My special photoblog. Znamensky Cathedral on Varvartsі Temple of the Znamennia on Varvartsі
June 18th, 2010
Kitai-city is one of the most ancient historical districts near the center of Moscow, decorated with the view of the Kremlin. The name of the house from the XVI century. and look like the word "whale" - a link of poles, which stastosovuvalis during the life of strengthening. Satisfying streets of China-town buli and є them at once Varvarka, Illinka and Mikilska. Today, I am posting my photo call from a report description about a walk by one of them - Varvarka Street. 
Trochs of historical proof:
- Back to back, Varvarka Street began to look at the Spassky Brami of the Kremlin and went like a crest of a hump over the Moskva River. Behind deakim tributes, її the long road to Volodymyr passed along the route. For the first time, it will be called under the name of All Saints (behind the Church of Usikh Saints in Kulishki) for example, the XIV century, if Prince Dmitro Donsky had reached Moscow with it, turning back from the Battle of Kulikiv (1380).
- Z 1434 p. was called Varvarskaya abo Varskaya.
- the street folded like a road along the br_vtsa of the hillock above the Moscow River, which passed from the Kremlin to the Volodimir, Ryazan, Kolomenskaya roads. The boyars lived in the settlement on Varvarsky Street. At the same time, there was a trading district, where the crowd settled, where people from the mustache of Moscow converged to buy and sell at numerous lava shops.
- In the XVII century. the street at its hour was called either Znam'yanskaya (behind the Znam'yansky monastery), then Great Intercession (behind the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God on the Pskov Mountain), but the names did not take root.
- Examples of the XVIII century. Varvarka was cleaned from old buds.
- after 1812, more houses and shops on Varvartsy were built near the stone.
- after 1917, Varvarka bula was occupied with installations and warehouses.
- 1933 the street was renamed into Razina street in honor of the leader of the peasant rebellion 1670 - 1671 rr. S.T. Razina, 1993 the fate of the street was given a historical name.
- after the demolition of 1934, the fate of the Kitaigorod wall was resurrected on Nogina Square (Varvarsky Gate Square).
- In the 1960s, the forgotten side of Varvarka was forgotten, surrounded by ancient monuments of architecture.
You can start a walk along the street from different kintsiv - either from Chervonoy Square or Viyshovshi from the metro station "Kitay-misto" of the Kaluska-Rizka line (orange tree). Before the speech, the numbering of the houses starts from Chervonoy Square. To this I will begin my rozpovіd zvіdsi i spochatka marveling at the unpaired side - at tі vznachnі reminders, scho roztashovanі levoruch vulitsі.
Middle trading rows(Vavarka vul., bud. 1) - a complex of budіvel, promptings in 1889 - 1893. according to the project of the architect R.I. Klein of the old houses (1815, architect O.I. Bove) and they repeat their plan in a flash. The stench was formed from a number of buildings: the head one (along the perimeter of the entire quarter) and some internal buildings. At the process of reconstruction, yak three times at a time (camping on the grass in 2010), internal budding (2007). Part of the facade, which enters Chervona Square, enters at World Heritage UNESCO . Also Middle Trade Rows monument of architecture federal significance. There will be no photographs, there is nothing to marvel at - all life is closed at a glance passing through the reconstruction.
Behind the Middle Trading Rows, Krishtalevyi provulok zadnuє Varvarka z Illіnka.
Old vitalnya(Varvarka vul, bud. 3) - life was carried out by stretching out a tribal term from 1790 r., having filled its residual look until 1830 r. Before this creation, such architects as D. Quarenghi (the author of the project), S.A. Karin, I.A. Selekhov, O.I. Bove were successful. The rest of the reconstruction was carried out in 1995-2000. Є monument of architecture
federal significance. 
Behind the Old Vital Yard Ribniy provulok zadnuє Varvarka z Illіnka.
Morozov trading house(Varvarka vul, bud. 5) - prompted in 1864 under the ceramics of the architect A.S.Kaminsky. What is here at once - I don’t see it. 
Farther follow Mikilsky Provulok, which leads Varvarka from Illinka.
Pributkovy booth of the Varvara joint-stock company of housekeepers, abo "Varvarinsk obіystya"(Varvarka vul, bud. 7) - awakened in 1890 - 1892. in the style of eclecticism under the architecture of the architect R.I. Klein. In the present hour, there is the Vikonavchy Committee of the Commonwealth of the Independent Powers, as well as the Secretariat of the Organization for the Collective Security Treaty. 
Let's stop the wire that got Varvarka from Illinka, the Ipatiyevsky wire.
Office of the Association of the Tverskoy Manufactory of the Motherland of the Morozovs(Varvarka vul, bud. 9) - bud_vlya was opened in 1896 - 1898. in the style of eclecticism under the architecture of the architect A.V.Ivanov. The two upper ones on top of the budinka were overwhelmed for radian hours. At this hour, the houses are administrative. One of the organizations spread here is the Knizhkov Expedition of the Office of the Rights of the President of the Russian Federation. 
Miska garden of Chirikovykh - M.F.(Varvarka vul, bud. 11) - awakened in the middle of the 18th century. In 1894 p. the bula was reawakened by engineer B. N. Schnaubert. What to know here at once is not known (I didn’t get to know information about it). Є monument of architecture
regional significance. 
Church of the Rіzdva John the Baptist (Clement of the Pope of Rome) of the Barbarian Gates.(Varvarka vul, b.15) - Orthodox Church of the Intercession Deanery of the Moscow Diocese. The church was founded in 1741 by the manufacturer F.S. The last time the kilka was mined. After closing at the 1920s. the church was victorious for recognition. There were fenced-in fences that gate, the door was broken to another tier, the head was broken with crosses, the whole architectural decor was beaten. At the same time, the Russian Orthodox Church has been turned to the church, but for the time being, restoration work is being carried out. Є monument of architecture
federal significance. 
Now let's go to the guy's side.
Church of the Great Martyr Varvara on Varvartsi(Varvarka vul, bud. 2) - Orthodox church of the Intercession Deanery of the Moscow Diocese. It was built in 1796 - 1804 pp .. according to the project of R.R. Kazakov, with the help of I. Barannikov and M. Samgin with additional foundations in the one-meter temple, sporuzhenym Aleviz Novim in 1514 p. In the 1920s the church was reawakened and closed. Born in 1965 - 1967 її restored. At this hour, dіє і є monument of architecture
federal significance. 
Church of Maxim the Blessed(Varvarka vul, bud. 4) - was awakened in 1698 - 1699. koshtom merchants M.Verhіvitinov and M.Sharovnikov. At 1829 p. it was sporudzheno dzvіnitsyu. The church was closed in the 1930s. U 1965 - 1969 rr. її restored under the ceramics of the architect S.S. Pid'yapolsky. At this hour, dіє і є monument of architecture
federal significance. 
Old English door(Varvarka vul, d. 4A) - one of the oldest living life of the XVI century. at Moscow. April 1556 given by Ivan IV the Terrible to the first English merchants who arrived to Moscow. In the XVI - XVII century. The building was the residence of the trade and diplomatic representation of Britain. 1968 - 1973 rr. restoration was carried out. Ninі near budіvlі there is a museum "Old English podvіr'ya" (filiya to the Museum of Moscow). Є monument of architecture
federal significance. 
Dalі part of the budіvel vіdnositsya before Znamyansky monastery(Varvarka vul, d.8-10), which is monument of architecture
federal significance. The monastery was ruled in 1631 in the yard, which, after lying Romanov, founded the Church of the Sign. It was closed after the revolution, but it was often turned to the Russian Orthodox Church. 
Dvinitsa with the cell building of the Znamyansky Monastery(Varvarka vul, bud. 8) - enter the warehouse of the Znamyansky monastery. The door was built in 1784 - 1789. on the base of the church of Jacob here (1756). The lower part of the door with two large arched openings served as the main entrance to the territory of the monastery. The corpus of cells of education adjoining to it is also, for example, the XVIII century. 
Cathedral of the Icon of the Mother of God "Banner"(Varvarka vul, 8) is the center of the monastic ensemble. Life began in 1679. to the prayer of I.M. Miloslavsky kripak from the Kostroma district Fedir Grigor'ev and "boyar prince Golitsyn the peasant" Grigory Anisimov. 1683 p. Miloslavsky died without finishing the life of the cathedral. Yoga was completed in 1684. Boyar V.F. A five-headed cuboid cathedral with a high tented truss, galleries and descents of erections on the hill on the foundations of oak palms. In 1929 the monastir was closed and stuck to the living quarters. During the restoration of 1967 Bulo was based on the image of the cathedral, which was built before 1684. A lecture hall was opened near the building. The lower church of consecrations in 1992 The temple is to enter to the warehouse of the Patriarchal podvir'ya near Kitaї-mіsti. 
Old Sovereign door, or the chambers of the Romanov boyars(Varvarka vul, bud. 10) - a single spore of the 16th - 17th centuries, which was preserved from the great sadibi of the Romanov boyars. Behind orders, on the tsіy sadibi on 12 lime 1596 Mikhailo Fedorovich Romanov was born, who became the ancestor of the new royal dynasty. In 1633 p. Mikhailo Fedorovich, having wove the garden of the Znamyansky monastery, which repeatedly re-awakened the life of an old Romaniv garden. In the 1850s. F.F. Richter carried out the restoration. In 1859 p. there was a museum opened here, which was built in 1917. crossings at the entrance to the Zbroyovo Chamber, and from 1932. є branch of the Sovereign Historical Museum. 
There is another order from the chambers of the Romanov boyars cell building of the Znamyansky monastery, overexcitation in the 19th century. 
Church of George the Victory (Protection of the Holy Mother of God) on the Pskov Hill(Varvarka vul, bud.12) - Orthodox Church of the Intercession Deanery of the Moscow Diocese. Incitement in 1657 - 1658 pp.. In 1818 r. before it, the refectory was brought in, which contrasted sharply with the main life of the church through its pseudo-Gothic style. The church was closed in the 1930s. In 1965 - 1972, the її restoration took place. At this hour, dіє і є monument of architecture
federal significance. 
Pributkovy booth Z.M. Persits(Varvarka vul, bud. 14) - prompted in 1909 under the architecture of the architect N.I. Zherikhov. In this hour, the offices of various companies and shops are opened here. 
On which all the days, as if you can dance, passing through Varvarka Street, they will end. If you want to ward off respect for those who, right behind the historical houses on the steamy side of the street, there was a hotel "Rosiya", founded in 1964 - 1967. From 2006 її znesennia began, as it was already practically completed before 2010. So it was grass on the cob. 
And so already like grass. 
Evil in the photograph, you can miraculously save the church of the conception of the righteous Annie, which is in the corner of the Kitaigorod wall.
If you go to Varvarka Street from the metro station "Kitay-misto", then at the underground passage you can see a fragment of the foundation of the Varvarskaya Vezha Kitaigorodskaya wall. 
The wall was mostly rebuilt in the 1930s. Wanting to deyakі fragments vtsіlіl chi navіt buli vіdnovlenі. A fragment of the wall can be seen near Varvarka Street - near Kitaigorodsky Proezd. 
Trohi later, there will be a sound about the further walk Kitay-Misto.
Churches in a row
On the day of the 870th anniversary of the city, the Zaryadda park appeared at the place of the chosen hotel “Rosiya”, and the temples of Varvarka on the background of the sky began a new life. To relieve the pressure of the massive life of the hotel, that survived the period of life, that, having dragged on, the stench flooded with fresh farbs and gave a sense of spaciousness.
1. Church of St. Barbara
On the cob of Varvarka stands the miraculous temple of the Great Martyr Varvara, which gave them and the streets themselves. Imovirno wine was made in the XIV century a trio for a day in front of the present church. In 1514, at that time, a number of rich guests Vasil Bobr and his brothers Theodore Vepr and Yushka Urvikhvost, under the ceremonial work of the Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin, awakened the life of a stone. In 1796-1801, the church was rebuilt after the project of Rodion Kazakov.
In 1812, the French vicariously victorious yogo pіd stayu, naybagatsha sacristy of the church was plundered, salaries of the rizi were taken from the icons. Budivlya suffered greatly and was restored in the 1820s. In the 1920s, the church was rebuilt and closed. In the years 1965-1967, they were restored, restoring under the ceramics of the architect G.A. Makarov's link.
Addresses: st. Varvarka, bud. 2
2. Temple of Maxim the Blessed
Blessed Maxim was consecrated at 1434 rotsі on Varvartsi bele of the church, consecrated in the name of the noble princes Boris and Glib. 1547 rock yogo was canonized. For example, in the XVII century, after that, a new stone church of St.
The Church suffered greatly after an hour after Moscow in 1676. New budіlja, evoked in 1698-1699, included a part of the temple of the same name built in 1568. After the year 1737, the temple was overhauled in the Baroque style, which was indistinguishable from the old Moscow look of Chinatown.
In 1827–1829, the deputy of the colossal chain called a new two-tiered chain in the Empire style. It is folded in two tiers, which fall uphill, with a dome, completed with a spire. In the 1930s, the temple was shut down, decapitations and destructions. In 1965-1969 it was under restoration (architect S.S. Pid'yapolsky).
Addresses: st. Varvarka, bud. 4
3. Cathedral of the Icon of the Mother of God "Banner"
Znam'yansky Cathedral - the head temple of the Kolishny Znam'yansky Monastery - was built in 1679-1684 by architects F. Grigor'evim and G. Anisimov in the old Russian traditions at the church of Athanasius of Afonsky. At the hour of the Vitchiznyana war of 1812, the fate of the Napoleonic soldiers plundered the monastery, but the cathedral did not suffer. At the lower temple, at the hour of the occupation, it was allowed to hold a divine service. Until 300 AD, the Romanovs Cathedral was restored.
After 1923, the monastery was closed to rock, yoga houses were attached to the living quarters. On the cob of the 1960s, the houses of the podvir'ya and the stay were taken away, and the houses that were left were found in an emergency camp. In 1963–1972, restoration works were carried out at the link with everyday life at the Rosiya Hotel, which continued in the 1980s. A long time at the wake of the temple and the concert hall.
Addresses: st. Varvarka, d. 8
4. Temple of St. George
The promptings at 1657 roci (on the foundation of the ancient temple, which burned in 1639 roci), the door and the refectory - at 1818 roci. For example, in the 1920s, the church was closed and victoriously established. The temple was turned to the Church in 1991.
Addresses: st. Varvarka, bud. 12
5. Church of the Conception of St. Gunny, "what's in the hood"
One of the oldest churches in the city. The first riddle about her lies until 1493. Closed in 1920s, transferred to the Church in 1994. Іsnuyucha budіvlya vinikla in the middle of the XVI century. Restoration can be done with his own eyes (architect L.A. David).
At the Pokrovsky Cathedral on Chervony Square, a 30-pood truss from the trinket of the Church of the Conception of Annie is being taken (it was not removed during the restoration). Vіn buv vіdliy y 1547 roci from France and pridbaniy from 1610 roci by the Moscow merchant M.G. Tverdik. At the Time of Troubles, the ring was taken out of the church, but later it was bought and turned by Prince Pozharsky.
Addresses: Moskvoretska emb., 3
Prepared by Ivan Dmitrov
Published: spring, 2017
Yaka is an unknown name for the street - that kindness is calm in a homely way. It is more suitable for this sacred little corner of Moscow, where the spirit of the old days lives on. Let's go through the street at once, respectfully marveling at the sight, and Varvarka sings singsongly to you of her secret places.
Kitaigorod wall
Our route starts at the Kitay-misto metro station. From the subway we see near Varvarka bik, we choose the right tunnel and walk along it to the end. Why are they checking on us like a tunnel? Significantly, lightly, and yet - majestic stones, immured in the wall. This is the foundation of the Varvarsky gates of China-town - if the majestic fortress that protected ancient Moscow.
We rise up the hill. Marvel at the right-handed, red-faced bud_vlya - the temple of the Rizdva John the Baptist. It is important to state, but if the walls of the city were filled with living quarters for party practitioners and navit nursery garden. The church is known to be under restoration. Soon I will turn my first glance, and a prayer will sound again at the temple.
Terem with domes
Right there, right-hander of Varvarka, there is one more temple, in which to lead "hidden" stitches. Sob at the new one to have a drink, we walk back through the pass, then we turn to the left hand and ... we catch sight of the beauty of that wonder. The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Nikitniki, richly decorated with stucco, has been preserved to this day practically in its first appearance. Yogo is often compared with the royal tower and is called one of the best sights of the Russian visor.
Let's go inside and have mercy on the ancient frescoes. Having created one of the best icon painters of the 17th century - Simon Ushakov.
The main shrine of the temple is the miraculous Georgian icon of the Mother of God, as it healed the faceless people during the hour of the plague epidemic. This image is so ancient, like the temple itself. Let's light a candle and get to the shrine.
De Bulo Charge
Now we cross the road and let's go to Varvarka's levoruch. In the wake of the colossus of the orphan life, a wasteland begins - 50 more years ago, the merchant district of Zaryaddy with a wealth of quiet little streets was roztashovuvav here. The writer Volodymyr Muravyov described it as follows: “Quiet provincial place in the very center of the capital, not tied to the socialist plan. Nayvischi budinki 4-5 overlays, arches of mіtsnі, merchants. The streets are not straight, but oblique. Trees grew, wanting no special plantings, grass in the middle of the trees. Mountain down from Razina Street (Varvarka. - Directly. editions) tezh brukivka, and it was especially good to hang there, if the strings flowed over the stones, rushing in everything, and the first green appeared.
A great modern park with alleys, fountains and museums will appear here beyond the sprat of rock. Ale about tse trohi zgodom.
On our path is the temple of the great martyr George the Pobіdonos, heavenly patron of the city of Moscow. The entrance to the Church of the Powers is invisible - on the other tier of the door. The building was broken up in order not to go down the streets downhill - the temple stands under the mountain.
In the 16th century, there was a settlement of artillerymen, such as Vasil III moved here from Pskov, to which the temple began to be called the church on the Pskov Girts. After 1812, it suffered greatly, and її had a chance to rebuild practically anew. And according to the status of the famous chambers of the boyars of the Romanovs, they are quiet themselves, who ruled Russia for more than 300 years. Behind orders, on the 12th lime, 1596, the founder of the tsar's dynasty, Mikhailo Fedorovich Romanov, was born. The chambers are a single spore, as if they were built like a majestic boyar sadibi, honed by a high jagged parkan. This rich boyar door was used to designate other maps of Moscow in the 15th century. You see, what a long time ago?
More recently, the bulk of the hotel "Rosiya" hung over a unique spore, blocking the edge of the view of the Kremlin and Moscow River. After the demolition of the chamber, the nibis moved into the open, pleasing the eye of lovers of antiquity.
Monastyrska estate
If Mikhailo Romanov moved from the family nest to the Kremlin, life moved to the Znamyansky Monastery, where we are now virushimo. Tse zovsіm order. Directly behind the parkan of the Tsar's sadibi hang the red-faced Znamyansky Cathedral with green domes. You, singly, yogo bachiv in magazines and TV screensavers - this great temple is rightfully respected as one of the symbols of the capital.
The house church of the Romanovs stood on the right side of the road, the ancestral icon “The Banner of the Mother of God of Novgorod” was saved, and later, for the orders of Mikhail Fedorovich, a monastery was founded here. Golovny, the Znamyansky Cathedral, for good luck, the Donin was saved. To go to the new one, you need to go up with wide parade descents - typical for palaces or grand ducal chambers.
Zliva in front of the cathedral there is a fraternal corps with gum bashts on the dakha. How are you guessing, what is it? Pichnі trumpets - even earlier in the villages, and in the places of the mustache, the budinkas were heated with firewood. Well, as for the monastic dzvіnitsya, I’ve got a red color, you don’t get confused with anything.
First Moscow holy fool
We pass another 20 meters, and mi of the coming sanctuary - the temple of Maxim the Savior. Truth, in order to reach the new one, it is necessary to go up with gatherings to Varvarka.
Holy, to whom the consecration temple, became famous as the first Moscow holy fool. Vin is alive in Moscow on the cob of the XVI century, victoriously rich and inviting the day. Blessed Maxim, speaking to the Moscow nobility: “The goddess is at home, and her conscience is corrupt; to cross the skin, that is not to pray; God knows every lie. You won’t fool Yogo, you won’t fool you.”
Blessed Maxim is alive on Varvartsі beside the church of Boris ta Glib. In the same place there was a white church fence in 1534 rock and vіdіyshov to the Lord. Unforgettably, the graves of the believers began to experience miraculous healing with the prayers of the believers. Were vehemently, if Maksim buv uvі snі і ahead of the people about the nebezpeka that threatened youma.
After 13 years after the death of the blessed one, his imperishable relics were found, and Maxim was buried to the face of saints. And nevdovzі in honor of the saint at the mіstsі yogo pohovannya called the temple.
In the 20s of the last century, the young monk Platon Izvkov served as regent here, which in turn became the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Pimen.
In honor of St. Barbara
Mizhe traveled to the Vasilivsky Uzvoz, where the temple of the Great Martyr Barbara is located, which is how they called our street. Tsyu holy for all hours was swayed in Russia - on Russian land, faceless temples were erected on її honor.
Do you know, kim bula Varvara? The daughter of the rich and noble pagan Dioscorus, what a dream you could see in the distance, and build your camp at the temple. Ale, the beautiful Varvara cast off all the names and, in the face of worldly troubles, received Holy Baptism. Dioskor buv roznіvaniy vchinkom daughter and pіddav її terrible cakes. But nothing could steal the faith of the young girl from Christ. At night, at the hour of prayer, a blindly light shone - Christ himself appeared to me. Healed from terrible wounds and said: “Be of good cheer, My name is, and do not fight, for I am with you.”
The lieutenants Varvara again felt terrible torments, and then she was sentenced to death, as if she had taken the hand of a dear father - Dioscorus, who saw her head.
Parts of the relics of the Great Martyr Barbara were the main shrine of the temple, built by the famous Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin at the beginning of the 16th century. Ale is terrible after 1737, all the icons fell to fate.
The church was rebuilt less than sixty years after the project of the architect Rodion Kazakov. This is how mi bachimo yoga and dosi.
English door - the old days of Moscow
Look at the future
Remember, I told you to show me how the new Moscow park will be on the site of the old Zaryaddy? The axis is here, in the order of the church of St. Barbara, the pavillion of the cursing of the pavilion, where you can see the tablets without any damage to the skin, for the help of which you can destroy the future. On the screen of the electronic add-on, you will sing, de-roztashovuvatimutsya quiet alleys, kvіtniki, concert hall. And for two years you can visit the park not just virtual, but real. Come here with your friends and tell them about Varvarka...
The icon "Banner" gave life to the wealthy mіsts, consecrated on її honor, incl. i Cathedral of the Icon of the Mother of God on Varvartsi. The shrine is called miraculous for a reason.
At 1170 roci buv taxation Novgorod. The nervous struggle was left with only one thing: to pray.
I believe that the Archbishop of Novgorod felt a voice, as if punishing you to bring down the “Banner” icon and walk around with it like a moor.
One arrow, fired by the enemy, went to the shrine. Tears appeared from the eyes of the Mother of God, the saint herself turned to the place.
The enemies sighed, threw a streak and began to advance. Novgorodians, inspired by a good sign, overtook and defeated the enemy.
History of the Church of the Mother of God "Banner"
Cathedral of the Icon of the Mother of God on Varvartsi near Moscow, consecrations in the name of the icon "Banner".
Є kіlka let the blame go to the temple of that monastery for a long time. It is clear that the complex was laid on the cob by the Romanov boyars.
Possibly, in 1631, after the death of Martha, mother of Mikhail Fedorovich, perhaps, in 1629, after the appearance of the Romanovs' decline, they were founded.
In 1668, the Cathedral of the non-Abian suffered a lot of damage for an hour later. Zavdyaki to the boyar Ivan Miloslavsky, the temple was rebuilt anew.
Until the end of the 18th century, the houses of the Cathedral of the Mother of God "Znamennya" that monastery were rebuked in the west.
In 1812, the cathedral was stolen, without suffering any damage: services were held here for the time being. After the war with Napoleon - a new reinvigoration of work and a new discovery in 1827.
If Alexander II came to Moscow in 1856, the camp of the sanctuary was flooded with the best.
By order of the emperor, it was decided to give the Cathedral that look, which is the fault of the Romanovs, and on the territory of the monastery, open the museum "Budinok of the Romanov boyars".
In 1923, the Cathedral of the Icon of the Mother of God "The Banner" on Varvartsi was closed, and at the same time the Znamyansky Monastery.
The budinki were victorious not for recognition: on the holy lands, the flocks of the lord's spores were roamed.
Only in the 70s of the 20th century was the Chergov restoration carried out, and the monastery was transferred to the organization for the protection of historical monuments.
Irrespective of the long history of that podії, as far as the Cathedral survived, the shrine brought to our hearts some small, but valuable fragments of past fates.
The icon of the Mother of God “Banner” is one of the first icon-painting images of the Mother of God, and the Russian name “Banner” icon appeared near Veliky Novgorod in the XII century. In 1170, the cities of Suzdal were taken into the oblog. Archbishop Illya three times before the cathedral church, thankful for help. At night, before the storming of the wines, having heard a voice, having ordered you to go to one of the Novgorod churches, take the icon of the Most Holy Theotokos and put it on the wall of the bowl - “then you will shake the city”. Once upon a time, he sent priests there, but the icon did not destroy the mission, until the saint himself did not come to the temple and did not pray before it. The icon was brought to the mіska wall under the gloomy arrows, which shoveled Novgorod. One of them hit the icon. Tears dripped from the eyes of the Queen of Heaven, and the icon turned to the faces to the place. Saint Illya, with trepidation, having taken a tear on his phelonion, yelling: “You give us a sign that we are praying before Your Sin and our God about the chosen place!” So the name of the icon appeared - "Banner". Suzdalians in invisible fear flowed into the walls of Veliky Novgorod. On the riddle about the miraculous intercession of the Queen of Heaven, the same holy celebration of the icon on the 27th leaf fall was installed.The Novgorodian icon "Banner" was chanted by the Romanovs from long ago. I to the one who served in Novgorod, and to the one who, for orders, in his family "was like a banner icon."
Secrets of the sovereign's court
The Sovereign Service of the Ancient Ancestors of the Romanovs was tied to Veliky Novgorod. It’s a funny version that the ancestor of the Gland-Kambila dynasty, in Christendom Ivan, who resembled “from Prus”, was not from Prussia, but from the “Prussian prince” of Novgorod. Yogo onuk Fedir Andriyovich Kishka, the love of the boyar of Dmitry Donskoy, serving in faith and truth to the Grand Duke of Moscow. Moscow was deprived of his guardianship, if Prince Dmitro was violating on the Kulikovsk field, and for Vasil I, Fedir Andriyovich was appointed monastic of Novgorod. In the same settlement for over 20 years, Yury Zakharovich (father of the first Russian tsarina Anastasia Romanova) served for 20 years. And then the brother of Tsaritsa Anastasia, Mikita Romanovich, took the job.
The first Moscow door of the Romanovs, which lay down for Fedor Kishka, was located near Tverskaya and was abandoned in the ancestral volodin until the middle of the 16th century. Budinkov temple bula kamyana Georgiyivska church, possibly founded by the boyar Fyodor Andriyovich. After the death of the voivode Yuri Zakharovich in 1505, the daughter of Theodosius Yuriivna, on the riddle of the soul, the father turned the church into the Georgievsky monastery, which left the name of Georgievsky provulka. This door of the monastery became "a nursery for the Romanovs' house", according to the words of the historian I.M. Snigirova. The nephews of Theodosius were themselves here: Anastasia, Danilo and Mikita Romanovichi, children of Roman Yuryovich's brother, whose name was given by the Romanovs. In 1547, Anastasia married Tsar Ivan Vasilovich the Terrible and moved to the Kremlin, Danilo Romanovich entered the state service and took part in the campaign against Kazan, Feodosia Yuryivna took black tonsure, and Mikita Romanovich moved to Varvarka. Here are the first riddles.
At that hour there was no forte wall of China-town, and the place was small I would call Veliky Posad, long ago, merchants and craftsmen settled near the largest river pier of the main city market. One of the main township streets was called Varvarka - after the church of St. Barbara, as if she was a patroness of trade, or simply Varskaya Street - shorthand for Varvarka or for words Varya(Mіsce, de varât sil, khmіl), which reflected the economical nature of meat. Usy three town streets near the pre-Petrine hours of Mali baptismal, where the chapels stood, in which they led the people to a goddamn kiss and read out the royal and patriarchal decrees. Here, on the cross, they brought the bodies of the dead, zhebrakiv, v'yaznіv, who died at the pit, for recognition by relatives and the collection of victims for their funeral, and to bring podkidkiv from wretched budinkiv, so that they were taken away by the childless friend. That is why the future Znamyansky Monastery is called “what is on the Varvarsky cross”.
The city of the Kremlin, although it was commercial, was no longer prestigious. Here, entrusted to the yards of the wealthiest merchants, among the yards of the surozhans Khovrinikh, in the wake of the life of the Simonov monastery, stood the yards of the nobility. Starting from the first version, Mikita Romanovich Zakhar'їn-Yur'ev, in the 1540s, made friends with the merchant's daughter Varvara Ivanivna Khovrina and took off the plantation of tsey budinok. For a different version, here Roman Yuryovich himself added a budinok, and he passed from the recesses to the young son Mikita Romanovich. The third version is to say that Mikita Romanovich simply bought his own volodinna on Varvartsi after the fact that the family nest near Tverskoy was destroyed. At the Znamyansky Monastery, a retelling was saved that all the houses were set up before the birth of the future Patriarch Filaret Mykitovich, which is about 1554-1560 years old. That’s right, the great boyar door at the traditions of quiet hours, with stone chambers, state services. The façade of the booth and the windows overlooked the street, which was very common, and the front ganok was on the side of the yard. The stone church of the Icon of the Mother of God "Banner" became the Budinkov temple, consecrated to the riddle about the rebirth of Mikiti Romanovich by the monk of Novgorod, from the pribudovoy of the Monk Mikiti of Medikіysky for the name day of the lord, like, as if in the house, having fallen asleep at Moscow, the female Niekyashivsky monastery, Great and Maliy.
Mikita Romanovich died two years after the death of Ivan the Terrible, in 1585, before his death, taking blackness under the name of Nifont. Dvir on Varvartsi crossings to Fyodor Mikitovich. Vіn buv after being in love with Tsar Fedor - the son (the only one who lost his life) Anastasia Romanova and, later, bringing him a cousin. Fedir Mikitovich, having entered the state service, became a Pskov monk, then violating the voivode in the Crimean campaign and in Moscow he was on a visit. On July 12, 1596, son Mikhailo was born at the booth on Varvartsi. For a long time, the legend was respected, especially by the Radianian historians, who tried to erase the memory of the Romanovs from Moscow. The retelling about the people in the city of the first king of the dynasty saved the Znamyansky monastery itself, even though it was recorded only in the XVIII century, if the archimandrite asked for help for the restoration of the monastery, relying on such an important historical fact.
The demise of the Romanovs at the court was turbulent for Boris Godunov, who respected himself as a close relative of Tsar Fedor, who made friends with his sister Irina. After the death of the childless tsar, Fedir Mikitovich Romanov became a contender for the throne, and in 1598 the Zemsky Sobor elected Boris Godunov as sovereign. That virishiv will forever spare his head superniks, virіzavshi їх рід on the root. A bribed servant, having thrown a little teddy bear at the boyar comor to the roots and donis, nibi Romanovs, children of Mikitya Romanovich, want to cast spells and destroy Tsar Boris, so that they themselves take the Russian throne. Opal bula zhorstoka. In 1601, the Romanovs were denounced by sovereign villains. Fyodor Mikitovich was forcibly tonsured in honor of Filaret in the Antoniev Siysky monastery of the Arkhangelsk region, and a de-skin boulder was fenced off to honor him. Ksenia Ivanivna's team was spit out by that same fate: they tonsured in blackberry under the name of Martha and sent them to Zaonezhzhya. The young Mikhail Fedorovich with his sister and aunt was sent to Biloozero, and then near the family village of Klin. The sentry guarded the children in the most obedient dress, for which he took off the heads of the Tsar Boris himself. All the blues of Mikitya Romanovich disappeared from a distant messenger. Only one, weak and sickly Ivan Mykitovich on the Prіzvisko "Kasha", Buv turns to Moscow, having taken away the father's patrimony of Izmailovo. Vіddav uncle's door on Vozdvizhentsі, de zavjavsya a friend of the Romanivska church in honor of the Znamenyanskaya icon.
There is no single thought about the fate of the Romanov chambers on Varvartsi. Some thought that the stench was confiscated before the execution or passed on to Boris Godunov. Others asserted that they were fired at the hour of arrest, and the chambers were empty for a long time. In order, Kolya Filaret turns to Moskvi in the middle of the XVII table, Vіn is not alive at Czeoma Budinka, not Mayuchi on the rights of Yak Chernets. At that hour, the Blagovishchensky side vіvtar appeared at the Church of the Sign. Ale and at the “stateless hour” in the Romanivsky courtyard, a banner was trapped: the stars of the autumn of 1612 to the fate of Prince Pozharsky destroyed the Kremlin. At the altar church of the Holy Sign of the Sign of the same fate between Russia, there were more and more sounds from the gates. Two seals under the letter about the enthronement of Mikhail Fedorovich to the kingdom were painted with the image of the "Banner".
If in 1606 the nun Martha turned her back to Moscow, the stench settled in a booth on Varvartsi, depriving him of the hour of the Polish-Swedish occupation. At the house of the Znamyansky church, a divine service was celebrated, and then the door was renewed: Patriarch Filaret, after visiting the Polish colony, nun Martha went to the quiet Ascension Monastery near the Kremlin. Vaughn presented the family church with a silver cross. Tsar Mikhailo Fedorovich, who also contributed to the Budinkovy temple after the crowning of the throne, having settled in the Kremlin, and the birth chambers on Varvartsi became known as the Old Courtyard, as Romanov used to lie before. At the Volodin Church, the stench passed from the bunkers to that place of the Znamyansky monastery.
Tsar's monastery
Historians sing to the monastery from two steps - either to the riddle about the death of nun Martha, which happened in 1631, or, less importantly, to the honor of the people of the fall of Oleksiy Mikhailovich in 1629. It seems that just before the house of the Znamyanskoy Church, generous donations of the happy tsar's father were given. Patriarch Filaret, after the death of the squad, did not want to, so the tribal volodinna on Varvartsy passed to other relatives. At spring 1631, Mikhailo Fedorovich fell asleep in the Old Tsar's Courtyard of the Znamyansky Monastery, gave him Roman lands and lands that lay on Marty, and the smut, having presented the newly-built cloisters of the ancestral chambers, would stay stench at the Volodin monastery until the middle of the 19th century. The Church of the Banner of the Clock of Mikit Romanovich became the cathedral temple on the back of the house. They venerated the head shrine at her place - the ancestral Znamyansk icon of the 16th century, after ordering the vivezen from Novgorod, in front of which the ancestors of Mikhail Fedorovich prayed. Vaughn was richly tidied up with gold, silver and expensive stones. Patriarch Filaret embellished with pearls.
However, in 1668 the Znamensky monastery suffered greatly from the fire. Igumen Arsen beating Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich with the help of a cholom, who won the monastery with a lot of services, in the churches they burned and the sovereign’s old chambers “collapsed because of dilapidation and fire.” Remembrances were taken by the wines of Miloslavsky, relatives of Tsaritsa Mary Illivna, and especially by his nephew, the ever-present boyar Ivan Mikhailovich, the future harbinger of the Striletsky rebellion of 1682. In 1679, a new cathedral church was laid for the sake of the Kremlin Assumption Cathedral in 1679, becoming the largest church in Kitay-mesta ta Zaryadda. There was Yogo Kostroma master Fedir Grigor'ev and Grigory Anisimov. Rings of victories in the old Russian traditions, the five-headed temple from zakomaras was the middle of nowhere: the crypt was spiraling on the wall. Sometimes it’s important that the cathedral was built in the form of a ship, the rocks on one axis were roztasovanі shіdna vіvtarna chastina, the central space of the temple and the porch with the descents from the sunset, but there were no doors for the refectory on this osi. The cathedral was two-tiered: the head, the summer (neopaluvalny) temple was consecrated on the hills in honor of the “Banner” icon, below - a warm side vіvtar in the name of Athanasius Athos with a refectory. (Before the speech, Saint Athanasius Athos was a student and tonsurer of the Monk Mikhail Malyn, the heavenly patron of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich.) Later, the lower church was re-consecrated in the name of St. Sergius of Radonez with the deity Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker. Shards in the double-tiered temple, zgidno with the canon, could not rest on one level, so that at the upper temple they did not trample on the sacred throne with their feet, rotting at the bottom, the lower vіvtar may have a strong ledge. Boules and secrets - hobni zakomari, deaf beech heads, and the central light split the boulevard of broken wood, upholstered with a bay, to replace the vice on the wall in a beztovpny temple. The cathedral from the pivnіchnoy and zahіdnoї storіn otochuvali double-tiered galleries with great ganks, and the high tented bunker, covered with green tiles, stood okremo. On July 27, 1684, Patriarch Joachim consecrated the Cathedral of the Sign for Tsarina Sophia.
And the old burnt sovereign’s chambers were disassembled according to the funerary vault and in their places they called new chambers with a gank: they were called “on the upper lakhs” or simply “upper chambers”, chambers like small. At the honorable upper chambers, the hegumen’s was ruled, and so were the state-owned cells, where documents and relics of the monastery were saved: the contribution of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, nun Martha, two Gospels of Patriarch Filaret, the Bible of the first Moscow edition of 1663.
At the head iconostasis of the cathedral there is a generic image of the "Banner", transferred from the old temple of Mikiti Romanovich. Rebooting yoga in cold, non-salting temples created a miracle: the icon of the same day was never renewed, having saved the clarity of that magic farb. In front of her, a silver lamp was burning - a gift from Martha Ivanovna's great gift for a healthy son, for the destruction of the old church. The same Znamyansk icon with cherubs, which is attributed to Simon Ushakov, was saved in the cathedral.
At the altar of holy worship, the patriarch was victorious at the presence of the king and courtiers, and while the priests and illustrious individuals were calling at the Znamyansky Cathedral, on Ivan the Great, they did not stop ringing the ringing.
Koliska of the Romanovs
Not the best hours have come for the monastery. Through the weakness of the ground, yogo sprouted quickly collapsed. It is important that Peter I, who hated the shooting of Ivan Miloslavsky and Tsarist Sophia, punished the financial support of the Znamyansky Monastery (the cathedral should not be filled with new inscriptions), although he gave a chalice of water consecration in 1721. After the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, the monastery at once with the numerous sovereign chambers of the bubbling - and from that hour, the right neviryannya began, owing to the failure of the royal ancestral monastery. Moreover, according to the decree on stone bridges, the monastery will be paved on its own grand territory and without annual privileges. Until 1730, the fate of the future began to fall, threatening to collapse. In sumnozvіsnu I will burn the cathedral in 1737, and the head of the wooden head collapsed.Life in the monastery seemed to be warm. In 1740, the late cheruvav Josip, Bishop of Karelia and Ladoz, who had previously served as a memorial of the Novgorod Archbishop, the famous Feofan Prokopovich, and was buried in St. Sophia Cathedral at Veresni in 1736. Mabut, Vladika Josip zoomed in on the convent entrusted to him, the shards at that hour are seen first about the painting of the Znamensky Cathedral. In 1743, the royal empress Elizabeth, as though she had seen the ancestral cloister before the hour of the coronation, punished the monastery, though on a modest cost, and commemorated the life of the ancestors, and in Tsarskoe Selo she fell asleep the Church of the Sign. In 1752, the Georgian Metropolitan Anastasius lived at the repaired Romanov's chambers for ten years, through which they were called bishops. Only a little, but the monastery, having corrected its right, like a new dashing sips one by one. The roofing in the chambers collapsed, and after the arrival of the Georgian metropolitan, the monastery was disturbed to rent them out to private persons for the sake of carrying out repairs, moreover, the orendars changed the chambers in their own way, although they hid them in the new ruins. After the secularization of 1762, the volodinny of the monastery was taken to the treasury, and he himself was taken to the 3rd class. In 1771, a plague epidemic broke out, which saved the monastery the most important source of income - the winery; In the 1780s, there was a set of dovgoochіkuvany dobrobut. The Cathedral of letters of painting, behind the fashion of quiet hours, an image of the “All-Seeing Eye” appeared at the dome, the walls of that crypt of the temple were embellished with stucco molding according to the project of Matvey Kazakov, a new link was built, and її lower part became the main entrance to the monastery. Tilki woke up, like it started Vitchiznyan war.
Treasury Methodius viviz to Vologda of the most famous icons and stuffing. Napoleonic soldiers ran in the suffocated monastery - plundered, burned images, tortured the Chentsi. However, the monastery was not burned down, to the fact that the sovereign's chambers were occupied by a French proviantmeister, who had previously been in the Russian service - he tried to save the monastery. Moreover, with the permission of the commandant Lesseps, who also stood on the post nearby, at the lower church of the Znamyansky Cathedral, a divine service was held - even a rare sight in Moscow, which was occupied by the French - and a varta was placed on the ground, so that no one would respect the service. After the entrance of the gate, the sovereign's chambers were occupied by Archbishop Augustine, who turned to Moscow for evacuation. Already in 1813, Archbishop Parfeniy (Chortkiv), the future Archbishop of Volodymyr and Suzdal, became rector of the Znamyansky monastery for a short time.
The Holy Synod saw 15,000 rubles for the inauguration of the Znamyansky Monastery, Muscovites also made a donation, and in 1827 the monastery turned to life. It was a marvel in its own way, the shards for dilapidation and ruination of the monastery were small for us, and the chambers - for zlamati. Only the stink of the historical memory of the Romanovs’ house was left with the stench: the family nest of the ancestors of the royal dynasty did not come across, but the number of the sovereign’s chambers all the same happened to be hired.
The reign of Oleksandr II Vizvolitel has come. April 1856, having arrived at Moscow for the coronation and raising the zhalyugidny camp of the family booth, having punished the establishment of the family chambers at the cob look and power at some memorial museum. Until then, approaching ahead of the 250th anniversary of the rule of the Romanovs. The emperor took all the work of restoration and special control. Most of the chambers of the boyars of the Romanovs were purchased from the Znamyansky monastery for 20 thousand rubles. The stench went to the Court Office of the Moscow Palace Office. It was created by a special commission, as if it were engaged in scientific research, and it is true that Tsar Mikhailo Fedorovich was born here, and after the solemn wedding, that archival documents became a solid crown. After the year of 1857, the works of the restoration of the monument began, with the participation of the historians I.M. Snigirova, A.A. Martinov, director of the Zbroyovo Chamber O.F. Veltman, heraldist B.V. Kene, under the ceramics of Academician F.F. Rikhter, the senior architect of the Moscow Palace office, who inspired the beautiful Church of the Annunciation near Petrivsky Park.
Richter zoomed in on fragments of the old budіvlі and robit competently compiling, so that they were used up by modern materials. The bula was prepared just as quietly as it was old-fashioned, but the new leather bula was marked with the date “1856” on the cob, so that the reference was not wasted. It was one of the first scientific restorations of architectural memos in Russia, and Richter is considered the founder of this method, although he was then sued for "stylization" and for the addition of historical memos. Instead of the vtrachenyh parts of the wines, having created new ones, showing off the Russian style: a balcony on a similar facade, an upper wooden tower. They wanted to install a weather vane on the spiers of Richter, and, behind the bajans of Alexander II, they replaced the figure from the coat of arms of the Romanov family - the griffin.
On December 31, 1858, when the wake of the bula was ready, the foundation stone was laid for the museum. Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov) with the altar cross - the contribution of the monk Martha to the Church of the Sign, the protodeacon trimmed the censer of Patriarch Filaret, and two hieromonks - the temple icon "Banner". After a prayer service at the Cathedral of the Sign of the Sign, the hierarch turned to the sovereign with a promo, in which he said these words: Shanuy your dad. Hay save the poviki those who stole the poviki; and save the monument to Mikhail, who can now become a monument to Alexander II at once.
Then they brought gold and silver coins to the emperor for laying, viking at a different hour: at the decree of the decree on the establishment of the Romaniv chambers (1856), at the river bookmarks (1858), at the government of Mikhail Fedorovich - for the riddle about the yogo people in these chambers and silver coin of the era Ivan the Terrible - as a sign of the hour of arranging the chambers of the boyar Mikitya Romanovich. The Sovereign and Metropolitan Filaret handily made a bookmark, after which the saint prayed and presented Alexander II with the blessing of the sovereign the image of the Savior, and the empress - the icon of the Banner.
Zagalom for the river is a museum of booze ready. About 200 items were handed over for the exposition in the Zbroyovo Chamber, among them special speeches of Patriarch Filaret, nun Marfi and Mikhail Fedorovich. For the trellises, expensive, original Flanders shkiri of the 17th century were donated, and other antiques were sold at St. Petersburg. Tsikavo, sho pichnі kahli buli vykonani on tiles, sho saved, in the Ipatiev monastery.
On the cob of the sickle in 1859, the emperor came to life. Vіn did not dare to go into the middle of life, where the work was done, but the architect Richter ruled you such a tour of the call that the sovereign was left with even more satisfaction, it’s more, that the vin poachiv improved the chambers.
On September 22, 1859, the urochist celebrated Budinka in memory of the tsar's honorable fathers. Varvarka bula was adopted by the people, and a maidanchik for honorable guests was erected at the courtyard of the Znamyanskoy cloister, the hall of the front gank of the chambers of the Romanov boyars. The emperor arrived about the 2nd anniversary of the day, pid zvin. Metropolitan Filaret, who made the entrance to the Znamyansky Monastery, and consecrated the chambers, and then said a word about the chanting and valor of the ancestors of the Russian tsars. The emperor was at the capture of the museum, acknowledging the pratsivniks and zarahuvav chambers to the sovereign monuments of Moscow. The museum will be open for only two days for a week and a stretch of two years and May suvori rules: it was difficult to enter more than eight people at once, hang around exhibits, take reeds and parasols with you.
The sanctuary of the 300-year-old Romanov's house became the remaining urochist in the pre-revolutionary history of the Znamyansk monastery. The cathedral church was restored, the domes were gilded, the icons and decorations were renewed, in 1910 the roci near the upper Znamyansky temple were vlastovan lateral vіvtar in the name of St. Michael Maleyn - the patron saint of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Cathedral, pofarbovaniya in blakitny kolіr, іz golden domes gleaming in the sun, becoming the Moscow symbol of the remaining grandiose urochism of autocratic Russia.
"Propaganda booth"
After the Zhovtnevoi revolution, the Znamyansky monastery was sacked, the cathedral was closed and rebuilt and the dwelling was closed, the heads with drums were disassembled, the Znamyansky icon was transferred to the Irkutsk museum. Until the beginning of the 1960s, the camp of the budіvel of the monastery was recognized as an emergency, but it was not possible to restore life at the place of the charged Charge to the hotel "Rosiya". In the years 1963-1972, the restoration of the cathedral was carried out, and the look of 1684 was taken as the basis. On the eve of this future, the House of Propaganda of the All-Russian Comradeship was handed over to the protection of memorials of history and culture, lecture halls and concert halls. V.A. Soloukhin was not the best option, although the interior was re-planned, near the upper temple there was a hall with a stage, and the replacement of the iconostasis was adorned with an important panel of images of buffoons, as it destroyed beautiful acoustics. Unexpectedly, the walls of the cathedral were cracked, and they closed it for a new restoration, as if it had been broken until the end of the 1980s.
And at the same time in 1992, divine services began to appear here.
In the article, the materials of Nina Mol'eva and Julian Tolstoy are often quoted.