical key basins and carried to Moscow by self-fuel (the keys were located in the Moskvy-Riki at 32 meters) along the ceglyan gallery. In Moscow, the water was sown in the great pavilion, next to the rotunda, on Trubniy square. In the middle of the pavilion there is a pool, lined with stone, with a vertical chavunny pipe in the middle. If the water filled the pool, the surplus went into the vertical chavunnu pipe, passed through the pipes in the fountain, which was located between the Pipe Square and the Kuznetsky Bridge.
In 1851, some of them moved from the Theater Square to the merchants of quotations. All the merchants rose on the private side of the square, on the cob self-fueling boulevard From them I will give my name to Koloroviy Boulevard. Quite a few shops, which stood here, were known in 1947.
On the rose floor of Trubnoy Street and Kolorovy Boulevard, there is a three-topped booth, in which there is a wide-spreading tavern "Krim". "Krim", having occupied two upper surfaces, ale vidomii booths with its great entrance overhead: "essentially occupying one tavern, by the very soulful rozbyynytsky monsiem, having depleted the evil light". The pidval was divided into two subdivisions, called "Inferno" and "Treispodnya". “Treispodnya” does not have skin access, but here: “I’m just as robust: I’ve gotten the money stolen by the participants or the sales, I’ve been asked for fake passports, or for those who’d been crushed documents by special protestors, piyatstvo here is not allowed. " The history of the first swing at Oleksandr II is tied to "Pekl" on April 4, 1866. Here was seen a delay, on which a plan to attack the tsar was developed.
On the paved side of the square, on the mountains, there is the Holy Mother Monastery, dating back to 1386 years. Between Rozhdestvenka and Neglinna, on the way to the ear of the 18th century, the monastic cities were occupied by monastic cities and forgotten only on the cob of the 19th century.
Near the 60s of the 19th century, the restaurant "Ermіtazh", created by the French cook Oliv, the creator of the famous one-name salad, is located on the square of celebrities. Restaurant boulevard in the French style and lack of feelings of success.
In the 1880s, a horse tram passed through Trubna Square along the Boulevard Kiltsy. Bird market, which has been growing on the area since the 1840s, having developed until 1924. Iakshcho do not get close to respect 5 outlines of the Ribals' attachments, the trade was conducted "by hand". Merchants early brought vrants and brought here klitins with birds and other creatures. Lovers of nightingales and canaries were picked from taverns. On the pipe there is a special bargaining and exchange of birds. They also sold kitties and puppies to the bird market. Sheds in Blagovischennya, they came to the market, they bought it and let the birds go free. Call such a buv in a whole day.
The bird's rinok, having seized the ruch through the Trubna square, and the Miska government in 1906, made a decision to transfer it to the other mice, and the Miska Duma adopted the proposition. As soon as the revolution of 1917 was rocked, the market was moved to the circus on Kolorovoy Boulevard, and the Trubna Square became proprietary.

Іstorіya appear pipes from metal to vglib stolіt. With a cob of metallurgical vyrobnitstva vvazhaєte VIII-VII thousand years BC. The lack of water in Asia and on the Blizkoe Descent became the reason for the appearance of pipelines.

First pipelines in ancient Egypt

In Egypt, metal processing was found in the IV yew. BC At the connection with unsteady water in the whole land, the demand for water pipes was already great. It is not surprising that such virobi have begun to play so long ago. A spatula for cich tsіley vikorystovvali stovburi bamboo and virobi from molded burnt clay.

The most early days from the people of the pipelines in the boule know in Abusir. At the palace part of the pyramid of King Sakhura Bula, there is a pipe from the middle, designated for bringing the water to the board. Vona Bula is laid in stones and locked behind an additional gypsum.

The shmatki of the middle pipes boules with an overlap, for the whole skin, the Lanka sounded from one side. The pipes were inserted one into the іnshu with an interference fit. Already at the 2nd century BC in Egypt, water supply systems from mid-pipes were actively being used. Water from the groceries and reservoirs, which flows over the place, was delivered to the settlement.

roman trumpets

The quality of pipelines in Ancient Rome called for the improvement of the quality of water supply systems. Trumpets made of tin, lead and bronze were made here. Іnuvala the whole of the industry from the production of pipes with lead with the brands of maestri, trademarks and stamps of the deputy.

Tubes were formed from sheets of metal, diameter 20-300 mm. A seam was prepared with lead-tin solder. Z'єdnannya vikonuvalis upside down or overlap.

For an hour, the virobi were playing, in the viginas, the edges of the buvs of the zholobchas. The edge was covered with a special putty. However, the virobi vikoristovuvalis only for walled up in the wall.

Pipes with lead from Ø30 to Ø600 mm, with the same type of wall (8 mm), were vikoristovuvali for vyshtuvannya water supply. Yak naslіdok, a pipe, Ø30 cm in diameter, volodila with a working vice up to 1.5 atm, and a pipe Ø60 cm - up to 1.25 atm.

In some cases, all the same, they were victorious and made of pipes and lead. At the water supply of Alatri, pipes are set up, as they vitrify an occasionally high grip (no more than 10 atmospheres). The price is poured by the size of pipes, the diameter of the pipes is 10 cm, and the diameter of the pipes is 10-35 mm.

Pipelines in Europe

Until the 17th century, pipes from color metals and trees were used in European systems in Europe.

Columns of metal and ceramic pipes were used to make their counterparts from wood! And in 1430 a special machine for the preparation of wood pipelines was broken up in Nimechchin. Yes Vіnchі, having flattened the vygadka, having risen to the wraparound, the signs for vertical and horizontal drilling.

Trumpet on the right in Russia and in Europe developed from the same shvidkistu. Lead with a sprinkle vststanovlyvali viklyuvalno in the great domineering. The first Kremlin water supply system, which started to grow old in the middle of autumn 1631, will be given a special respect. Water for the water supply was taken from the rivers of Moscow. For lead pipes self-fueling the won was brought into the well of Sviblova Vezha, and the car was delivered to the palace for additional water-powered cars. At the booths of the boule, a Vodovzvodnaya chest was erected with water. The productivity of the system was up to 4 thousand vidu.

During the year, the bore was bridged with water pipes - from the reservoir, around the pipelines were carried out.

The technical level of the Moscow water supply system is not lower than the same equipment in Europe. Water supply to the Kremlin, servicing the staff. The king has assessed the crossings of the water supply system, and he has not forgotten about the її organization in all the missions of their crossing.

All the last water supply systems are simple. Rocky doslidzhen led to a thorough water supply, the source of what a skin resident of the country has the ability to use water from the tap.