Emperor Mikola II of the rules of art. The rule of Mikoli II. About Mikoli II
In the period of the tenth rule, an unprecedented development of the economy, the Silk statehood, and industry was promoted. The land has become the leading exporter of agricultural products, the vougill and viplavka chavunu have grown fourfold, the electrical energy supply has grown 100 times, more, less than 2 times the gold supply to the bank has been increased. The Emperor was the forefather of the Russian aviation and submarine fleet. Until 1913, the fate of the empire went into the pyatirka of the most developed powers of the world.
Dignity and youth
The Maybut autocrat was born on May 18, 1868 in the deputy residence of the ancient rulers in Tsarskoe Selo. Win became the first of Oleksandr III and Mary Fedorivny of the middle of five children and a decline in the crown. 
Oleksandr II became the head of the thief, for the decisions of the didus, General Grigoriy Danilovich, who transferred to the tsiy "posadi" from 1877 to 1891 rik. Years later, youmu were put at fault for the incomplete character of the emperor.
Since 1877, the fallout from the backdrop of home education for the system, it included the educational disciplines and lectures of the general sciences. A collection of wines having mastered the imaginatively that musical mystery, literature, historical processes and earthy movies, including English, Danish, Nimetska, French. And from 1885 to 1890 rr. vivchav vіyskova right, economics, jurisprudence, important for the monarchy. Yogo mentors buli vidatnі vchenі - Volodymyr Opanasovich Obruchov, Mikola Mikolajovich Beketov, Kostyantin Petrovich Pobadonostsev, Mikhailo Ivanovich Dragomirov i іn. And the stench of boules of goiters'yazanі tіlki vicladati materіal, but do not overtake the knowledge of the Tsarevich. Tim doesn’t, he’s trying hard.
In 1878, the teacher of the English Mister Karl Heath appeared in the middle of the boy's mentors. The breeders of yomu pidlіtok not only splendidly opanuvav movu, but th fell in love with the sport. When the family moved in 1881 to the Gatchina Palace, not without the participation of the English, in one of the three halls of the ball, a room for the Trenuvan was possessed with turn and beams. Krym tsyogo, together with the brothers Mykola, kindly galloped on horses, shooters, fencing and becoming a wonderful physicist.
In 1884, a young cholovik swore an oath of service to the Batkivshchyna, and after starting to serve in the Preobrazhensky, after 2 years in the Life Guards of the Husarsky Magnitude Regiment.
In 1892, the young cholovik deserved the title of colonel, and father, who knew about the specific management of the land. Young Lyudin took part in the robotics of the Parliament and the Cabinet of Ministers, having spent time in the royals of the monarchy and beyond the cordon: in Japan, China, India, Egypt, Austro-Ugorshchina, Greece.
Tragic convergence to the throne
In 1894, about 2 years old, 15 chilines in Livadia from ailments nirok died Oleksandr III, and after a year in Khrestovozdvizhensky church on the crown of honor swearing to the synonym. The ceremony of coronation - taking over possession at once with all attributes, including the crown, throne, scepter - took place in 1896 in the Kremlin. 
Vona was amazed with zhakhlivy podіyas on the Khodinsky field, de namіtuyu held festivities with the presentation of 400 thousand tsarist gifts - gurts with the monogram of the monarch and dear lasoschіv. At the bag on Khodintsi, there was a million NATO ready-made presents. The embossing became scary like an inheritance, the yak took the life of close to a thousand hulks.
Having learned about the tragedy, the sovereign did not skip the Christmastide, come in, wake up, welcome to the French embassy. I would like to see the winners in the victims in the carnets, materially accept them in the dead, but all one has been made out in the people of the prisvic "Krivaviy".
royal
In the internal policy of the young emperor, he has kept his father's taste for traditional values and principles. At the first public appearance in 1895 in the Winter Palace, he was voiced about the idea of “protecting the ear of autocracy”. On the thought of a number of historians, the statement was negatively received by the suspension. People wondered at the possibility of democratic reforms, and at the same time the growth of revolutionary activity began. 
Protest, for counterreforms, the old Russian tsar posed as much as possible to adapt to the development of the folk pobut and change to the current fret.
In the middle of the prodding during the new boule processes:
- population census;
- the introduction of the golden exchange of the ruble;
- zagalne pochatkovu coverage;
- industrialization;
- obmezheniya working hour;
- insurance of robots;
- polіpshennya zabezpechennya soldiers;
- adjustment of new salaries and pensions;
- tolerance;
- agrarian reform;
- large scale business road.
Ridkisna newsreel with Emperor Mykola II in Kolori
Through the growing folk hvilyuvan and war, the rule of the emperor took place in a very folding situation. We can reach for an hour, having given us freedom of speech, win, friend. In the land, the State Duma was established, as the viconuval of the function of the legislative body. However, with the ear of the First World War in 1914, internal problems became even more acute, there was a lot of visibility against the power.
They negatively infused the prestige of the head of state and vіyskovі failures, and when they spoke a little about the involvement in the management of the land of the young provincials along with some ambiguous peculiarities, especially the head "warden of the tsar" Grigoriy I Rasputin
Kadri meeting Mikoli II
In the fierce 1917 rock in the capital, spontaneous nonchalance was born. Monarch mav namir pinch them with a forceful way. However, in Stavtsi panuvala, the atmosphere is serpentine. The readiness of the emperor's editors and the introduction of the rebellion to the rebellion was caught only by two generals, the rushts stood up for theirs. As a result of the corn on the cob in Pskov, Mykola II took the important decision about brother Mikhaylo's response to criminality. However, the one who sent the Dumy to the guarantor of the security officer in the time of accepting the crown, officially took over the throne, by the same time having taken over the land of the thousand-year Russian monarchy and the 300-year ruling of the Roman Empire.
To the special life of Mikoli II
The ballet dancer Matilda Kshesinskaya is for the first time of the Maybut Emperor Boul. Winning with her in the intimacy of the clashing of the fathers, stabbovannyh baiduzhistyu sina to the protolezhnoy state, stretching out two rockets, fixing the fate since 1892. However, the ring with the ballerina, the way and the love of St. Petersburg, for sound reasons could not turn into a legitimate whore. The same story from the life of the emperor of the assignments of the artistic film Oleksiy the Teacher "Matilda" (I want to look at the thought, that the name in this picture is more, less historical). 
In 1894, in the Nimetsian town of Coburg, the 26-year-old Tsarevich was married to the 22-year-old princess Alisa Darmstadt of Hesse, the onuka of the Queen of England Viktoria. Vin piznishe describing the tsyu podiya, as "wonderful and unforgettable." The goodwill took place in the fall of the leaves in the temple of the Winter Palace.
The family wager has 5 children: Tetyana, Olga, Marya, Anastasia and Oleksiy.
Mykola from 9 rocky to viv is a schodennik, taking pictures, cars, loving love, movies, reading books, smoking cigarettes.
Death of Mikoli the Other
The story of the autocrat Vlad in Russia passed to the Timchasov district. For this decision, the 8th birch 1917 rock near the village in Tsarska Selo Mykola Oleksandrovich together with the households of the settlement. One serpent of the king's family was sent to Tobolsk, but not from the world of safety - they were inevitably slipped into the Russian capital, de panuval anarchy. 
In 1918, the royal monarch with a squad, ichni children and kilka saved the family of servants for the orders of the Bolshoi district from the head of Volodymyr Lenin bully sent to the motherland. From the sanction of the leader of the revolution (I would like to dispute the fact by the order of the historians) at 17 days in the booth, dey were trimmed in the link, all the imprisonments were made without going to court.
Driving the Tsar's family
In 1981, the Russian Orthodox Church behind the cordon, and in 2000 in the Russian Federation, the last monarch was canonized.
It's not a secret for anyone that the history of Russia has been created. The great people of our land are part of the special world. We represent them in the form of tyrants, godly or weak-willed people. One of the most abused rulers is Mikola II.
However, if we look at the numbers, it’s a lot of nonsense.
In 1894, on the ear of the Emperor Mikoli II, there were 122 million inhabitants in Russia. 20 years according to the fact, in advance of the 1st Holy War, the population of the country increased by 50 million; by such a rank, in Tsarskiy Russia the population grew by 2.400.000 per rik. Yakbi did not become a revolution in 1917, until 1959 the population was guilty to reach 275,000,000.
On the basis of modern democracies, Imperatorska Russia pursued its policy not only on deficit-free budgets, but on the principle of significant accumulation of gold reserves. Uninvolved on the price, the powers reached 1.410.000.000 rubles in 1897, without the least increase in the tax rate, they grew unhealthy, so as the vitra of the powers lost more money on one and that same level.
For the last 10 years before the First Holy War, the transfer of state incomes over the vitrates was violated in the sum of 2.400.000.000 rubles. This figure is more significant, since the imperator Mykoly II saw the decrease in tariffs and payments for land, which came in 1861 before the peasants were born in 19 ...
At the Tsar's Emperor Mikoli II, by the law of 1896, gold currency was introduced in Russia, and the Sovereign Bank was given a vipuskati of 300,000,000 rubles in credit stubs that did not preserve gold reserves. Ale the row not only nikoli didn’t get too fast with the right, ale, navpaki, the paperwork got a lot of gold, less by 100%, but the same: until the end of 1914, to the end of 1914, to the end of 1914, the credit cards were stocked in gold for a total of 1,633,000 rubles. in Russia, it costs 1,604,000,000 rubles, and in overseas banks, 141,000,000 rubles.
The stiffness of a penny bullet is such that one can go to the hour of the Russian-Japanese war, which is supervised by the mass revolutionaries of the whole country, the change of credit tickets for gold is not for the present.
Russia has a tribute, before the first light of the day, the lowest in the United States.
Tyagar straight taxes in Russia will be higher in chotiri times less, not in France, more than 4 times less, not in Nimechchina and 8.5 times less, not in England. Tyagar and indirect taxes in Russia were in the middle less, now in Austria, France, Nimechchina and England.
The sum of taxes per resident in Russia is bigger than that, less in Russia, less in Austria, France and Nemechchini and more, less in times and less, less in England.
U period mіzh 1890 і 1913 rr. Russian promislovity quadruple your productivity. Even if they didn’t just get better, they didn’t need to get out of farming, some comrades condemned 4/5 of their internal drink at the factory virobi.
For the last time the shareholder partnerships have grown by 132%, and the investments in them have been capitalized as much as four times.
In 1914, there were deposits in the State Social Security Office for 2,236,000,000 rubles.
The sum of deposits and government capitals in other credit facilities (at cooperative ambushes) in 1894 became close to 70,000,000 rubles; in 1913 rotsi - close to 620,000,000 rubles (an increase of 800%), and a camp for 1 September 1917 - 1,200,000,000 rubles.
Ahead of the revolution, Russian agriculture was in general development. Stretching out two ten years, they overwhelmed the 1914-18 rr. In 1913 r in Russia, the crop of head cereals was 1/3 of the crop of the same Argentina, Canadi and Soed. The states were immediately recognized.
The Emperor Mikoli II Russia had the head year of the Western Europe.
Russia supplied 50% of the import of goods.
In the same period of time, the zukru per skin inhabitant has grown from 4 to 9 kg. on pik.
Before one of the 1st Holy Week Russia played 80% of the light video clip to a lion.
The breeders of the great robots growing up in Turkestan, having lived for the tsar of Emperor Oleksandr III, thrived in 1913, having twisted all the usual consumption of the Russian textile industry. She stayed with her virobnstvo mіzh 1894 і 1911 рр.
Merezha zaliznytsya in Russia was used for 74,000 versts (one verst road 1,067 km), in which the Great Siberian Shlyakh (8,000 versts) was found near the sights.
In 1916, tobto in samiy razpal vіyni, it was prompted more than 2,000 versts of zalіznitsa, as the Pivnichny Lodovitiy Ocean (Romanovskiy port) was located in the center of Russia.
In Tsarskiy Russia in the period from 1880 to 1917, Tobto for 37 years, 58.251 km were prompted. For 38 years of the Radianskoy power, tobto until the end of 1956, the fate was prompted by a total deprivation of 36.250 km. road.
Forward vіyny 1914-18 rr. the net gain of the sovereign wages curtailing 83% of the wages and depreciation of the sovereign Borg. In other words, the viplachuvannya of the Borgs, both internal and external, was secured in a proportion of 4/5 more than 4/5 by income alone, which excluded the Russian state from the exploitation of its premises.
It is necessary to add, for Russian zaliznyts, in some cases, for passengers, boules found the cheapest and most comfortable in the world.
Industrial development in the Russian Empire was naturally supported by significant gains in the number of factory robots, economical goodwill, such as the protection of life and health, the tour became the subject of a special.
It is necessary to bear in mind that in the Imperial Russia itself, and at the same time in the XVIII century, for the reign of the Empress Katerina II (1762-1796), for the first time in the world, the laws were seen in the minds of the ancestors: buv appointments 10-year working day, etc. It is characteristic that the code of Empress Katerini, which regulates the childish and childish pratsyu, plays the hands in French and Latin languages, acquires the barriers for publicity in France and England, as “seditious”.
At the Tsar's Emperor Mykoly II, before the clamor of the 1st State Duma, there were special laws for securing the safety of robots in the city-plant industry, on the streets and in the business, for especially healthy people.
A little child until the twelfth century had been harrowing, but the incomplete animals could not be hired for a factory robot between the 9th and 5th years of the evening.
The size of penalties was not paid at the time of changing one third of the salary, and the leather fine was guilty of the factory inspector. Penalties went into a special fund, signs for satisfying the needs of the robots themselves.
In 1882 rotsi has a special law regulating the work of children from 12 to 15 years. In 1903, the rotsi boules were introduced to the work of old age, which were robbed by the factory robots of the various workshops. The start of working spiloks was declared by law in 1906.
During that hour, the Imperatorska Social Legislation was insanely most progressive in the world. Tse zmusilo Taft, the current President of the United Nations. The states, two fate before the 1st Holy War, publicly declare, in the presence of several Russian high-ranking individuals: "Your Emperor, having set up such a thoroughly robust legislation, cannot boast of a democratic state."
At the tsaruvannya Emperor Mikoli II, the people's education has reached an unrivaled development. Mensh nіzh in 20 years of credits, allocated to the Ministry of People's Osvіti, z 25.2 mln. rubles grew up to 161.2 mil. The people were not included in the budgets of the schools, they drew their loans from the other dzherels (schools of viyskov, technical), or they were mocked by the local authorities of self-regulation (zemstvos, cities), credits for the national education of viros from 70,000,000 rubles. in 1894 up to 300,000,000 rubles in 1913 p
At the ear of 1913, the budget of the national education in Russia had a colossal figure at that hour, and only 1/2 billion rubles in gold.
Pochatkovo navchannya was bezgishtovne zgіdno іf the law, and from 1908 it was very viscous. Close to 10,000 schoolchildren were shown to the fullest. In 1913, the number of їх surpassed 130,000.
For a number of women, who came to the house of their chief mortgages, Russia borrowed in the XX century the first place in Europe, as if not in the world.
The hour of the reign of Mikoli II became the period of those who found the pace of economic growth in the history of Russia. For 1880-1910 rubles. the rate of growth of products of the Russian industry outweighed 9% in the region. For this indicator, Russia went to the first place in the world, in front of the United States, to move forward rapidly. It is possible to grow it up - it is a non-negotiable fact). For the virobnism of the most agricultural crops, Russia went 1 month by the light, more than half of the grain at the light rye, more wheat, more barley, more cartoons. Russia has become the main exporter of agricultural products, which has permeated the "breadbasket of Europe". On the її part, 2/5 of the total export of rural products fell.
The successes in agricultural production were the result of historical podias: the adoption of the law in 1861 by Oleksandr II and the Stolip land reform in the government of Mikoli II, as a result of which, in the hands of the peasants, 80% of the lands of Azerbaijan The area of the landlord's land was fast-paced. Daruvannya to the peasants the right to decisively order their own land and the cassation of communities of little majesty to the state, the corystiness of what, in the first place, was learned by the peasants themselves.
The autocratic form of government did not overshadow the economic progress of Russia. During the Manifest of the 17th October 1905, the fate of the population of Russia won the right to under-handles the individual, freedom of speech, friend, union, union. Political parties grew up in the country, there were thousands of periodicals. To the will of the will of the future Parliament - the State Duma. Russia became a rule of law - the ship vlada bul was practically seen from the viconavchy.
The rapid development of the industrial and agricultural market and the positive trade balance allowed Russia to convert gold into a converted currency. The Emperor has given a great value to the development of the zaliznitsa. Even in his youth, he took part in the foundation of the famous Siberian road.
In the rocky government of Mykoly II in Russia, the most beautiful legislation was adopted for those hours, so that the norm of the working hour, the vibration of the working elders, the wine of the city in case of non-merciless problems on the basis of security, The Emperor actively encouraged the development of the Russian culture, art, science, reforms of the army and the navy.
All the steps towards the economic and social development of Russia є along with the natural historical process of the development of Russia and the active connection of the 300-richest management of Budinka Romanovykh.
The French economist Teri wrote: "Joden of the European nations did not reach such results."
Myth about those robots who lived even more poorly.
1. Workers. The average salary of a robot from Russia was 37.5 rubles. We will multiply the sum by 1282.29 (from the exchange rate of the tsar's ruble to the bitter one) and we will get a sum of 48,085 thousand rubles for a one-day pererakhunok.
2. Doorkeeper 18 rubles or 23,081 rubles. for a few pennies
3. Lieutenant (current analogue - lieutenant) 70 rubles. or 89 760 p. for a few pennies
4. Gorodoviy (rank-and-file teacher of the police) 20, 5 p. or 26 287 p. for a few pennies
5. Robots (Petersburg). Interestingly, the average salary in Petersburg was small and until 1914, it was 22 rubles 53 kopecks. Multiplying the qiu sum by 1282.29 і we pay off 28890 Russian rubles.
6.Kukhka 5 - 8 rubles. or 6.5.-10 thousand for a few pennies
7. Teacher of the cob school 25 rubles. or 32050 p. for a few pennies
8. Teacher of the gymnasium 85 rub. or 108970 p. for a few pennies
9 .. Senior courtyard 40 p. or 51 297 p. for a few pennies
10 .. Okolotochny naglyach (modern analogue -section) 50 p. or 64 115 for a few pennies
11. Paramedic 40 p. or 51280 p.
12. Colonel 325 p. or 416,744 p. for a few pennies
13. Collegiate assessor (middle class official) 62 rubles. or 79 502 p. for a few pennies
14. Taymny radnik (official of the food class) 500 or 641 145 for current pennies. Styles are cut off by an army general
And what about the food, feed your food, did you eat the food? A pound of meat in 1914 is 19 kopecks. The Russian pound is important 0.40951241 grams. That means, kilograms, be it in the world of vagi, costing 46.39 kopecks - 0.359 grams of gold, that is, in ninish pennies, 551 rubles 14 kopecks. In such a rank, a robotic man might buy 48.6 kilograms of meat, yakby, for his fee.
Borough wheat 0.08 rub. (8 kopecks) = 1 lb (0.4 kg)
Rice lb 0.12 rub. = 1 lb (0.4 kg)
Bisquit 0.60 r. = 1 lb (0.4 kg)
Milk 0.08 RUB = 1 dance
Tomati 0.22 RUB = 1 lb
Riba (pike perch) 0.25 rub. = 1 lb
Grapes (raisins) 0.16 rub. = 1 lb
Apple 0.03 r. = 1 lb
Velmi gidne life !!!
Sound and power to satisfy the richness of the system.
Now let us wonder, the life was so depressing. The rent of a living was kostuvala in Peter 25, and in Moscow and Kiev 20 kopecks per square yard per month. The price of 20 kopecks per year is 256 rubles, and a square yard is 0.5058 m². Tobto, a monthly rent of one square meter was worthy in 1914, 506 rubles a year. An apartment of one hundred square yards, our clerk knows bi in Piteri for 25 rubles per month. I didn’t know an apartment like that, but satisfied with the apartment and the town’s apartment, because the area was less, and the rental rate was lower. Such an apartment was known, as a rule, titular radniks, who received a salary on the basis of an army captain. The bare salary of the titular radnik became 105 rubles per month (134 thousand 640 rubles) per month. In such a rank, a 50-meter apartment cost a quarter of a fee.
Myth about the weakness of the character of the king.
The President of France Loubet said: “Call me a kind, magnanimous, a little weak person to play Emperor Mikoli II. Tse gliboka pomilka. Winner of a backward thought through planning, making sure that everyone is within reach. Because of the apparent fearfulness of the king, I have a strong soul and a husband's heart, unpretentiously true. Win know, where do you want and what you want. "
The Tsarske service was very strong in character, for example Mykola II mav. The hour of the Holy Coronation to the Russian Throne May 27, 1895 Metropolitan Sergiy of Moscow at his beastly before the Tsar, saying: “Yak is not a beast, so is dumb and more important on the land of the tsar’s power, it is dumb tyagara more important than the tsar’s service. Through the anointed one is visible that the invisible power of the light comes to you, acting up to the advancement of your royal virtues ... "
There are a number of arguments in order to create a simple myth, to create a robot A.
So, Zokrema, S. Oldenburg wrote, that the Emperor had a good hand, the bagatokh only deceived she put on her Oxamit's mitten.
The evidence of firm will in Mykoly II will blischetly confirm the podiatry of the sickle of 1915 to fate, since he has taken on the bounds of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief - against the boss of the Vyskovo leadership, For the sake of the ministries and all the "huge". I, if you need to say a blink of an eye, you are right.
The Emperor was rich in defense of the land, having learned the important lessons of the Russian-Japanese war. Mabut, the most significant years of the development of the Russian fleet, like hiding the land on the ear of the First World War. It was brought against the will of the military officials. The Emperor of the Immortals will be sent to the presentation of the Grand Duke Oleksiy Oleksandrovich. Vіyskovy historian G. Nekrasov writes: “It is necessary to realize that it is unimportant on its great pass in the forces on the Baltic Sea, the German fleet did not live to break through to Finnska Rosoku, and put it in one blow with one blow. Theoretically, it is possible, as in St. Petersburg there is a large part of the Russian industry. Ale on the way of the Nimetsky fleet, standing ready to fight the Baltic Fleet, with ready-made mini-positions. The price of cutting a hole for the German fleet became unacceptably expensive. In such a rank, even only the tim, who was led to serve in the fleet, Emperor Mykola II vryatuvav Russia in a swift manner. Tsyogo not slid zabuvati! "
It is especially significant that the Sovereign has taken absolutely all the important decisions, as we will accept it, and by himself - without adding any kind of "good geniiv". I called a dummy without a rim, it was well with the Russian army that the Keruvav was Alexev, and the Tsar had been transferred to the posadi to Golovkoy for the sake of informing. Tse pomilkova dumka will simply use the telegrams of Aleksov himself. For example, in one of them, for the passage of ammunition and protection Aleksєєv vidpovida: "I can’t eat without a high permit."
Myth about those who rossia was a prison of the people.
Russia was born to the seven people of the sovereign's enthusiasm and thought out policy. The Russian Tsar-Father became the monarch of all peoples and tribes who lived on the territory of the Russian Empire.
Vin pursuing a national policy on the basis of the tradition to the traditional religions - the historical sub'ekts of the sovereign economy of Russia. The first is not only Orthodoxy, but Іslam. So, zokrema, mulli bully on the utrimanny of the Russian Empire and cut off the salary. Bagato Muslims fought for Russia.
The Russian Tsar Shanuvav the feat of all the peoples who served Batkivshchyna. The axis is the text in telegrams, to serve as a message to the confirmation:
TELEGRAM
Yak Girska avalanche hitting the Ingush regiment on the Nimetsky zaliznitsa division. Win secretly received by the Chechen regiment.
In the history of the Russian Vichizny, including our Preobrazhensky regiment, there was no attack by a small part of the important artillery.
4.5 yew were killed, 3.5 yew were taken in full, 2.5 yew were wounded. Mensh nіzh for 1.5 years ceased to understand the zeal of the division, because they were afraid of the smallest parts of our allies, including in the Russian army.
Pass on from my name, from the name of the royal court and from the name of the Russian army, the brotherly heart is grafted to the fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters and we will call these good-looking eagles in the Caucasus, who will glorify their heroic feats of immortal orphans.
Nicholas will not forget the great feat of Russia. Honor and praise!
With a brother's gratitude Mikola II.
Myth about those that Russia for the tsar knew the shots in the First World War.
S.S. Oldenburg in his book "Tsaryuvannya of the Emperor Mikoli II", writing: "By the very feat of Emperor Mikoli II, who were guilty, with very important minds, brought Russia to the threshold of overcoming: yogo opponents did not give through this threshold."
General N. A. Lokhvitskiy wrote: “... Nine fate was known to Peter the Great, and the Narva peremozheniye beasts in Poltava peremozhy.
Ostanniy Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Army - Emperor Mikola II defeated the same great robot for pivtora rock. But the robot was rated by the enemies, and by the Sovereign, and by the Army, and the change "became a revolution."
A. Alisev to direct such facts. Vіyskovі talents of the Sovereign bully in the povnіy world rozkritі on the posadі of the Supreme head commander. In the same time, the solution of the new head was brought to the main camp at the front. So, he organized the Vilno-Molodechno operation (3rd spring - 2nd October 1915). The sovereign zumіv zupiniti is a great offensive of nіmtsіv, as a result of such a flood of the city of Borisov. Um, I saw a timeless directive that I’ll propose to pin the panic and open it. As a result, the clutches of the 10th Nimetsky Army were squeezed, as the bully was messed to go - by means of absolutely no luck. The 26th Mogilev infantry regiment of Colonel Petrov (all 8 officers and 359 bugs) made their way to nimts in the field and in the course of a rapt attack, having acquired 16 harmat. All Russian zumіli get 2000 full, 39 garmat and 45 kulemets. “Ale naygolovnishhe, - means the historian P. V. Multatuli, - in a new way, the impression in the building of biti nimtsiv has turned.”
Rosіya became madly vigravati vіynu. Pislya misfortunes 1915 rock the triumphant 1916 th - rik Brusilivskoy cut through. In the course of the battles on the Pivdenno-Zakhidny Front, the enemy turned in the killed, wounded, and wasted a full man of the Milyon Cholovik. The Austro-Ugorsk region has come to terms with the rozgrom.
The Sovereign himself, after pushing on to the brusilov plan, will advance, with the bullets not good for the leaders. So, the plan of the chief of staff of the Supreme head commander M.V. Aleksev transferred a straining blow to the enemy by forces of all fronts, with the blame for Brusilov's front.
Having resigned, the second front can be completely built before the offensive, from which there will be bad and bad command of the front. However, Mykola II rishuche pidtrimav Brusilov, and without the cessation of celebrities piercing the buv bi is simply unhappy.
The historian A. Zayonchkovskiy wrote that the Russian army has reached "for its numbers and for the technical provision of everything necessary for the entire development of the chain." Vorogov protistated more than two hundred large divisions. Russia was getting ready to find the gate. In 1917, the 12th Russian army began to advance from the Rizkoy bridgehead, and it found the 10th Russian army, which was consumed in a catastrophic camp.
General Ludendorff, the Chief of Staff of the Nimetsky Army, that one cannot see sympathies before Mikoli II, as he wrote about the Nimechchyni camp in 1916 and about the development of Russia's efforts:
“Russia is expanding the formulation. Reorganization is patched up by her and a great priest of strength. In its divisions, the won had only 12 battalions each, and in the batteries only 6 garmat each, and from the battalions of this rank, the warrior formed new battalions.
The battles of 1916 on the Skhidny front showed the improvement of the Russian orderliness, the number of the fire-fighter supplies was increased. Russia transferred part of its factories to the Donetsk Basin, supervisingly increased their productivity.
We were thinking that the number and technical transfer of the Russian in 1917, we will see it still better, not in 1916.
Our encampment was superbly important, and there was no way out of it. About the vlastniy nastannі years bulo and dumati - all reserves are necessary for defense. Our killing was inevitable ... food was very important. Teal suffered so badly.
Prospects for Maybutn Bully are superficially gloomy. "
Moreover, as Oldenburg writes, with the initiative of the Grand Duke Mikoly Mikhailovich, a comic was started in 1916 for the preparation of the Maybut peace conference, so that it would be good for Russia. Russia was guilty of blame for Constantinople and ducts, as well as for Turkish War.
Poland was to blame for the fact that she became a member of the university in Russia. The sovereign declaring (in kіntsі breast) gr. Velepolskiy, who won’t let Poland be missed as a power with a constitution, surrounded by chambers and a powerful army (mabut, little respect for the position of the Kingdom of Poland under Oleksandr I).
Skhidna Galichina, Pivnichna Bukovina and Karpatska Rus were included to the warehouse of Russia. Transferred the root of the Czechoslovakian kingdom; On the Russian territory, shelves from full Czechs and Slovaks were already formed.
B. Brazol "Tsaryuvannya of the Emperor Mikoli II in figures and facts"
Life of the sovereign-emperor Mikoli of another kind of people and youth declining to the throne until the last days of life.
Mykola II (6 (19) May 1868 Tsarske Selo - 17 linden trees 1918, Yekaterinburg), Russian Emperor (1894-1917), senior synonym of Oleksandr III and Emperor Mary Fedorivnya, honorary member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1876).
Yogo tsaruvannya slept with a shrewd promislovo-economic development of the country. Under Mykola II, Russia became aware of the strikes in the Russian-Japanese Duma of 1904-1905; It became one of the reasons for the Revolution of 1905-1907; The Stolipinska Agrarian Reform is in progress. In 1907 Russia became a member of the Antanti, at the warehouse she joined the Persha Svitova War. Z Serpnya (5 Veresnya) 1915 p rock the upper head commander. In the course of the Lute Revolution of 1917 r 2 (15), the birch saw the throne. Development at once from the beginning. In 2000 r canonization by the Russian Orthodox Church.
Mykoli's regular homework rested, since he had reached 8 years. The initial program included an eight-course educational course and a five-course course in general sciences. The basis was the change of the program of the classic gymnasium; Deputy of Latin and Greek languages in the field of mineralogy, botany, zoology, anatomy and physiology. Courses of history, Russian literature and earthmovs were expanded. The cycle of great education, including political economy, law and justice (military law, strategy, military geography, service to the General Staff). There were also activities in voltіzhіrovka, fencing, painting, music. Oleksandr III and Marya Fedorivna were chosen by the teachers and mentors themselves. Among the others there are boules, powers and actions: K.P. Pobadonostsev, N. Kh. Bunge, M.I. Dragomirov, N.N. Obruchov, A.R.Drenteln, N.K. Girs.
From the earliest rockies Mykola 2 saw the pulls to the right: Traditions of the official middle age and the official statues were well known to the soldiers, he saw himself as a patron-mentor and did not try to cope with them, submissively enduring the inconveniences of the army's everyday life.
Immediately, the people were sent for insurance to the lists of the most guards regiments and the designations of the chief of the 65th infantry regiment of Moscow. At the pyatirichnuyu vіtsі, he was appointed chief of the Life Guards Reserve Regiment, and in 1875 he was insured to the Life Guards Erivanske Regiment. In 1875, he got his first warrant officer, and in 1880 he was promoted to a lieutenant, after 4 years he became a guarantor.
In 1884, Mikola entered the military service in the military, in 1887 he began his regular military service in the Preobrazhensky regiment and was carried out to the headquarters; in 1891 r Mikola 2 otrimav the call of the captain, and through the pik - the colonel.
20 October 1894 r Mikola in 26 years, having taken the crown in Moscow under the name of Mikoli II. On May 18, 1896, the hour of the coronation tracts of the tragedy appeared on the Khodinsky field. Yogo rule fell on the period of the sharp flaring of political struggle in the country, as well as the new political situation (Russian-Japanese war 1904-1905; Crooked week; Revolution of 1905-1907; Revolution of 1905-1907;
During the period of Tsar Mykoli 2 Russia was transformed into the agrarian-industrial land, the places grew up, there were zaliznitsy, industrial enterprises. Mykola adopted a solution aimed at economic and social modernization of the country: the introduction of a golden exchange of the ruble, a capital agrarian reform, laws on insurance of robots, the backlog of coverage, review.
Not being a reformer by nature, Mykola II was tempted to take important decisions, as they did not see any internal reconciliation. Vіn vvazhav, scho in Russia there is no time for constitution, freedom of speech, zalny vibor law. However, if the enormous ruh was stronger than the antagonism of political recollection, he signed the Manifest of 17 June 1905, voted out democratic freedom.
In 1906, the time of pratsyuvati was founded by the Tsar's Manifesto of the State Duma. For the first time in the history of the history the emperor became the rule for the manifestation of the vibrant view of the population of the representative body. Russia deed to re-become a constitutional monarchy. Ale not affectionate on the price of the emperor yak and before the volody with the magnificent possession functions: win mav the right to see the laws (in the form of decrees); to recognize the premier-ministra and ministries, those who suffer from you; start a course of new policy; having become the head of the army, the court and the earthly patron of the Russian Orthodox Church.
The specialty of Mykoli II, the main character, merit and shortcomings, were very detailed in their ratings. Bagato was meant in the sense of a simple rice and a specialty of "weak", I want it to be very happy, that the tsar seemingly awkwardly susceptible to the good of a stranger for the first time, hesitated On the vidminu of his father Oleksandr III Mykola 2, failing to cope with a strong feud. At the same time, for the guards, they knew very well the people, the winners in the cold times of the self-righteousness, as well as the time when the time came to the land of the land and the people striking tsarska otochennya). Among those occupied by the sovereign on the right, the tsars appeared "unwitting to sit" and akuratnost (win, for example, not having a special secretary and putting a friend on the leaves himself), I want, in general, the rule of the majestic heavy "heavy" heavy for nga The confederates meant that Mykola II was a chic memory, hospitable sparing, being humble, welcoming and chuyna people. At the same time, cherishing my peace, little calls, health and especially the well-being of my family.
I will support Mikoli Bula sіm'ya. The Empress Oleksandra Fedorivna (the freak of the princess Alisa of Hesse-Darmstadt) was a bully for the tsar not only as a squad, but as a friend, a lover. Zvichki, given to the cultural interest of making friends, are rich in what they are. The stench was taken by 14 leaf fall in 1894. They had five five children: Olga (1895-1918), Tetyana (1897-1918), Marya (1899-1918), Anastasia (1901-1918) and Oleksiy (1904-1918).
The fatal drama of the tsar's family of bull is tied to the sickly nevilikovnoy sina, Tsarevich Oleksiy - to hemophilia (non-coagulability of blood). The ailment of the decline to the throne zumovila appear in the royal booth of Grigoriy Rasputin, which before the creation of the monarchs became famous for the gift of transfer and likuvannya; win several times additional assistance to Tsarevich Oleksiya to overcome the ailment attack.
The turning point at the Mykoli 2 valley became 1914 rik - the ear of the First Holy Week. The tsar did not want to fail, and until the very last moment, it became uniqueness of the crooked closure. However, 19 lime trees (1 serpnya) in 1914 to the fate of Nimechchina bared the vіyna of Russia.
At the serpna (5 spring) 1915 r in the period of the victorious failures, Mykola 2 took over the viconov command (the Grand Duke Mykola Mykolajovych had previously been viconuvav posad). Now the tsar buvav in the capital of Lish Zrіdka, spending a great part of an hour at the headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief in Mogilov.
Viyna touched upon the internal problems of the country. They began to blame the tsar and th іth otochenya with the head of responsibility for failures and triviality in the campaign. Have gone to the firm, scho in the district "nesting zrada." In 1917, in 1917, the command to the tsar (spilno with the allies - England and France) prepared a plan for a general offensive, but the plan went down to the end of 1917.
In the end of the fierce 1917 r of Petrograd, a zavorushennya was born, as, not showing a serious antidia from the side of the land, through a few days they grew into a mass in the face of a series of dynasties. With the help of the tsars, it was our intention to restore order in Petrograd by force, albeit if the scale was zasuvavsya zavorushen, having seen from the minds of thought, feared the great bloodshed. The men of high rank, members of the Imperial retinue and political actors overpowered the tsar in that, for the peace of the land, the change of government is needed, the need for a vision from the throne. 2 birch 1917 in Pskov, in the saloon carriages of the imperial train, when Mikola signed an act of annihilation to the throne, transferring the power to his brother-in-law to the Grand Duke Mikhail Oleksandrovich.
9 Mikola birch 2 і Tsarska sіm'ya bouly zaareshtovanі. The first five months of the stench were passed by the guard in Tsarskoe Selo, in the sickle of 1917 they were transported to Tobolsk. At the end of 1918, the Bolshoviks transferred the Romanovs to Yekaterinburg. On November 17, 1918, in the center of Yekaterinburg, in the entrance to the Budinka Ipatyva, they were detained for a while, Mykola, the queen, five of these children and a few of them were near (all 11 without trial).
Ethnicity and youth of Mikoli the Other. Mikola Oleksandrovich - Grand Duke
Tsar Mikola Oleksandrovich Romanov was born on May 6/19, 1868 in the homeland of Tsarevich Oleksandr Oleksandrovich and Yogi squad Mary Fedorivnya was born as a primitive, who never saw the Shvid Tsaryuvannya. The boy's father is the five-tenth Russian Emperor Oleksandr Drugoy - the big-time, healthy cholovik, whose Tsaryuvannya could be three ten years, and the father - the Maybutn_ Russian Emperor Oleksandr the Third, the young man of the third, twenty-year-old, the third. The friend of Oleksandr the Third got a note: “God sent us a sina, which Mi was named Mykola. For the joy of the bully, which is impossible to see, I rushed to embrace My darling retinue, as if at once amused and happy, the bully was awful. I was crying, like a child, and it was so light on my soul, and it was good ... and then Ya. G. Bazhanov came to read prayers, and I trim My little Mikoli in my arms. " (Oleg Platonov. The serpent of the regicide. S. 85-86.)
Honestly, Tsarevich Oleksandr Oleksandrovich does not know the prophecies of the Monk Abel about His share, which is not about the share of His sine, but the stench is sealed that is in the Gatchina palace. Aleksandr Vin named His primordial woman Mykola. The Lord, for the whole message, will gladden His heart over the Tsesarevich, as “it’s impossible to get away”, let the joy and joy come to you, “it was easy on the soul and it was okay”!
People's Day on the Day of Iov Bagatostrazhdalny
The people of the Maybut Tsar Mikoli the Other became about 14.30 in the Oleksandrivskoy Palace of Tsarskoe Selo on that day, if the Orthodox Church is solemn to the memory of Saint Iov Bagatostrazhdalny. Mykola Oleksandrovych himself, and a lot of people, they gave great significance to him as Winning and provoking terrible viprobuvan.
““ Really, ”St. John Chrysostom wrote about the righteous Job,“ there is no human being, who cannot be endured by the beating cholovik, the hard one of every adamant, who has been tested with a rapt and hunger, and hunger, and ailments, and such a problem; and then, seeing the step of the guards [from their neighbors], the image of the friends, the attack from the slaves. Iov is the prototype of the guarded Savior of the world for the Church, holy saints. " For all of this country’s life didn’t go through that sinful thing, until it didn’t miss out on any word of it: they shouted the bullets of lawlessness, they sounded wrong and stung її: go out to the wickedness of God, and go out to the spirit of yogi gnaw (Iov. 4,8-9).
To my friends, they said to you: how can people be righteous before God, and how can we be clean, from women of the peoples? (Iov. 25.4) - і a lot of іnshiy podbne, holy Іov views: What to bring dogan about you? Do you think you can finish it? On the wind, start your words (Iov. 6,25-26). As a living God, having seen my right, and having confused my Almighty soul, as my soul is still in me, and the spirit of God is with my insults, I cannot tell a lie in my mouth, and my language cannot be fooled! Harrow me, God, to acknowledge you as fair docs I will not die, I am innocent (Iov. 27,2-5).
And the Lord, podbivayu pіdshok vikritіv "pious" friends, saying to one of them they called the righteous Iov: to burn My yon on you, that on two of your friends, as they said about Me not so viciously, as a slave Myov 42,7 (Iov) (I. Bo yaksho do not hurt him by destroying Bih ubo you (Iov. 42.8). Tobto vi pardon for the sake of your prayers, for you, your prayers are good for you. I went to see their wrongs and shattered so, as the Lord called him, - and the Lord (Iov. 42.9) let the sin and Iov's heart (Iov. 42.9). The І Lord turned Job to the first camp, if he prayed for his friends and the Lord gave Іov in two more than that, since he was earlier (Iov. 42, 10). Here, bachimo, in the thought of God included the important focus of the righteous Iova and the holy Tsar Mikoli the Other, including those from the elderly and loved ones, and the prayer of those who were spoken for quietly, who drew them away. And in vipadku to saints Mikolaim to Others, the Lord God letting in a prayer for all the Russian people, who, having destroyed the inn, a tribute to God in 1613, will serve the legitimate Kings from the royal house of the Romanovs by faith and justice, and have imposed a great number of oaths. Abel the mystery man straight away and conveyed: "The people will stop the fire that half ... Ale the face of the earth does not despair, as the prayer of the martyred Tsar is heavy!"
The basis of the character of the Emperor Oleksandr Oleksandrovich III is truth, honesty and straightforwardness
“Father Mykoly Tsesarevich Oleksandr і to the soul and by the callousness, it’s true Russian lyudin, gliboko vіrucha, turbotlivy cholovіk і daddy. He gave his butt to his life by giving his butt to his own otochennyu: he was not vibrant in the beggar, wearing a little clothes, not long enough, not loving roses. Oleksandr was inspired by physical strength and firmness of character, loving the truth over and over, calmly contemplating the skin right, having won miraculously simplicity in the victorious and enthralled for the beautiful everything in Russia ”. (Oleg Platonov. The Serpent of the Regicide. P. 86).
“In addition to the ceremonial and special education, Tsesarevich Oleksandr Bully was asked for this by the professors of the St. Petersburg and Moscow University of Political and Legal Sciences. After the early death of the dearly beloved older brother of the Emperor Spadkoymtsya, Tsarevich Mikoly Oleksandrovich (April 12, 1865) until the vikonannya bagatokh obov'yazkіv from the sovereign on the right, on new lay. Yak Otaman of the Cossack Vіyska, Chancellor of the Helsingfors University, Head of the last vicarious offices of the Young Vіyskovy units (including up to the command of the Vіyski District), a member of the State For the sake, the Yoi Emperor of the Visitors to the State. The prices for Russia were repaired, or else the children were filled with a lot of love, all the way to the historical Russian.
The last hour of the last Great War of Turechchinoy (1877-1878) Yogo The high degree of recognition by the commander of the Ruschun paddock, which is a gravel in a tactful manner that is very important and important for Russia. (Encyclopedia of the Russian Monarchy edited by V. Butromeev. U-Factor. Yekaterinburg. 2002).
“Oleksandr the Third became the Emperor in thirty years. There are 16 rooks of them Vin buv Tsesarevich, gotuyuchis, for the words of the daddy, "Me to intercede shokhvilini". Such a visitor has a wicked one, the middle man is entering the period of maturity. The Emperor was seen from any of his own people, but on his shoulders lay a great view of the land and the people, for which he had trimmed out before God and himself. Some important tyagar could not help but be numbered on the formulated svitoglyad Spadkoєmtsya, Yogo vchinkah, put to the point of feeling.
An intelligent psychological portrait of Oleksandr III of that period was created by Prince V.P. Meshchersky through a richly rocky period: Ale to the spiritual veneer Vin, madly, being older in a sense of life. Whole zagartuvati richly took off Yogo life in the role of the leader of the Ruschuk corral before the hour of life, de, from the time of the seven in the permanent state, Winn having survived all the enmity alone in front of Himself, and in the midst of this life 80 and 81st, if, once again, Guilt is guilty of this style of important enemies in view of the role of the glance and the participant in the course of internal politics, do not be far from waiting for the voice of directness and a healthy deafness to lead those who are make sure that Vin has made a shkidliv ...
In the basis of Yogo, the character of the mitsno bully is tied up with three head figures: truth, honesty and straightforwardness. I don’t have mercy, I’ll say that they themselves are responsible for the three main characteristics of Yogo's spiritual specialness, roaring his truly beautiful, - soon enough to penetrate into Yogo’s soul, since there’s a bully called young ...
Ale rozcharuvannya tse ... did not infuse on Yogo the spiritual specialness of the flooring, how to make Yogo against people with the armor of principled distrust, for contributing to the soul of Yogo the beginnings of apathy ... "".
“Good and turbotlivy, ale, at the same hour, possessive and intolerant to any kind of rubbing father in his homeland, the Emperor transferring the whole patriarchal father’s position to His majestic land. [Shou bagatom from Yogo otochennya, poshkodzhenogo zhidnogo vilnosti, not befitting.] Joden from the Romanovs, for the witnesses of the fellows, not referring to such a world to the traditional folk announcement about the third year of the Tsar's life. A mighty fair-bearded giant, like a temple over be NATO, Winning to the strength and happiness of Russia. Oleksandr the Third courtesy to the ancient traditions and interests of the great popularity [among the Russian people and fierce hatred among the enemies of God, among the enemies of the Anointed and among the enemies of the Russian people] ”. “Yak a politician and a sovereign child of my father Mikoli the Other, having revealed a firm will in his life, accepted solutions (rice, yaku, who gave me more, calmed down and Yogo sin).
The essence of the policy of Oleksandr III (the policy of Mikoli the Other became the continuation) can be characterized as the saving and development of Russian foundations, traditions and ideals. Given the assessment of the emperor Oleksandr the Third, the Russian historian V.O. Klyuchevsky wrote: " Science vіdvede Іmperatoru Olexandr tert nalezhne Location not tіlki in іstorії Russie i vsієї Kraina, ale i to rosіyskіy іstorіografії, say, scho Vіn zdobuv Peremoga in oblastі de nayvazhche dіstayutsya Peremohy, peremіg zabobon narodіv i CIM spriyav їhnomu zblizhennyu, pіdkoriv Gromadska sovіst have zaradi to the world and truth, a bit of goodness in the moral turn of the people, educated and given the Russian historical thought, Russian national self-confidence ". ...
Oleksandr The third mav has great physical strength. Once an hour of emergency, I’ll sip Win a day, zoom out and fall down the car until it’s quiet, while the rest of Yogo's squad and the children didn’t find themselves in safety».
I guess you told Emperor Pavel Persh the prophecy of the Monk Abel about the Emperor Oleksandr the Third, as the Emperor Himself did not know: “Your great-grandson, Oleksandr the Third, the Peacemaker of the True. Gloriously will be Tsaryuvannya Yogo. To besiege sedition cursed, light and order will restore Vin. And only a bad king will be. " “I dream of the king of the gravite. The specialty of Oleksandr the Third will help me to supervise the whole tiredness of the merits of the sovereign men. [I made a sound mind: the king, you can, and the grand retinue, ale of God-anointed "grau" The Lord God Himself!]
There were no ulyublents in the otochennі of the Emperor. Win buv as the only owner of the ruler and director, who made a visit ... [the rules for the preparation of your children before living in the Kingdom of Heaven] at one part of the Holy Land, in Yogo, Oleksandr the Third, Russian Empire. Navіt such prominent state minds, yak S. Yu. Vitte, K.P. Pobodonostsev, D.A. ... The Emperor Oleksandr the Third prynuv give a special butt to the behavior, which is considered to be true and correct for the skin of His children. The basis of Yogo ethical norms of behavior, all Yogo observers have gone from great relevance. It is unlikely that there are twelve of Oleksandr III's successors to the Russian Imperial throne. [At the same time, all the memory, for all the legitimacy of the Tsar - the anointed God, being enthralled by the Men of God, - є make sure of the believers and the most godly Christians, for the Lord God Himself has taken the shepherds of the people of the Holy, Jacob, and the earthly Church - the fall of the Church Holy, izrail, and the Lord Himself helps him to keep in the purity of his heart and lead him with wise hands (Ps. 77: 71-72).]
The Vira of the Emperor Oleksandr the Third - pure and healthy in dogmatism [more precisely: in the sense of oldness and fanaticism] - explained and defended the Russian autocracy, and the special Russian state, which is guilty of the Yakim. Viti for Oleksandr the Third Bulo is so natural, like dikhati. Win scrupulously meticulous Orthodox rituals, whether it be for worship or worship, regularly visit the Isaac and Peter and Paul Cathedral, Oleksandr-Nevsky Lavri, palace churches.
Far from all clergymen could boast of such knowledge of the subtleties of the foldable church Orthodox rite, as if the Russian Emperor arrived at an hour. ... Vera Oleksandr the Third fell into a calm, rational mind, not to tolerate sectarianism or obscurantism. The Emperor, with unaccustomed skepticism, quilted after the breakthrough of the deyakharkhiv to the power of his political infusion.
[Be the Orthodox ієrarch (from the bishop to the metropolitan and the patriarch) - a monk who is seen from the light; As a priest, be an archpriest to conceal the power of God only to shepherd spiritually, do not panic over the decline of God (1 Peter 5: 3). And to that, the patriarch (as I’m remembered for you, the ruling archpriest of the city of Moscow) is not of any pans’s power, and you cannot get involved in the righteousness of the world’s righteousness, and, however, none of the archbishops can give any pressure to the political life of the Orthodox Church. ]
When Metropolitan Philotheus of Kiev, who was likened to Ioann Chrysostom, sent a note to the Emperor on the road to Yogo [God-of-God!] [And maybe, it is necessary to reconsider the sentiments of goodness and quietness, having come up with the Orthodox ruling archpriest of the place of Moscow of greatness "Great Pan and Father of our all Russia" to replace the canonical "Holy Patriarch" at the dermal divine service, it is not once to give "prayers" (in vikritte to oneself!) for "Great Pan ...". Adzhe, hurting, God’s mind, you cannot judge the Last Judgment, like a heretic-papist!] Gliboko Orthodox Lyudin, Emperor Oleksandr The Third Spovivav Christian norms are not only with the virgin, and the dignitaries. (Nevidomy Oleksandr the Third. S. 197-198).
"I need normal, healthy Russian children"
Children in the family bulo p'yatero - Mikola (the oldest), Georgiy, Kseniya, Mikhailo and Olga. Father, having grabbed his children sleeping on simple soldiers' sleighs with hard pillows, poured cold water on them, simple porridge on the bed. Perche, who was horribly unpleasant, Mikoli's knowledge of ordinary Russian people was seen in a year by a mother-in-law. The mothers from the Russian village families vibrated and went back to the village at the end of their mission.
During the hour, the children were mowed by their mothers, taking into account the popular turnover of the Russian movement. Iak rightly said, “with the neural summ of blood in the Tsar's family, mother bully, so bi moviti, an expensive reservoir of Russian blood, as in the sight of milk poured into the life of the Romanov Budinka, and without any other important life. All the Romanovs, like the bully Russian mothers, spoke Russian with a lot of common people. So saying і (Batko Mikoli) Oleksandr the Third. If Vin did not follow himself, then in Yogo іntonatsiyah ... it was like Varlamov's rozkostim ”.
From 1876, up to ten rockies by the wriggler Mikoli Bula Oleksandra Petrivna Ollengren (in the family of Okoshnikov), daughter of the admiral, georgian cavalier, widow of a Russian officer of the Swedish field trip. The first vikhovateltsi Mikoli was entrusted with vivchit Yogo cob Russian letters, cob prayers, as well as arithmetic.
Velma is a characteristic dialogue, which became the father of Mikoli and the first hawkward (nodzhu yogo in a short wiklad):
- You are given two cottonmen, who are too early to think about the Throne, which is necessary not to let go of the hands and not to give a habits. Mayte on uvaz, scho ni I, ni the Grand Duchess does not want to robit from Them greenhouse quotes. Smells blame pustuvati in the world, grati, reading, praying good to God and not thinking about such thrones, - said Tsarevich Oleksandr.
- Your visibility! Ollengren wiggled. - Ale have little Volodymyr.
- Skіls youmu? - having powered Spadkoєmets.
- Eight rik.
- Yakraz is the same age as Nika. Don't bother to wiggle at once with my children, - having said to Spadkoєmets, - I will not be separated from you, I will be more cheerful. All of them are cottony.
- Ale have a new character, Your Visibility.
- Yaky character?
- zabiyakuvatiy, Your Visibility ... [In the words of tsy Volodymyr: “Up to seven rockies have gone from me to that type of high-street boy, which in Paris sounds like“ gamen ”. ... With my head turbo boo - covet the call of the "first strongman" on the Pskov street [near St. Petersburg]. The ringing, as vіdomo in cotton stakes of all earthly kulі, to play in non-vinous battles and feats, close to Vіyskovs. And to that sync and lіkhtarі bouly, to the zhahu of my mother, by the permanent signs of my insights. " Yak bachimo, behind the word "fighter", the character of the high school "Shibaygolov" of the peters' suburbs is shown.]
- Durnitsi, sweetheart. Tse - to the first zdachі. I may not be the angels of heaven. Їх twoє. With the help of Vony's forces, you can bring your hero to the Christian virginity. Chi is not sour crumbled. Vivchayte garnenko cotton, do not give indulgences, energize according to all the severity of the laws, as do not laugh at the line especially. Yaksho, the addresses are right up to me, but I know that it needs to be robbed. I repeat, I don’t need any money. I need normal, healthy Russian children. Fight - be weasel. Ale to the donoschik - the first batig. Tse same Moє persha vimoga. Do you see me?
- Zrozumila, your Imperatorska Visokist. From the very dynasty of the Maybut Tsar Mykola II, he wished in his own great religious sense and incomparable piety. The hlopets were not covered by the previous church services, as in the palace they were strictly and cleanly. Ditina with all her soul lived through the torments of the Savior and with the child's safety, as if I could help Youmu. Waving at once with Mikola sin A. P. Ollengren, for example, zgaduvav, like the rank of the Shroud of the Shroud on Strasna P'yatnytsya, the tract and sorrowful, hostile to Mikoli. Winning for the whole day becoming sorrowful and driving and asking for help, as the evil high priests tortured the good Savior. [At the birch tree of 1917, the high priests of the Russian Orthodox Church bully in the first ranks annoyed the Anointed Tsar Mikoli the Other.] And at night, having lost one in the bedchamber, three of them (Mikola, Yogo brother George and sin Ollengren Volodya - OP) shattered plans for the order of Christ. Especially Mikola II hated Pilate, as a moment vryatuvati Yogo and not vryatuvav. I remember, I already dozed off, if Mykola went to my bed, crying, mournfully saying: My God. Does Yogo's stink hurt so much? I can’t forget Yogo of the great, damaged eyes ”.
At the children and youth of Mykola, 2 slept on a high school sleeper with a simple mattress. Significant part of the hour Vіn spending on every day, going in for sports. To navi in a cold season rock, sob zagartuvati sina, Batko napolyagav on walks. Crumpled little kids іgri zahochuvali, physical robot in the garden. Mykola and іnshі children of Tsarevich Oleksandr often saw a bird's yard, a greenhouse, a farm, and worked in a zvіrintsi. They gave them birds, geese, rabbits, lead them, they kept an eye on them. Birds constantly lived in the children's rooms - snigur, papuga, canary, which children were taken with them, if they drove to Gatchina.
From 1876 to 1879 Mikola completed all the subjects for the program to go to school. To reconsider the knowledge of Mikoli, Bula selected a special committee, yak ruled yom іspit. The committee has become even more satisfied with the successes of the decimal boy. For a further advancement of his son Tsesarevich Oleksandr, having asked General-Ad'utant G.G. Danilovich, who at his hearing was Vibra Mikola, who read the Law of God, Russian language, mathematics, geography, history, French and foreign affairs.
Vmіti strimuvatisya ... viconati svіy obovyazok ... love ordinary people ... - the main rice of Tsarevich Mikoli
Ditina Ris is quiet and thoughtful. From the early rocky, it is already known in a new basic figure of Yogo character, and - the first for everything - self-possession. “Buvalo, the great hour of welding with brothers or comrades of the child igors, - Yogo's head K.I. Hiss (Heath), - Mikola Oleksandrovich, schob utrimatisya like a sharp word abo ruku, a handful of ishov in the room, grabbing a book and, only calmly, turning to curvatures and knowingly grabbing for a load.
First of all rice: a little bit of a binding. Little guy to learn lessons from diligence; read Vin bagato, especially those who are afraid of folk life. Love to His people ... Axis, about Win zavzhdi mriє. Once, Vin reads with his thief Hysom one of the episodes of the history of England, in which King John's trip is described, for loving the people, and for which NATO was flooded with shouts: "Hai live the king of the people!" The boy’s eyes flashed, Winn’s all his heart out of hvilyuvannya and viguknuv: "Ah, the axis I want to be like this!"
Vmіti streimuvatisya ... flyworms come ... viconati Svіy borg ... love common people ... The boy's rice is known and the whole Emperor Mikola the Other.
A little behind the character Svoєmu boy, and then a young man, a young man, a distant look of gloomy confusion; in New to burn the warrior of the new and safe fun, like, year, under the grip of the heavy burden of power, turboboots and grief, wretchedness and mindlessness to show oneself in a quiet humor, in a smile, in a good-natured heat.
Vikoristovuvan literature:
Marvel at the prophecy of the Monk Abel the Mysterious Razdili 2.1.
Tsarsky zbirka. Ukladachi S. and T. Fomin. Service. Akafisti. Misatseslov. Commemoration. Pray for the King. Coronation. View of the Pilgrim. 2000. [lower - Tsarsky zbirka.] S. 414.
I absolutely respect those who are on the icon of the Holy Tsar-Savior Mikoli the Other on the retinue, like the trim of the Tsar in His hands, the very words of blessing.
The prophecy of the Monk Abel the Tainovid is given in section 2.1.
O. Barkovets, A. Krilov-Tolstikovich. Nevidomy Oleksandr the Third. RIPOL CLASSIC. M. 2002. [lower - Nevidomy Oleksandr the Third.] Pp. 106-107.
Mikola Romanov. Sidelines of life. Ukladachi N. Yu. Shelauv and іnshi. "Faces of Russia". SPb. 2001. [Nizhche - Storinki of life.] P. 8.
Oleg Platonov. Thorns of Russia. Mikola Drugiy in a secret listing. Dzherelo. M. 1996. [lower - O. Platonov. Mikola the Other in a secret listing.] Pp. 10-11.
For this reason, an Orthodox priest (from a simple priest to a holy patriarch) cannot bear the title of our Great Pan and our Father. As soon as there is a priest who is magnified by the Great Pan, then there is a voice that declares to the Lord and the coming Tsar, who will be able to be found in the religion of papism, as it is for the Catholics, as the Great Pan is to shake the Pope of Rome.
The orderly R.S. pointed out a fragment of chapter 14 of the book by Oleg Platonov "The Serpent of the Regicides".
Sealing wax І. The dignity of Emperor Mikoli II. Paris, b / g. S. 138-139.
At the same time with Mikola, his brother George appeared.
Illia sealing wax. The dignity of the Emperor Mikoli the Other. Tsarske on the right. S-Pb. 1999.S. 11-13.
Babkin Mikhailo Anatoliyovich - Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Vice-President of the Pivdenno-Ural State University. At the journals of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Nutrition of History" (No. 6 2003 No. 2-5 2004 No. 2 2005) and "Vitchiznyana History" (No. 3 2005). And also in the book "Russian clergy and the development of the monarchy in 1917" (Materials and archival documents from the history of the Russian Orthodox Church. a cob of birch trees in the middle of a lime tree 1917 rock. Behind him, it is possible to declare about the establishment of the clergy before the fall of the monarchy in Russia, the establishment of the authority of the Timchasoviy district and its іth dіyalnosti ". Ale najvazhlivishe, it is even more effective to document the easy and middle steps of the spiritual development of Orthodox Christians, the press of papism!
Sealing wax І. The dignity of the Emperor Mikoli II. Paris, b / g. S. 108.
The orderly R.S. pointed out a fragment of the 1st chapter from the book of I. P. nibito "Emperor Mikola Another and Revolution".
Pislya vbivstva Dida Mykola Oleksandrovich became Spadkoєmtsom to the Throne of the Russian Empire.
Oleksandr the Other, born and loved by Mykoly the Other, who was readily beaten by Oleksandr the Other (1818-1881), who escaped in the same age state acts of Russia in the XIX century.
The most significant right of the Yogi rule was the signing of Manifestus of the 19th fierce 1861 about the cryptic right of some Orthodox Christians over the others.
Meals, like the winnick for the hour of Boris Godunov’s rule, which covered all the Tsars and Emperors from the royal house of the Romanovs, and all Yogi intercessors, who had the permission of the Emperor, were in the wrong.
Holy evil, with the hands of spiritually promising Russian intellectuals, a half-educated person, against the love of the God-shaped Russian people from the fortune-telled by such zhakhliv evil - by driving the Father of the great Russian people.
“The prophecy of the trail has become a tamniche, having once prophesied to Oleksandr the Other, so that Win survived this swing at his life. The tragedy became an important milestone in the development of Mikolai's specialness and character ”.
Kinets of the turbulent dynasty of Tsarevich Mikoli
Ale tse bulo is an important milestone for all people. I earlier, in public, they drove kings and kings, ale their anointed ones, for the sins of His vibrant Russian people, the Lord God allowing them to drive in only there.
I want the Emperor Pavlo Pershy (at 11 birch at 11 birch - on Sofroniya Urusalimskogo in 1801 rotsi), take the "guards" officers, take the "guard" officers;
And then the artists all the time make up for the fact that the evil of the English proclamation had opened up with the hands of the Russian zradniki and God, and the Tsar, and the Vіtchizni. The hammering was bared by death as an apoplectic stroke, so that blood develops quickly into the brain, nibito - death is natural. Otzhe, “Mikoli's carefree dignity ended on the 1st birch tree of 1881 to rock.
It’s a whole day of thirteen-year-old lad, stuck with a terrible evil, and hit Yogi with zhakhlivaya zhorstkistyu - by driving Dida - Emperor Oleksandr Other by the political bandits. The Zlochintsi threw bombs at the Emperor [anointing God !!!], seriously injuring Yogo. Oleksandr the Drugoy was brought to the Winter Palace after spilling blood, with broken legs. " (Oleg Platonov. The Serpent of the Regicide. S. 89).
We will guess the prophecy told to the Emperor Pavel Pershom, by the Reverend Abel about the Emperor Oleksandr the Other, like Oleksandr the Other Himself, who did not know: “Onuk Tvii, Oleksandr the Other, the predestined Tsar-Visvolitel. Your idea of the viconies will be: crypak Win freedom to give, and when the Turks wake up and words, they can ring out from the yoke of the neural. Do not try the Yidi Youmu great days, fall in love with Nyogo, take in the middle of a clear day in the capital of the world with his hands. Yak and Ti, the feat of His servant is to represent Win with the royal blood, and on the blood the Temple will be built. "
The very Emperor Oleksandr the Other, having reworked the bedroom in Budinka "Temple on the Blood", was killed by Emperor Pavlo Pershy as a result of the snake, planned in the English embassy, but with the hands of the Russian officials, who took their righteous From the window to the "Temple on the Blood" behind the trees in the park of the Russian Museum, one can clearly see the "Temple on the Blood" - the Church of the Resurrection of Christ - "Savior on the Blood", prompted on the place by de Emperor Oleksandr Another boulevard of mortally wounded in 1881.
Yak and having transferred Abel the secret man, they didn’t punch "the Jews of Youmu great deeds, fall in love with Nyogo" they ruled, and from the eighth they hammered "the middle of a clear day in the capital of the whistle-blowing hands".
Already on the 2nd birch of 1881, on the suspicious stay of the city council, the city council asked the Emperor Oleksandr III "to allow the local community administration to build ... a little chapel on the spot, or a memorial." The Emperor says: "bazhano bulo b mother church ... and not a drop." However, they watched for a time. Already in the morning the chapel of the bulwark was built. Today in the chapel, panakhids were served in memory of the driven in Emperor Oleksandr the Other. Tsia chapel stood on the embankment until the spring of 1883, while the bule was moved to the Konyushennaya square in conjunction with the ear of the cathedral. Emperor Oleksandr the Third Visloviv pobazhannya, schob temple bouv in the style of Russian churches XVI-XVII century. Naturally, the bazhannya of the Emperor became an obovyazkovaya mind. At the time of 1883, the urochist saw the foundation of the temple. The music was played on 24 rockets. On the day of the construction of the memorial church, the state saw 3 million 600 thousand thousand rubles for the koshtoris. Ruble in average. Tse buv majesty for those few pennies. However, the actual participation of the budget has surpassed the cost of 1 million rubles. Tsarska Sim'ya contributed a whole million rubles to the building of the memorial church. August 19 / Sunday 1, 1907 Cathedral of the Resurrection of the blessing.
"Together with his young brother Georgiyem Mykola, I will be present at the death of His Father." My Batko pidviv me to the lid, - zgaduvav piznish left [for the present moment] the autocrat. - “Daddy, having said Vin, pidvishuchi voice,“ Your promin 'sontsya ”here“. I shake my head off, blakitny eyes of My Dida saw, Win was laughing. Win waving his finger, win didn’t think to lift his hand, nor say those who wanted, ala win madly for me ... " Sovereign Mikola II remembered that day and not ... "(Pavlov. Yogo the Greatness of Sovereign Mikola the Other. P. 47).]
Relive the shock that was surplus in Mikoli's memory right up to the rest of the days of Yogi life, Winning about a new journey to distant Tobolsk. “... Richnitsa of the death of Apap (Oleksandr the Other. - Auth.), - it is written in the birch tree of 1918. - About 2 years we had a Panahida served. The weather was the same, like Todi, - frosty and sleepy ... "
In 1881, Mikola, holding out two times a day, came to the Panakhidi tract in the Winter Palace at once with an effort. On the eighth day early, [the bent anointing of God] was urochistically transferred to the Peter and Paul Cathedral. Russian people could say goodbye to the Tsar-Visvolitel, the Tsar-great martyr, who found a way behind all the main streets of the capital, at once from the viconav and Mikola.
The imprisonment of Dida changed the political camp and [status] of Mikoli. The simple Grand Duke Win became Spadekomtsem to the Throne of the Russian Empire We embrace the majestic view before the land [and before the earthly Church of Christ, like the Spadkoemets Throne of David].
Through several years of the death of Oleksandr the Other, the Vyyshov Nayvish Manifest, in which he said: “It is deafening to all our venerable people: the Lord God is delighted in the inability of His way to defeat Russia with a fatal blow to the good fortune Іmp. Oleksandr II. Vіn zaginuvіd vіd sacrilegious hands vbivts, more than once robbed a swing at Yogo expensive life. The stench encroached on a lot of expensive living things that were a stronghold and a stronghold of the greatness of Russia and the prosperity of the Russian people. Resign yourself before the ministries of the Divine Providence and until the All-Lord blessing for the rest of the pure soul of our departed Old Man, We join our great Throne of the Russian Empire ...
Having borne a heavy burden, God pokladaayutsya on Us, with firm support on Yogo almighty help. Let the Lord bless Our Fathers for the good of Our Life and so direct our Victory for the happiness of all Our victories.
Repeating our sacred Father before the Lord God for her to sacrifice to the commandment of our ancestors all life to our ancestors, may be and glory to Russia, and we call on our prayers to all our ancestors. vіrnostі to Us and Spadkoєmtsevі to our, Yogo Іmp. Vis. To the Tsarevich Grand Duke Mikoly Oleksandrovich “.
[The guidance of the text from Manifest gives the opportunity to patronize the Orthodox Christians, that all those who believe in God, who see the Tsar-God-anointed, converted by God Himself on the Tsarskoe ministry, as the president, converted by people. Besides, the Russian Tsar pragmatically straighten out all the forces of Your “oblastuvannya happiness to all your virginal people”, and not just Russian people. The atheist can, in the induced text, poke around as bezzmistnost, from the point of view, incantation and beastfulness to God, to pacify Oleksandr the Third to reassure all the suspicion for managing the state of affairs for lack of intelligence. For such atheists, God scared or punished І m, "the institute of monarchy in a bitter light is deprived of historical and sentimental significance." However, it is possible to kill for those who are sanctified with holy evil, so pray for them to God, granting Vin “as death, then mittuvoy”, more beautifully, since everything is possible, then giving bi Vin I want a rose of Christ!]
For father Mikoly on the ground, Dida's death became an unforgiving spiritual early. It was not at all intelligence that they raised their hand to the Emperor, who became famous in the Russian people for fairness, kindness and longevity, for sounding crises, that the authority has confirmed the voice of the court and self-defense. Along with that, Mykola will begin to learn that far from all the gifts of Russia I want to serve the good of my Fatherland, but not all those who are born, I will appear, in Russia, to the anointing of God, to come light evil and hell]. Against Holy Russia and the Russian sovereign and suspicious, dark godless forces arose, about the discovery of some lads at their own time, the mentor of Yogo was told by the Law of God.
Mykoly's testimony also included the intelligence of what was destroyed most in the sovereign life of Russia - the traditional spiritual, patriarchal communication between the Tsar and the Russian people. " It began to sound zealous on the 1st birch tree of 1881, the fate of the Russian tsar Nicholas could no longer be put up to His poddanim with a borderless dovіroy. It is not possible, having forgotten the tsarist rule, in general there will be great powers.
Primary course of the school and university, from warrant officer to colonel
The Tsarevich “Mykola will have a troch of middle age, physically good accusations and vitrifying - the result of a father’s vyshkola and a ringtone to physical pratsi, which Vin wants to giblets, ale, takes care of all life.
Tsar mav "vidkrite, priєmne, a thoroughbred denouncing." Everyone knew the Tsar both in his youth, and in adulthood, in the sense of his divine eyes, so miraculously transferred from the home of the portrait of V. Surov. The stench is wicked and we will change, we want to hide the haze and lack of care in them.
Mykoly II was celebrated with a special test of the Yogo Father, on the traditional religious basis in the Spartan minds "." Oskilki Mikola to the people of his own, having been appointed to the maybut of the supreme power, to the Yogi and the sanctification of the beast, I will respect.
Yogo systematic navchannya appeared at the eight-line mission for a special program, broken up by General-Ad'yutant G. G. Danilovich, who had tied the goiters here and watched Mikoli's new chiefs. The program was divided into two parts.
Insurances on the whole rocky outward educational course in the outward rice in the course of the grammar school, I would like to see the sutta. Old-time [classical] movi - walnut and latina - boules viklyucheni, and they were replaced by the Tsarevich in an extended discussion of political history, Russian literature, geography, elementary bases of minerology and biology. I especially respect in the first ever rocky navkannya I came to occupy the occasional European movs.
Mykola thoroughly opanuvav in English, French, Nimets, and Danish, in a better way.
Winning from childhood has fallen in love with historical and artistic literature, having read it as a Russian one, as well as on foreign languages, and as if known as “as if it were a private person, then having appropriated it to be a historical person”. Years later, Yogo literary likeness emerged: Tsarevich Mykola was happy with the beast to Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, loving Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov ... "
A great course of education, “the coming five rockies were assigned to the vivchenny of the right, legal and economic sciences, which are necessary for a sovereign person. Vikladannya of the cikh sciences was conducted by prominent Russian scholars to the saints: [presbyter] Yanishev I. L. conferred with canon law at the link with the history of the church, the most important of the theologians and the history of religion ”; "HER. Zamyslovskiy Vіv Political History; professor-economist, minister of finance in 1881-1889 rocks and head of the committee of ministers in 1887-1895 rocks N. Kh. Bunge Vikladav - statistics and politics [financial law]; Minister of the Transcord of Russia in 1882-1895 NK Girs, introducing the Tsarevich into the fold of the European international affairs; Academician N.N. Beketov giving a course in home chemistry. Professor and Corresponding Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ... General of the Information Society G.A. Viyskiy Engineer General Ts. A. Kui ... having taken the fortification work. Read the history of the Vijskogo mystery by A.K. Puzirevsky. Tsey a number of added professors of the Academy of the General Staff, Generals M.I. Dragomirov, N.N. Obruchov, P.K.Gudima-Levkovich, P.L. Lobko and іnshi. The role of the spiritual and ideological mentor of the Tsarevich was unspiritualized by K.P. Pobedonostsev, a large legal scholar, who read the course of law in Mykola, the state, civil and criminal law.
Tsesarevich Mikola is busy. Up to fifteen years of life, more than 30 lessons per day, do not spend the days of self-preparation. In the process of navchannya mentors could not give Yoma marks for success and didn’t ask you to feed with knowledge, but in general, the enemy was very friendly. Mykola was driven by diligence, pedantry and natural aptitude. Winning respectfully hearing and being diligent. ... Spadkoєmets, like all the children of Oleksandr the Third, remembering a miracle. It is easy to forget it if you feel it or read it. That was the beginning of the close-minded entertainment with the people (and there are thousands of such events in Yogo life), and it’s not just the memory of a spy, ale and yogi wik, walking and service experience. Vlastivy Mykolі natural tact and delicacy robbed us of him. " (Sidelines of life. 12-13).
“Having learned in practice from the military service and the order of the military service, father directing Yogo to the military battle. Mykola will serve two times in the ranks of the Preobrazhensky regiment; For two summer seasons Tsarevich Mykola served in the ranks of the cavalry hussar regiment as a platoon officer, and then as a squadron commander. I, nareshty, maybutniy Іmperator to hold one taberniy zbir in the ranks of the artillery. " Winning off the office of the officer, he repaired the warrant officer, and lastly took over from the prisoners.
“For the saints of fellow officers, Yogo was loved in the guards regiments, by the way, the divine parity and goodness of the men with fellow officers, right from the ranks and rank. The Tsarevich is not known to the number of quiet ones who were licked by the difficult obscene life. Buv vitrified, mіtsny, unvibaglivy in bout and in a fair way loving the army. ...
Vіys'kova kar'єra Mykoli reached her summit on the 6th serpnya in 1892, if Win was promoted to colonel. After the immediate death of Oleksandr the Third, Yogo Sinovi was not judged to be a general of the Russian army, like all Yogo followers on the Throne and most of the Great Dukes. The Emperors did not give the title to the Sobi themselves ... “Ale of the general's title, Yomu Buli, was appropriated in the armies of the allies.
The tsarevich's virtue was interconnected by the service of the Tsarevich. Parallel to Batko, introduce Yogo into the course of the administration of the land, asking the brothers to participate in the affairs of the State for the sake of the committee of ministries.
“Until 21, Mikola has become a highly educated people with a wide outlook, knows very well the Russian history and literature, Volodya has thoroughly studied the main European moves .... ruling class that hour. Oleksandr the Third Zumiv to pinch His Sine without love to Russia, considering the promise of a share. [All this gave You the ability to bear the christening of the saved feat, to Jesus Christ in likeness!] The thought of Mikola's childhood has become close, and Yoi is not recognized for it - to follow the Russian Orthodox, spiritual foundations, traditions and ideals. (Oleg Platonov. The serpent of the regicide. S. 94.)
Wonderful little family of the Tsar's family in Birki
June 17, 1888 Tsesarevich Mykola saw a terrible shock. On the whole day of the Borka station, before the hour of the big catastrophe, the whole Tsarska Sim'ya could have taken over. If the Tsarsky poizd passed through a large beam, the sledding of a series of carriages on the back of the road went into the pit.
Tsarska Sіm'ya at the time of the accident passed into the wagon-ad. A dream come true before the end, if everyone saw it as scary as it was. The catastrophe is small for three points. Two shipment, and in less than a second, the wall of the carriage began to expand.
The Gromadyanin newspaper wrote about the axis at that hour: “ Zupinka went for the first shipment.
Another shipment, by force of energy, will vibrate the bottom of the carriage. All fell on a rampage. Let's take a third moment, the most awful one: the walls of the carriage went towards the door and started to fall inward.
The whole journey has been going far in the direction and breaking into other parts. Dah, then it was turned up and turned to the side, and the wagon's surplus crept up. By the ulamki, zhavalosya, the bula was taken over by Tsarska Sіm'ya.
Ale the Lord has shown a great miracle. Tsar, Tsaritsa and Tsarski Children will be saved for the Victory by the divine of the All-Lord.
Dah leaned on them obliquely, the eyewitness of Zichi, who was in the carriage, roared out.
“Between the wall of the carriage and the doorway of the buv otvir, through the yake and the exit. Countess Kutuzova followed me. Sovereign Empress was wiped out from the end of the car. At the Sovereign Emperor, we will appear by flattening the middle cigarette case, from the right side in the chisel».
Behind the words of the eyewitness, the scene of the catastrophe presented a frenzied picture. Kitchen wagon zletіv pіd ukіs.
The dakh of the іnshogo, ministersky, carriage is carried to the lake. First chotiri wagons will bully kupu trisok, sip and zaliza. The locomotive, unshkodzheniy, standing on the highway, ale the rear wheels slipped into the ground, zіyshovshi from the rail.
Another locomotive clung to the crack. In Oleksandr III's eyes, the pictures of catastrophe appeared on the eyes.
Little by little, around the Tsar, the retinue began to group up, and everything alive and stayed. With the help of evidence of the collapse of the bully, the soldiers of the Penza infantry regiment, who were standing in the lance in the middle of the world, were in the zhahu of the soldiers of the Penza infantry regiment. Having poured away, so dumb no power, I would help the tormented forces and with a broken train, the Emperor ordered the soldiers to shoot. The triviality was resigned. All along the line the soldiers were scared; with them appeared the license of the Penza regiment; They appeared to be tied up, I want it in a wretched amount.
Bula sloota, ishov dibny, cold boards with pamorozu. The sovereign was in one platy, having suffered greatly at the time of the catastrophe. Without knowing anything with my hands, they put an officer's coat on their shoulders. At the first moment, they were busy with generals at the mission, they tried to help them as much as they could, they robbed their skin of their order, and a little bit galvanized the backward march to get help. Bachachi tse, the Sovereign, taking on the order of the order for additional help. "
In 1889, the Sovereign initiated the commission of Mikoli to become a robot in the power bodies, asking the brothers to participate in the employment of the State For the sake of the Committee of the Ministry. Oleksandr III created a practical lighting program for Sina to get acquainted with the Russian regions.
For tso Spadkoєmets supervodzhuvav His Father in numerous trips around the country. [“Yak completion of His sanctuary Mykola Another trip around the world. For nine months, Win has traveled through Austria, Troy, Greece, Egypt, India, China, Japan, and went on a dry road through Siberia.]
In Vladivostok, Win took part in the development of the Siberian land, on the foundation of the dock and monument to Admiral Nevelskoy.
At Khabarovsk Spadkoєmets there is a presence at the consecrated monument to Muravyov-Amurskiy. Through Irkutsk, Tobolsk, Yekaterinburg Mikola turned to Tsarskoe Selo zmuzhnіlim і okrіpnuv. Far away from Batkiv Win 9 months (from 23 October 1890 to 4 sickles of 1891), traversed a road 35 thousand versts.
Pislya such a school of life, yaku passed an hour around the world, Spadkoomets, Oleksandr III, who will help you more seriously, please. Mykola made a sign of the head of the committee of the Siberian road ... The committee chose to donate more than 13 million rubles to raise money for hungry villagers.
Krym robots in cikh committees, Mykola is constantly asked to stay in other state institutions, de it is practical to know about the science of governing the great land.
"Oh, Ty, Heavenly Obranets, about, the great redeemer, you are all"!
Duzhe tsіkava and a lot I will explain і in the vchinka of Tsar Mikoli of the Other at the hour of Yogo Tsaryuvannya, and in the Russian days of 1917, the prophesied, in the name of the bishop (that is, the day of the Proto-Romanian)
[The prophecy of the prophecy about the ostentatiously grandiose role of the Holy Tsar, toddler the Tsarevich, Mikoli, is in the share of the Russian people, in the hands of the Russian people, in the shift of good over evil.]
A). All Buddhism, in particular the Buddhist clergymen, having shielded themselves in front of the Tsarevich
“Our martyred and murdered Emperor Nikolai Alexandrovich, who was still Spadkoems, [in April 1891] went to Japan. Tse tsikave Yogo float is described by Prince Ukhtomsky in his two-volume pratsi. Let the Lord bless me, the Lord, tell you, my dear, about the tsikavii and the extremely important, altogether few people see, the side of the life of the Tsar-Savior is persh, we can begin to pray for Nyogo. [It’s right, I’ll go back to prayer until Nyogo!] For the hour of the price, I will pay respect to the temple, even the historian, the participant of the rise, - received these special signs of chanting and honors, as they were the Buddhist clergymen who served as Buddhist Cesarevich It’s not just honors, but Spadkoєmtsev hopes to see the Throne of the Great Power, - in particular, all of Buddhism has gone out of his way before the Tsarevich. [Do not preach Orthodoxy by Tsesarevich Mikoly Oleksandrovich, but Buddhism - the realization of the omnipotence of Jesus Christ!]
Once, one of the thoughtful companions of the Tsarevich rightly respected, that the skin of such a zestrich bore the character of an unreasonable taunny cult, bent before his entreaties, from the will of Heaven, to earth with a special mission. At the entrance of the Tsarevich into the temple, Buddhist clergy fell down in front of Him, and if Win and Podnimav, marveled at Nyogo with reverence and trembling, cleanly, ice-hopping Yogo, led Yogo into the sanctuary of his temple.
As soon as they wanted to follow the Tsarevich, they would not let him in. Once Prince Georgy Gretsky had tried to kill him like that, the ale lami blocked the way.
[Here the words of the Apostle Paul are hidden: if you hear not the Law just before God, albeit the viconavtsi the Law will be true, if there are trash, how not to defy the Law, from nature, to make lawful, stench, not defying the Law, the law itself: to show the stench, from the right the law is written in their hearts, how to bring them together and their thoughts (Rom. 2: 13-15).
Buddhists - tse і є trash, so do not conceal the Law of Christ, albeit for their nature, having purified their hearts from earthly addictions to see the moral laws, they can know the Truth, how to appear in their hearts! Even Jesus Christ Himself said about such languages: Blessed are clean in heart, for the stench to beat God (Matt. 5.8).
І Buddhists pacified the earthly God - the Tsar-Savior, for having received, Christ in the likeness and glory of Christ, the conciliarity of sainthood, the thoroughness of Yogo piddanimi; the stench of the earthly people, in which saints a feat in likened to the most important feat of Jesus Christ - in likened to Him is a peaceful feat.
On a supply of food, for which the Lord saw the Buddhists, and when he saw the “Orthodox” “ascetics”, he saw at once with the Apostle Paul: and not with the heart ”(2 Cor. 5:12).
And about the "Orthodox" Christians, who disdained and blasphemed the holy Tsar Mikoli the Other, Jesus Christ, say: people come close to Me with their lips, and shake Me, the heart is far from Me; That, however, is a head-spinner for Me, more to learn the sciences of human commandments and wisdom of people (Matthew 15.8-9). The axis is one of such human wisdom: "The Priesthood of the Kingdom!" Why would it be so ???
And the Lord will explain why the stench thinks so, tse їkh Vin vikrivaє: wipe your heart (Mk. 8:17), because the Spirit of the Holy does not penetrate into such a heart and does not cleanse every kind of human wisdom. Yaksho g hto gadaє, wіn godmother, і I don’t speak of my own language about the anointed of God, that deceives my heart with her bundle-ness, that Marn has wіr (Yak. 1.26).
The rite of holiness "Tsar-redeemer" is shown, having said Jesus Christ: Oh, mad baked heart, you must believe everything, for what the Prophets said! (Luke 24.25) The heart of the people was filled with cichus and the grievances of their ears were heavy, but their eyes were crushed, if they did not touch their eyes and did not feel them with vuhs, and they did not sound with their hearts, and they didn’t come back, I didn’t feel them (Matt. 13, 15; Diyan. 28, 27) from the Aresi of regency, from the non-Orthodox reasoning of the dogmas of the ikonoshanuvannya and Spookuti. Firm People with heart and vuh are uneducated! Be sure to resist the Holy Spirit, like your daddy, so and vi (Dian. 7.51).
To all the priests and evil villains of the Tsar's power, the brother of the Lord, the Apostle Yakiv, is an insistent joy to all the priests and the evil ones of the Tsar's power: as if in your heart you can give me heart to the masters of the power of the anointed of God; . 3.14).
It is said about them: it was a habit to lie on your heart (2 Cor. 3:15), and your eyes are reminiscent of love and blamelessness; the stink of the soul of peace; a stench brought to the heart, a stench, cursed children (2 Peter 2.14).
Through the tse, I have spoken to the other side and said: the stench Continuously stench with the heart, the stench did not know my way, to that I swear by the stench of my own, but I will not enter the stench (Hevr. 3, 10-11).]
B). "No blessed sacrifice of Thy for all Thy people"!
In Japan, Spadko-Omtsev Tsesarevich had a chance to see on one island the tsvintars of our sailors from the frigate "Askold"
At the retinue of the Tsarevich there were two blue officers from "Askold" - Ukhtomsky and Yeristov. Spadkoєmets enchanted with His caress and respect the old Japanese, who sealed the graves of our sailors. For an hour, partying in a purely Japanese dance and style of wine, asking Spadkoєmts about the grace of the date Yomu is glad to see the Visok separate the food. - A visitor to visit our sacred ancient capital of Kyoto, - a Japanese, keeper of the graves of Russian sailors, - not far from the rest of the work is our visitor, the monk Terakuto, I will look at the sight of the people of the city. For a new dumb hour and wines, there are only signs of terms. Win not to love to re-privatize his watchful decision and to whom to go. Yaksho Kingdoms podorozhnіy pobazha yogo bachiti, win to Nyogo viyde, as for those who will be blessed by Heaven.
At the civil plate, in the supervisor of Prince George of Greece and the transfer - the mark of this, a prominent figure in Japan, Spadkoomets Tsesarevich rushed up to Terakuto, now he is alive in one of the cities around Kyoto. Spadekoєmets has healed і dbayliv having gone out of the earth. Nichto not vimoviv no words, check, well, say the self. Be amazed by the blind eyes, yak bi, seeing from the earthly earth, speaking Terakuto:
Oh, Ty, Heavenly Obranets, pro, great redeemer, should I proclaim the secret place of Thy earthly butt? You are all. There is no deceit, I will not step in my mouth before the All-Lord. And the first axis of this is the banner: there is a need for vitality over your head, even death will enter, and the reed will be stronger than the sword ... and the reed will be blinded. Two victories were judged Tobi, Tsarevich: earthly and heavenly. The grace of self-colored stones on the crown of Your, Vladiko mighty Power, albeit the glory of light passes and darkening stones on the earthly day, and the day of heaven's transition to the world. The descent of the ancestors of your call to you to the sacred bond. Х voice in Your blood. Smell live in Tobi, many of them are great and lovers, but from them you will be the greatest and most lovable.
Great sorrows and shaking checks to You and Your land. You will fight for ALL, and EVERYTHING will be against You. At the edge of the inessential bloom of garnie, the ale of it is smoldering; children are torn to the office and fall into timelessness, as if they could not hear Father. Blessed is that I put my soul for my friends. Three blessed ones, how much will you pay for your enemies. Alee dumb blessed sacrifice of Thy for all Thy people. [Tobto nіkhto from earthly people can’t і don’t mother the feat of the holy Tsar Mikoli!] Nastane, that Ti is alive, but the people of the dead, are not awake: the people of hiding, but (Ti) of holy and immortality. Thy goodness against malice is lagging, against the image - forgiveness. First friends and enemies will be enslaved before You, enemies and Your people will be tormented. [Leave for another three hours, the enemies of the God-bearing Russian people can still try to keep their souls and become friends and allies of the Russian people against the backs of the world! All that come with light, take Russian.
Alekhto with a sword will come to Russia, that kind of sword and zagine! Tse vidbuvaєtsya through one single reason: with us, with the Russians, God, and to that three people and obey! And remember, talking about the Jewish yoke to the Emperor Pavel Pershoy Abel the mystery man: “Don’t scold, Father Tsar, the christobiytsi carry their way.”
Turn to the winds of the ancient life of his own, to the hours of the Holy Apostles, the mind-mind is drawn to a bloody battle [we twist with the scourge of the Jewish yoke!]. ... A large share has been assigned to Russia. [Tim is the enemies of God so and hate everything in Russia; everything that is tied by Russia; all that shit about the heroic past and about the great greats! That is not to blame for forgetting his Russian dedication, his service to God!] To the one who suffered, won’t be cleansed and burned light on the enlightenment of the people ... Bachu no sacred warriors in the veterans in front of you. Tse vikonannya. Thus, a pure sacrifice is made and come to rest. You will become Ti with a weep of evil in the light. Terakuto saying Tobi, shou bulo wіdkrito yomu from the Book of Dol. Here is the wisdom and part of the Creator's mind. Ear and tip. Death and immortality, mitigation and vitality. May I be a blessed day and a year, on the best of Ti's journey to old Terakuto.
V). The club appeared like a strong sword and a reed stuck
Torknuvshis earth, Terakuto, do not turn, becoming an entrance, left not knowing in the thick of trees. [Iake reverence for the saint in the Buddhist Chent, the feat of serving God by virtue and likening to Jesus Christ, finding the middle of young people. As hard as it is to witness for the visibility of the Spirit of Christ from them to all "Orthodox" Christians who lived in one hour from St. Nicholas Oleksandrovich and until they barked and paped Yogo.
Saints Tsar Mikola saying that Yogo does not sound the Old Believers and Cossacks. And it seemed to me that there were two spirits of people, and those who fought for IPN, for globalization, for new passports, etc., I think I am firmly tired of the practice of my zealous zealots to serve Satan by God!
The spirituality of Orthodox Christians, zealously engaging in the garlic of a sickly society, is jealous of serving God there, as it is, and not so, as the Lord blesses. parables 21: 1), and not in your hands. I do not mind, but the Lord God Himself cherishes His Anointed, and not servile wisdom! A little bit of a stench to wear and to go to church regularly, but not about the Great Lord and Father of all heretic-papists to give hot prayers!]
The Tsarevich stood with his head grabbed. Yogi companions - ie. The Tsarevich turned around and asked not to tell me about the prophet Terakuto. After a few days in Kyoto, a swing at the life of Spadkoomtsya Tsarevich was taken.
Fanatic-Japanese [may be jealous to serve God!] Having hit Yogo on the head with a saber, ale the blow is deprived of kovznuv, zapodyavin without a wound. Prince George the Gretsky made efforts to give a bamboo reed, which was used to hide the life of the Tsarevich. Pislya turn of the tsarevich's decay to St. Petersburg, moving with Prince George, Emperor Oleksandr the Third Visloviv, take a reed for an hour. The Emperor turned Prince George in the frame of a New Jewelery robot, all covered with diamants. The banner fluttered, persisting the prophecy of the old Terakuto: the reed appeared like a strong sword and the reed was sown.
On the 23rd worm of 1901, the fate of the Sovereign Emperor was honored to receive in the great hall of Peterhof Palace a special mission of the Dalai-lami, which came to Tibet. The embassy was low, if in the superconducting mail to the hall of the Yogo Velichnist. The Tibetan embassy has been very happy with itself, forged a screen, and they never parted.
The head of the embassy, the old deserving lama, saying: “I’m good enough for Buddha, until I don’t tinker. You alone should have the stench by right, and take it from us in Tibet. The words of the embassy from Tibet, like and for a long time already seemed to be a hermit of Terakuto, є we key to the understanding of the image of our sovereign and Russia “. (Bishop Mitrofan (Znosko). Chronicle of one life. Before sixty-ten pastoral ministries IX.1935-IX.1995. M. 1995. S. 294-297).
The Tsarevich showed Himself a very strong, selfless love and volodya with a firm character
A). “Everything is at the will of God. Indulge in mercy on God, I calmly and confidently marvel at maybut "
The first serious test of the will of Spadko-Omtsev Tsesarevich Mykoly Oleksandrovich brought vitrimati to the call of Yogo friends, if, having gotten from His easy-going ease, they did not succeed in triumphantly.
As early as 1884, since there were only sixteen rockies, Win was the first to succeed in the twelvefold, beautifully Princess Alisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, who came to befriend his older sister. Book. Alizaveti Fedorivni i Vel. Book. Sergei Oleksandrovich is the uncle of Spadkoєmtsya Tsesarevich.
From the very moment a close friendship arose between them, and at the same time it was holy, bezdeless, samoviddana and all growing love, as she took her life until she was spiritually accepted ... [a martyr's death].
Such a whore is a divine gift of God to bring in the midst of ordinary mortals, and among the crowned people, de sluby, they will settle down with the head rank, from the political world, and not out of love - the price of a vinyatkov.
In 1889, when the Spadko-Omtsev Tsarevich received twenty-one rik, and Win dostyag, in accordance with the Russian laws, as soon as he turned, Winn turned to his fathers with good luck to bless Yogo for a short time with the Princess Alive. for another hour, and, besides, forget the advance: Ty Spadkoemets of the Russian Throne, Ty of the orders of Russia, and the retinue of the world will be awake to know. "
Before the will of the Father - important, unearful, - it is said that it is a law, Grand Duke Mykola Oleksandrovich for an hour humbly resigned himself and became chekati.
Through the author of the rock, he wrote down the tsієї rozmovi Vin and wrote down from his friend: “Everything is at the will of God. Indulge in mercy on God, I calmly and completely marvel at maybut. "
On the side of the family of Princess Alisy, oh, well, they didn’t plan to play. This is how Vona lost her mother, if she had six rockies, and the daddy - at the age of fifteen, she took care of her head, and the grandmother on the side of her mother is the English Queen Victoria.
Tsia nastіlki glorified in the Anglo-Saxon society The queen stretched out ten years of her 64-ryan tsar (1837-1901) carried out ignoble political politics in the region, prompted by the intricate steps of the Russian counterparts, sprying heads, ruminating.
The Queen especially disliked the Russian emperors Oleksandr II and Oleksandr III, who, in their own capacity, led to an angry hostility. Not surprisingly, with such unfriendly casualties between Russian and English Courts, Spadkoєmets Tsesarevich Mykola Oleksandrovych could not see podtrims from the side of Grandma Princess Alisa. [“For Oleksandr III, the consternation did not seem to be serious. The marriage of Spadkoymsky to the Russian Throne was taken over as a serious political leader, and only just now were taken into consideration. Wanting to make Mikoli friends forcibly, the dad didn’t get involved, Yomu, in the early hour, proponed a sack of options for a young whore.
One of the names was the daughter of the Count of Paris, the head of the Bourbon dynasty, the young president of France. This is a very interesting Russian-French union, loved by the foreign political child of Oleksandr III. In the capacity of the іnshoi contender for the role of the Maybut Empress, Princess Margarita Prusska was looked at.
Mikola wrote in the book of 1891: “21 breasts. Mummies at Mom's ... they were talking about family life ...; Mimovoly tsya rozmova jerked the very living string of my soul, jerking with the world and the hope that I live from day to day. Already the second rock passed in quiet feast, as I was talking about daddy in Peterhof ... My world - if I am friends with Alix G. in Petersburg! I will rely on my opinion, mind to fool myself about the unhappiness of my legendary world. ... One of the transitions, for the breakthrough between her and me - the price of food for religion! Krim tsієї membrane, dumb; I’m even more vocal than ours! [All in the will of God. Indulge in Mercy Yogi, I calmly and self-consciously marvel at the Maybut] "...
Maria Fyodorivna has seen the trochi of doors to Yogi from the thoughts about Alex. For an hour on the stage of the Imperial Maryinsky Theater, a new star was shining - the ballerina Matilda Kshesinskaya. [The Tsarevich's fathers welcomed the young people ... “They went overboard about the novel, but in the Motherland Mikoli they didn’t give him a serious meaning - Spadkoєmets seemed to be a blind man and see the Borg as a human dancer, in his life. Oleksandr the Third, having happily placed himself before the sinking of the blue and, can easily, navigate, but Kshesinskaya can help him forget not like a daddy little princess ".]
Zvychayno, Kshesinskaya thought all the lack of wickedness in this novel, that in the Darmstadt princess Bula for her darling before her Yogo the tax is getting bigger and bigger [more Smells behind the idea of God will blast one for one!], as soon as Yogo will look back, as soon as the father called ".]
Five fateful days have passed since that day, if Tsarevich Mykola Oleksandrovich turned up to His most nighteous Father to allow Yom to become friends with Princess Alis.
[For ten years, Vony was deprived of if Princess Alisa came to Russia twice (in 1884 and 1889). Theirs is the Lord God. And nakkolishnі Їх bach tilki, like "Mіzh Nimi - one fantasies and help, grow addictions of leafing through sister Ella" (through Grand Duchess Alizaveta Fedorivna).]
In the early spring of 1894, Bachachi did not have a good idea of His Sina, His patience and laggardness of Batkiv's will, Emperor Oleksandr III and Empress Maria Theodorivna gave, nareshty, His blessings for God.
One hour in England, Princess Alisa, the yak, lost her Father until the end of the hour, who died in 1890, took away the blessing from Queen Victoria. Outside the rest of the pereshkoda - the change of religion and acceptance of Nayasnish Name of Holy Orthodoxy.
B). Tsarevich Mykola Zumiv Razkriti princess Alisia the truth of his Orthodox virginity
Princess Alisa Bula superbly religious. Vona Bula was transformed into Protestantism, and she was broadly transformed into the truth of her own history. At the same time, Vona knew that Vona could not become the Russian Empress, without accepting Holy Orthodoxy, ale the change of religion.
Vona honored her most sacred sentiments and reconnections with joy. Being completely honest with herself, being recognized by the nobility and being given to her ideals and, before, being perfectly sanctified - Vona rejected the steps of Doctor of Philosophy at the Oxford University, - You did not bring all the sacrifices to your ideals.
Such a rank, the price of food has become for Princess Alisa to the food of the conscience, so as the Russian Throne, if it is so glorious in that era, by itself, not having raised, so much more, that the zealots of His middling feverish beauty, wins the inner European crowned grooms and Spadkoyms of Thrones.
Otzhe, the rest of the pereshkoda to the whore Spadkoєmtsya Tsarevich and Princess Alisy, didn’t get paid. Buv only one energetic vikhid - more overreconsideration of the religious glances, so that the mind of the Protestant religion is wider and the heart of the Holy Orthodoxy is accepted. It’s a very important and easy task for the Grand Duke Mikoli Oleksandrovich himself.
On the spur of the day, Vin visited Coburg and spent twelve days at the Palace of the Great Princess Mary Pavlivnya, who was once a guest of Princess Alis. Here is a small share of the virginity, which lay in the overshoot of Spadkoymtsya Tsarevich in the correctness of his arguments. On the third day, mіzh Nimi Ishov Virіshalnа Rozmova. The virtual did not have a lot, they have deprived some of the virishuvati of the nourishment of His life. Princess Bula charivna. There is no need to speak, there is a sound of noise without words. Now that I know now, that love is reciprocated, that in all love is the happiness of the present life. There was only one transition left - the change of religion; Win tse after transferring earlier, without letting it go, but the transition can be made to appear ludicrous and important.
Win bachiv the sincere struggle of Princess Alisi, - I will help the struggle of the Christian woman. Win rozumiv, wow, from Nyogo to lay down now overlooking in the fact that Vona does not rob the protest, who accepts Orthodoxy, Vona approaches God in the most beautiful forms of conjunction with Him. I Win know in my heart wondrous words. “Alix, I respect your religion and revere them. Alej mi virumo in Christ alone; There is no Christ. God, having opened the light, gave us soul and heart. I made my heart and your Vin reminiscent of love, but soul and soul were angry, and they became one and only went along the same road to life.
Without Yogo the will is dumb. Don't worry about those who will become yours. If you know the message, how beautiful, blessed and humble is our Orthodox religion, how great and beautiful are our churches and monasteries and how clean and great are our divine services, - you will love us, Alix, do not
The moment before Him was great, unassailable - from the Solovetsky monasteries to the New Afonsky monasteries, from the ancient siruvato-blue waters of the Baltic Sea to the bright blue Pacific Ocean - the Yogat ruin of the Mother of God, Russian Orthodox Church. On the eyes appeared the mischief and flooding. She heard the princess respectfully, marveling in Yogo blue eyes, on Yogo, revealing and re-enactment in the soul. Having shaken off the sleep, Vona did not go to herself. Then she whispered just two words: "I am fit." Sluzi x fluttered at once.
Win wiklav last go His own misery, rozpoviv yak overcame the change of religion and yak Vona sensed herself.
... “Vona cried all hour and only from hour to hour, she whispered to me:“ ni, I can’t. ” , to that, I won’t, I didn’t compromise. I passed on your list and I couldn’t get confused. Vona showed up to talk with ttka Mikhen (Grand Prince Maria Pavlivna (senior)). To me, I’ve spent three days stretching out for the whole hour in the most anxious camp ... The current lies have deprived us of one, and here, from the first time, it’s gone too long. God alone sees that he has become me. I was crying, like a child I won’t. Ale denouncing її swung outwardly prosperity.
Hi, dear Mom, I can’t see you, I’m happy, and at the same hour, like my Skoda, I can’t squeeze you and my dear Dad to my heart. All light at once changed for me: nature, people, everything; and all of me are built kind, miles and happy. I didn’t think to write, before they trembled at my hands. Vona absolutely changed: she became cheerful, cool, balakuchu and low ... The Savior told us: "Everything you ask God to give, God give you." The words are infinitely dear to me, to that, stretching out five years, I prayed them, repeating them, blessing Yogo Polegshiti Alix went to the Orthodox faith and date me in the squad ...
It's time to finish the sheet. Goodbye, my love Mom. Mitsno I will embrace you. Christ is with you. Hot and from a wide heart, you loving Nikki. " Taking a dark crimson vitoncena zoshit shagreen shkiri - Holy schooler and enter this record: “Wonderful, unforgettable day in my life - the day of my hands on the dear, beloved Alix ... God, yak mountain; like a joy in the distance, please dear Dad and Mom. I walked for a whole day, as if in a stupefaction, I didn’t understand completely, but I’ve become powerless with me ”... pp. 11-16).
On the same day, April 8/21, 1894, it was officially stripped down. [Oleksandra Fedorivna, until her death, wore on her shoulders at once with the christen of the bridegroom's gift Mikoli - a ring with a ruby. (Oleg Platonov. The zmova of the regicide. P. 102.) “The sound was delivered to Russia on the same day the telegram of fathers was sent, and after a few days ... a special messenger from Oleksandr the Third arrived. "Miliy, dear Niki," wrote dad, "you can come to know, because you feel joy and how I understand your hand to the Lord! I am aware that I didn’t resist such a result, because of your lack of success. Allah, having instructed you, having given you and blessed and blessed Yomu great for Yoho's mercy. ... Now I am feeling that I’m going through a little bit of fun and I’ve gone through everything, I want and forget, but I’ve brought it easy to reproach, to bring it, but it’s not like that. and for nothing, and especially such a great croc, which is responsible for all your life and all your life! "
Ten years have passed since that hour, since the Nayasnіshі Nominations і Named for the first time, and five rockіv - from the day I bring Father Blessed to you. Spadkoєmets Tsesarevich laggedly resigned himself, a little terribly checking and prudently punching to His mark. For the time of Yomu, in the distance of deeds to overpower His August Father - a mighty rich man, being an unpretentious power of will, overtaking his lack of respect for the plans on the side of the Empress Mary Fedorivny and Babus of the Princess Alysia - Angels viri, zminity and firm religious reconciliation and scholarship to the generous, compassionate acceptance of holy Orthodoxy. Podolati all tsі pereshkodi mіg tіlki gliboko vіryucha and selflessly lyublyacha lyudin, who volodya viklyuchno firm character.
[“Mayzhe, through a quarter of a century, Vaughn [Oleksandr Teodorivna] will tell You [Mykoly Oleksandrovich] about the days of that day with words in which love is:“ It's a whole day, a day of our hands, all my little thoughts about you, really, really hard For that glimpse of love and happiness, as you have given me a hope, from that memorable day - 22 fate to that.Hai help me, God will give you a hundredfold for all your affection!
So, I, I seem absolutely generous, am wondering that there are many squads, so happy, like I, the style of love, doviri and viddanosti that shattered me in the city of rock in happiness and sorrow. For all the torments, my countrymen and my lack of knowledge, I gave me so richly, my dear nouns and cholovik ... Dyakuyu, my belongings, who see, I want to be in your miraculous events all new to us prove love and need? Today I will give a brooch that road. I can still see your gray smell and smell - there is a blast in the Coburg Castle.
Yak vividly I remember everything! Those liquorice poets, about how I maril and worried about the styles of rock and which were no longer worthy of being trimmed. Bachish, as already at that hour, vira and religion became a great role in my life. I can’t put myself up to it simply, if I’m bored with something, then I’m sure, the same in my love and cunningness.
Zanadto is a great heart - out there devoured me. Likewise, love to Christ - there is a ball so tightly tied to our lives with a stretch of 22 years! "(Correspondence between Mikoli and Oleksandri Romanovikh. M.-L. 1926. Vol. 4. P. 204).
Before going to Russia, Mikola was eager to find out the names about his novel from Kshesinskaya. " All of us are given focus in the whole world, and, since we are young, it is especially important for us to stand up and not be tempted. But as soon as we can repent, God will forgive us. Vibach, I’m talking about it’s so rich, but I want it to sound like a song in my love to you. I love you even more because I love you in the change of history. Your doviru rattled me very much. I will try to be good yogo. God bless you, my love, Niki ... "
The words that Alisa will write down in the boy's friend of his name will be smashed by the love they give themselves, the light of the stench will be carried through all life. " Before the very trip from England, Vaughn write to Yogi: “I am yours, and you are mine, be in love. Ty closure in my heart, the key of ruin, and it will happen to be left there for now. "]
Vikoristovuvan literature:
Sidelines of life. P. 7.
Yak and having transferred to the holy Emperor Paul the Pershom Abel the mystery man.
G.P.Butnik. Vryatuvav on the blood. SPb. B / g.
This is how Emperor Oleksandr the Other named the beloved grandson of the Tsarevich Mikoli.
Sidelines of life. P. 7.
About the oath, marvel at the clarification of St. Philaret (Drozdov), Metropolitan of Moscow, in the notes "Christianske Vchennya about Tsarist Vlad and about the binding of virnopiddanikhs."
People ask us to tell us: "Whom God wants to punish, Vin takes away the rosum from that."
Komsomolska is true. 23 birch 2006.
Oleg Platonov. The serpent of the regicides. 89-91.
"Thoroughness, with the yakim Spadkoєmets Volodya in English language, bulo tak, scho Oxford professor took Yogo for English." (Oleg Platonov. The serpent of the regicide. S. 94.)
Sidelines of life. P. 12.
O. Platonov. Mikola Drugiy in a secret listing. P. 11.
Oleg Platonov. The serpent of the regicides. P. 94.
Sidelines of life. P. 14.
The orderly R.S. pointed a fragment of chapter 16 of the book by Oleg Platonov "The Serpent of the Regicides".
O. Platonov. Mikola Drugiy in a secret listing. S. 11-12.
Ukladach RS direct the text from the book, yak sklav S. Fomin "Orthodox Tsar-Martyr". (Igumen Seraphim (Kuznetsov). Pilgrim. 1997. [lower - Igumen Seraphim. Orthodox Tsar.] S. 499-501.)
Russia has a book by Bishop Mitrofan (Znosko-Borovskiy) "Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism and Sectarianism" (Vidannia of the Holy Trinity Sergiyevo Lavri (reprint). 1991). forecasts of the Buddhist summit of the Chentz Terakuto.
S. Fomin has here and skrіz lower: Tsar-Martyr.
They boast of their theological aspirations, their ordained priesthood, their "Orthodoxy", their belonging to the Russian oppressed people, their social camp, etc. Slid of intelligence, that all the talent, given by God, who impose obligations on those masters in a God-pleasing way, live and wish the grace of the Holy Spirit.
The two-headed eagle in the State Emblem of the Russian Empire unambiguously orders those who, the priesthood, and the Kingdom are heard by the Tsar-God-anointed!
The root of this word is "fornication", and to that stench to fornicate with the heart means spiritual fornication.
Tobto Heavenly King!
Greater this love is no one else, the one who loves her soul for her friends (Ioann. 15.13) - Nemaє is more from this love, as who loves her soul for her friends (Iv. 15.13).
Ukladach to produce the 2nd part of the book by EE Alferyev "Emperor Mikola Another yak of a strong will of a man". (Vidannya of the Holy Trinity Monastery. Jordanville, 1983. S. 15-21.)
S. Pozdnishev. Rozipni Yogo. Paris. 1952, p. 9.
Ibidem, p. ten.
From the Queen of Vіktorіya Sovereign Emperor Oleksandra Teodorіvna was used to sleep, as a transmitter, fatal hemophilia ailment. Yaku Vona gave her synovi to Spadko-Omtsev Tsarevich Oleksiy Mykolajovych. Div. The Last Courts of Europe - A Royal Family Album 1860-1914. Introductory text by Robert K. Massie. J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd., London, 1981, p. 25.
Sidelines of life. P. 20.
Sidelines of life. P. 18.
Nevidomy Oleksandr the Third. S. 215-216.
Sidelines of life. P. 18.
The squadron of the Grand Duke Volodymyr Oleksandrovich, daughter of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlivna is the third lady in the Russian Empire of both Empress. I was honored by the head of the grand prince's dismissal on the visit to the Emperor Mykola the Other. (Encyclopedia of the Russian Empire. Edited by V. Butromeev. U-Factor. Yekaterinburg. 2002.) (Respect for the orderly R.S.).
Sidelines of life. P. 22.
E. E. Alferyev. Leaves of the Tsar's Family with a link. Vidannya of the Holy Trinity Monastery. Jordanville, 1974.S. 340-341.
Nevidomy Oleksandr the Third. P. 218.
Oleg Platonov. The serpent of the regicides. S. 101-102.
Mykola 2 - the last emperor of the Russian Empire (May 18, 1868 - 17 linden tree 1918). Having got a good glimpse, Volodya Kilkom in Earth Movies got the best of it, reaching the rank of Colonel of the Russian Army, as well as Admiral of the Fleet and Field Marshal of the British Army. Becoming the emperor of the rapist death of the daddy - the accession to the throne of Mikoli 2, since Mikoli was 26.
Short biography of Mikoli 2
The family of Mikoli was trained as a maybut ruler - he was engaged in great vivchens in economics, geography, politics and mov. Having achieved great successes in vіyskovіy right, before what maw scholarship. In 1894, all through the month of the death of the daddy, he became friends with the famous princess Alisa Gessenskoy (Oleksandra Fedorivna). Two rockets (May 26, 1896) became the official coronation of Mikoli's 2nd squad. The coronation took place in an atmosphere of mourning, besides, through the majestic number of people who were present at the ceremony, a lot of people were enveloped in embossing.
Children Mikoli 2: daughters Olga (3 leaves 1895), Tetyana (29 May 1897), Marya (14 chervnya 1899) and Anastasia (5 chervnya 1901), and also Oleksiy sin (2 sickles 1904 r .). They did not care for those who knew the boy about the importance of being ill - hemophilia (non-coagulability of blood) - they were prepared until the right time, like a single decline.
Russia at Mikoli 2 passed in the stage of an economical one, unaffected at the price, the political situation was getting worse. Mikoli's failure as a policy led to the fact that internal tension grew in the country. As a result, since the 9th of June 1905, the rock meeting of robots, which went to the tsar of the Buv zhorstoko rozignan (I will call it "Krivava Nedilya"), in the Russian Empire of 1905. The result of the revolution was the Manifesto "About the Comprehension of the Sovereign Order", which intervening the king's power and giving the people of the great freedom. Through all the days, the hour of the yogh rule began, the tsar took the note of Mykola 2 Krivaviy.
In 1914, Persha Svitova was recuperated, as she negatively infiltrated the camp of the Russian Empire and only made the internal political tension stronger. The failure of Mikoli 2 was called up on the war before the insurrection broke out in 1917 in Petrograd, as a result of which the tsar voluntarily saw the throne. The date of Mikoli's date to the 2nd throne is 2nd birch 1917 fate.
Rocky rule Mikoli 2 - 1896 - 1917r.
In the birch tree of 1917, the entire royal family of bull was arrested and sent for the second time. Rozstril Mikoli on the 2nd of June was put in between 16 and 17 lindens.
In 1980, the members of the Tsar's family of Bully were canonized by the Foreign Church, and later, in 2000, by the Russian Orthodox Church.
Politics Mikoli 2
Under Mikoli, a lot of reforms were broken. The main reforms of Mikoli 2:
- Agrarna. The enclosure of the land is dumb behind the bulk, but behind the private villagers-vlasniki;
- Vіyskova. Reform of the army for striking the Russian-Japanese war;
- Management. The State Duma has been established, the people have taken away the huge rights.
Mykoli's boarding bags 2
- Zrostannya of the Silskoy government, the relief of the country in the face of hunger;
- Development of economy, industry and culture;
- The growth of tension in the internal politics, which called for the revolution and the change of the sovereign harmony.
With the death of Mikoli 2, the end of the Russian Empire and Monarchy in Russia.
Mikola II |
|
Coronation: |
|
mediator: |
Oleksandr III |
offensive: |
Mikhailo Oleksandrovich (not accepting the throne) |
slumpєmets: |
|
news: |
Orthodox |
people: |
|
praises: |
There are also burials in the forest in the village of Koptyaki, Sverdlovsk region, in 1998, the remains were transferred to the Peter and Paul Cathedral |
dynasty: |
Romanovi |
Oleksandr III |
|
Maria Fedorivna |
|
Alisa Gessenskaya (Oleksandra Fedorivna) |
|
Daughters: Olga, Tetyana, Maria and Anastasia |
|
autograph: |
|
monogram: |
|
Name, title, note
First Crokes and Coronation
Economic policy
Revolution of 1905-1907 rockiv
Mikola II and Duma
Land reform
Reform of vіyskogo management
Persha svitova viyna
svitu probe
fall of the monarchy
Sposib life, calls, hobi
Russian
inozemnі
The song of death
Assessment in Russian emigration
Official assessment in the SRSR
chanuvannya church
filmography
film
Mikola II Oleksandrovich(6 (18) grass 1868 Tsarske Selo - 17 linden trees 1918, Yekaterinburg) - the rest of the All-Russian Emperor, Tsar Polish and the Grand Duke of Finland (20 zhovtnya (1 leaf fall) 1894 rooku - 2 birch trees (15 birch trees). 1917 rooku) From the Romanov dynasty. Colonel (1892) In addition, from the British monarchs mavins: Admiral of the Fleet (May 28, 1908) and Field Marshal of the British Army (March 18, 1915).
The rule of Mikoli II was marked by the economic development of Russia and immediately - by the growth in the new social and political struggle, the revolutionary ruku, which took off in the revolution of 1905-1907 in the revolution of 1917; in the last policy - an extension to the Distant Descent, through Japan, as well as the participation of Russia in the European blocs of European powers and the First World War.
Mykola II saw the throne before the hour of the 1917 Lute Revolution of 1917; During 1917, for the decisions of the Timchasov ryad, there were seven directions at once to send to Tobolsk, and in 1918, the rock was moved by the big shooters to Yekaterinburg, and then it was launched at once from the beginning of 1918.
Canonization of the Russian Orthodox Church as a passion-bearer in 2000 rots.
Name, title, note
3 people Yogo Imperatorska Visokist (Sovereign) Grand Duke Mikola Oleksandrovich... Pislya zagibelі 1 birch 1881 to the fate of dіda, іmperor Oleksandr II, having rendered the title of Spadkoєmtsya Tsarevich.
The second title of Mikoli II yak of the Emperor: “God's sleep? Walk my dear Mikola other? Ї, Imperator and Autocrat of All-Russian, Moskovsky, Kievsky, Volodymyrsky, Novgorodsky; Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan, Tsar of Poland, Tsar of Siberia, Tsar of Taurus Chersonesos, Tsar of Georgia; Sovereign of Pskov and Grand Duke of Smolensk, Lithuanian, Volinsky, Podilsky and Finland; Prince Estlyandsku, Liflyandska, Kurlyandsky and Semigalsky, Samogitsky, Bilostotsky, Korelsky, Tversky, Yugorsky, Permsky, Vyatsky, Bulgarian and others; Sovereign and Grand Duke of Novgorod NIZIVSKY land? Lord; і Sovereign Іverska, Kartala and Kabardin lands? і regions of Armenians; Cherkasy and Gorsky Prince and the Last Emperor and Volodar, State of Turkestan; Spadkoєmets Norvezka, Duke Schleswig-Holstein, Stormarnskiy, Ditmarsenskiy and Oldenburgskiy and other, other, and other ”.
Pislya Lutnevoy revolution, becoming an imenuvatisya Mikola Oleksandrovich Romanov(Earlier, the nickname of "Romanov" by the members of the Imperial House was not applied; titles were imposed on belonging to the family: Grand Duke, Emperor, Empress, Tsarevich, etc.).
At the sound of the podiums on Khodintsi on the 9th of June 1905 to the rock of nicknames by the radical disagreement "Mykola Krivavim"; with such a noteworthy figure in the popular radio history. The squad privately clicked "Niki"
The Caucasian Highlanders, who served in the Caucasian Tubular Cinema Division of the Imperial Army, called Sovereign Mikoli II "Bilim Padishah", thus showing their poop and testimony to the Russian emperor.
Dignity, sanctification and vikhovannya
Mykola II - senior synonym of Oleksandr III and Empress Mary Fedorivnya. Immediately after the people 6 May 1868 rock, buv names Mikoloy... Khreshchennya nemovlyati bulo quickly by the spiritual father of the imperial family, Protopresbyter Vasil Bazhanov in the Resurrection Church of the Great Tsarskoselsky Palace on the 20th of the same day; christening boules: Oleksandr II, Queen of Datska Luisa, Grand Prince of Denmark Fridrikh, Grand Duchess Olena Pavlivna.
In the early childhood of the vigilante Mikoli and his brothers, the buv is alive in Russia, English Karl Yosipovich His ( Charles heath, 1826-1900); yogo official vikhovatel yak decline in 1877, general G.G. Danilovich. Mykola otrimav home education in the framework of the great gymnasium course; in 1885-1890 rock - according to specially written programs, she took the course of the sovereign and economic information from the faculty of law to the university with the course of the Academy of the General Staff. The beginning of the busyness was carried out for 13 years: the first time of the history of the microwaves; the onset of five rockets were assigned to the vivchenny of the official right, legal and economic sciences, necessary for the sovereign child. Lectures were read by the following sisters: N. N. Beketov, N. N. Obruchov, Ts. A. Kui, M. I. Dragomirova, N. Kh. Bunge, K. P. Pobedonostsev and іnshim. Protopresbyter Ioan Yanishev was appointed to the Tsarevich of Canon Law in connection with the history of the church, the most important of the names of theologians and history of religion.
On May 6, 1884, for the end of the day (for Spadkoєmts), he took the oath to the Great Church of the Winter Palace, which was spoken about by the Nayvish Manifest. We publish a rescript for the name of the Moscow Governor-General V. A. Dolgorukov as a result of this act of the bv rescript: 15 thousand rubles for the distribution, for the investigation, "among the residents of Moscow, as most of them will need additional help."
First two rocks Mykola served as a young officer in the ranks of the Preobrazhensky regiment. For two summer seasons, he served in the ranks of the cavalry hussar regiment as an escadron commander, and then the taberniy zbir in the ranks of the artillery. 6 serpnya 1892, escorted to colonel. At the same hour, Father will introduce him to the course on the management of the land, ask the brothers to share in the history of the State For the sake of the Cabinet of Ministries. For the proposal of the Minister of Gentlemen, S. Yu. Vitte, Mykola, in 1892, made a decision to inform the authorities on the right of the head of the committee for the future of the Trans-Siberian Hall. Until 23 years of her life, Spadkoemets became a people, she won great vidomosty in the old galuzy of knowledge.
The program of education included the rise in prices in the Russian provinces, as well as the cost of living at once. To complete the survey, Batko saw a cruiser for the journey to Dalekiy Skhid. In nine months, I went by mail to Austria-Ugorshchina, Greece, Egypt, India, China, Japan, and finally - by a dry way through Siberia, turning to the capital of Russia. In Japan, there was a quick swing at Mikolaja (div. Incident in Otsu). The shirt with the beaches of blood is saved in Yermіtazhі.
Opposed politician, member of the State Duma of the First Clicks, V. P. Obninsky, “Ostanniy Bishop’s work for his anti-monarchy creation,” said Mykola, “in every hour, he will see to the throne,” ascended the throne. "
Accession to the throne and ear of ruling
First Crokes and Coronation
Through a few days after the death of Oleksandr III (20th October 1894) and I will ascend the throne (The Newest Manifest was crowned 21 times; on the same day, the oath was taken by dignitaries, officials, courtiers, and at the vyyskakh), 14 leaves of the Great Winter Church in 1894 making friends with Oleksandra Fedorivna; the honeymoon took place in the atmosphere of Panakhids and funeral visits.
One of the first personnel decisions of Emperor Mikoli II was in the breast of 1894 to the rock of the conflict I.V. Gurko from the post of Governor-General of the Kingdom of Poland, and was designated in the fierce 1895 fate at the posad of the Minister of Zakordonnyh A.B. Lobanov-Rostovsky - after the death of N.K. Girsa.
As a result of the exchange of notes from 27 fierce (11 birch) 1895, the rock was established “the spheres between Russia and Great Britain in the Pamir region, at the turn of the lake Zor-Kul (Viktoria)”, according to Pyandzh; Pamirska volost went to the warehouse of the Osh district of the Fergana region; Vakhan ridge on Russian maps ridge of the Emperor Mikoli II... The first great international act of the emperor was the Consumption of the Intervention - overnight (April 11 (23) in 1895), with the initiative of the Russian Ministry of Healthcare, announced (at the same time from the Nicholas and France) the reconciliation of the Japanese Liaodunsky p_vostr_v.
The first public voice of the Emperor in St. Petersburg was the 17th anniversary of 1895; the text of the promiscuous text (the mova was written in advance, but the emperor vimovlya vimovlya in the papyr for an hour) buv such: Do not know everything, that I, devoting all of My power to the good of the people, will protect the ear of autocracy so firmly and unearly, as if protecting him My unforgettable, deceased Batko. "At the call of the tsar's promises, Chief Prosecutor KP Pobedonostsev wrote to the Grand Duke Sergiy Oleksandrovich:" Send the promises of the Tsar to the trivial hvilyuvannya with a balakan of every kind. I don’t feel, I don’t feel like I’m saying that everywhere in young people and intellectuals there’s a feeling of being annoyed against the young Tsar. Vchora zaizhzhala before me Maria Al. Meshcherskaya (ur. Panina), a yaka came here for a short hour from the village. Won in the drilled out of all the promises, like the drive at the vitals. Zatya on common people and in the village, the word of the Emperor celebrated a beneficial enmity. Bagato deputies, when they were here, ochikuvali the god of the meaning, and, having felt it, they snapped it off. Ale yak summarily, in the upper stakes, you will be able to get away without eyes. I'm sorry, I'm sorry, but there are more members of the sovereign state restructuring. For the sake of being critical of the sovereign's vchinki, unfortunately, it’s a pity, the ministry’s deyak! God knows what? people had a boom in their heads until the whole day, and they had grown up ... True, they gave a ghost before that ... Bagato straight Russian people boomed positively with a pantel in the cities, naked 1 sichnya. It happened so, the new Sovereign from the first crocus saw quietly, whom the deceased had entrusted to the welfare All the same instills a fight for maybutn. "On the ear of the 1910s, the representative of the left krill of the cadets, VP Obninsky, wrote about the tsar in his antimonarchist creation:" They sang, but the text contained the word "undesirable". Ale yak bi was not there, it served as an ear of not only cold weather to Mikoli, ale and laid the foundation of a maybut visvolny ruch, ghurtuvaya zemstvo deyachіv and overturned іkh big luscious image of dey. The top of the 17th century 95th rock can be respected by the first croc of Mikoli on the abducted area, on the basis of which it is being promoted, kitties and dosi, all the way down in the Duma and their children, and all civilized light. "The historian S. S. Oldenburg wrote about the move on the 17th of November:" The Russian illumination of the suspension, in its greatness, has taken a lot of prominence as a result of this. In general, the won served as a point of departure for a new development of revolutionary agitatsiya, which once again began to be known. "
Coronation of the Emperor of the same squad vidbulas 14 (26) May 1896 ( about the victims of the coronation celebrations in Moscow, see the article by Khodinka). At the same time, the All-Russian Promyslova and Artistic Show took place in Nizhny Novgorod, as it was shown.
In 1896, the fate of Prince Ferdinand was formally declared by the Russian district of the Bulgarian district. In 1896, Mikola II also made a great trip to Europe, having made up with Franz-Josip, Wilhelm II, Queen Victorin (grandmother Oleksandri Fedorivnya); The trip ended with a visit to the capital of the Union France, Paris. On the hour of his arrival in the spring of 1896, the rock in Britain, brought about by the flash of fires between London and the Port, formally linked to the new period in the Ottoman Empire, and the immediate proximity of Constantinople; guest? at the Queen Viktoria in Balmoral, Mykola, having waited on the spilny process of the project of reforms in the Ottoman Empire, having projected the development of the Anglican district by the projection of the fortune of Sultan Abdul-Proto-Gamid, from the Anglo Arriving on the cob of the same train to Paris, Mikola, having approved the instructions for the ambassadors of Russia and France in Constantinople (from which the Russian district had categorically considered it until that hour), grabbing the French as before, the idea for Russian diplomacy died 30 serpnya 1896 to the fate of the Minister of Transcord Lobanov-Rostovskiy). Paris, please the tsar, who is in the trip supervodzhuvav N.P. Shishkin, winked about the barred from the side of Sergiy Vitte, Lamsdorf, ambassador Nelidov and іnshikh; Tim not the less, until the end of the same fate, Russian diplomacy turned in its own direction: the change of the union with France, the pragmatic relationship with the Nimechchino, View of the plan of the landing of the Russian landing on the Bosphorus (with the singing version of the development of the pod) in the kintsev bag, which was finally displayed. In 1897, three heads of state arrived in St. Petersburg, and they were sent to the Russian Emperor: Franz Josef, Wilhelm II, President of France Felix Faure; In the course of the visit of Franz Josip, between Russia and Austria, the bulo has been stacked to please 10 years.
Manifest on the 3rd (15th) of the fierce 1899 fate about the order of legislation in the Grand Duchy of Finland for the sake of the population of the Grand Duchy as an encroachment on the right of autonomy and wiklicks in mass dissatisfaction and protest
Manifest from the 28th worm of 1899 (published 30 worms), referring to the death of the same 28th worm "Spadkoymsya Tsarevich and Grand Duke George Oleksandrovich" (oath to the rest, as the dying throne, was brought forth early Docky the Lord does not want to bless Us to the people of Sina, who will find the right of the All-Russian Throne to fall asleep, on the exact submission of the basic Sovereign Law on the throne, to be beloved by our brothers-in-law Mikhail Oleksandrovich. " Visiting in the Manifest of Slavs "Spadkoemets Tsesarevich" in the title of Mikhail Oleksandrovich was destroyed in court stakes by the meeting, which sponded the emperor to see the 7th day of the same earth, the Great New Year's decree, which punished the great
Economic policy
According to the first census carried out in 1897 in the present day, the population of the Russian Empire became 125 million people; from them for 84 milioniv children Bula rossiyska mova; literate middle of the population of Russia was 21%, middle of the population of 10-19 years - 34%.
At the same time, a penny reform has been achieved, and the gold standard of the ruble has been established. The transition to a gold ruble, in the middle of the last, appeared to be a devaluation of the national currency: on the Imperial number of wages and probes it was now "15 rubles" - to replace the 10th; Tim is not the least, the stabilization of the ruble at the rate of "two thirds", in contrast to forecasts, passed successfully and without shaking.
The respect for the robotic food was great. At factories, about 100 robots were introduced, no medical assistance was introduced, which hunted 70 hundreds of factory robots (1898 rik). At the heart of 1903, the Rules about the wine city of those who have suffered from non-merciless victories on virobnistvi, which are liable to go to the end of the process, will help and retire to the survivor of about 50 years of age In 1906, there are working professional associations in the country. The Law of the 23rd of 1912 in Russia introduced the provision of insurance for robots from ailments and from other types of diseases. 2 worms of 1897, the law about the interruption of the working hour, when the maximum working day is set no more than 11.5 years in every day, and 10 years on Saturday, and before the holy days, if I would like a part of the working day to fall into the working day.
Bulo channeled a special tribute to the landlords of the Polish expedition in the Zakhidny region, introductions to the fate of the Polish insurrection of 1863. By the decree of the 12th worm in 1900, the missile was sent to Siberia, yak the world of punishment.
Tsaryuvannya Mikoli II became a period of relatively high rates of economic growth: in 1885-1913, the rate of growth of the Silskogo-Sponskoy branch became an average of 2%, and the rate of growth of the industrial branch was 4.5-5% in Rik. View of a vugilla in Donbas increased from 4.8 million tons in 1894 to 24 million tons in 1913 Roth a vid of a vug in the Kuznetsk Vugilny Basin. A vid of oil was developed in the outskirts of Baku, Grozny and on Embi.
Continuing life, the total length of yak, the yak became 44 yew. Km in 1898 rotsi, until 1913, 70 yews were transplanted to the rock. Kilometriv. For the total length of the land, Russia has overturned whether it is the European land and acted only like the United States. For the indicators of the release of the main types of industrial products per capita of the population of Russia in 1913 rotsi bula susidkoyispanii.
The name of the policy and the Russian-Japanese viyna
Istorik Oldenburg, being in emigracia, lived with his apologetic pratsi, but in 1895 the emperor transferred the opportunity to refer to Japan for resigning to a distant descent, and to that one who had been to such a struggle On the third resolution of the tsar on April 2, 1895, on the special occasion of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, he was honored with the help of the foreign minister of Russia at the Pivdenniy Sokhod (Korea).
3 worms 1896 to the fate of Moscow, the Russian-Chinese treaty about the Alliance against Japan; China, after a while on the construction of a link through the Pivnichnu Manchuria to Vladivostok, was prompted by the Russian-Chinese Bank. On the 8th spring of 1896, a concession agreement was signed between the Chinese district and the Russian-Chinese bank. 15 (27) birch 1898 to Russia and China in Pekin Bula signed by the Russian-Chinese convention of 1898, from which Russia hoped to rent for 25 rock ports of Port Arthur (Lushun) and the distant winter; In addition, the Chinese district gave the year to expand the concession, granted to the KSZ Suspension, for the development of the Gilka Zaliznytsia (Pivdenno-Manchzhurskaya Zaliznytsia) from one point of the Chinese Eastern Railway to the Far and Port-Arthur.
In 1898, Mikola II turned to the ranks of Europe with the propositions of writing, please, for the protection of the outside world and the establishment between the post-growth growth. In 1899 and 1907, the Gaaz conferences were brought to the world, around the decision of such events and donines (zokrema, bustle of the Post-Arbitration Court in Haas).
In 1900 Mykola II revolted the Russian revolt against the suppression of the Ikhetuan rebellion in spite of all European powers, Japan and the United States.
Rent Rosіyu Liaodunskiy pіvostrova, sporuda Chinysko-Shіdnoї zalіznіtsі and depot of the sea base in Port Arthur, the growing inflow of Russia in Manchuria stuck with the aspirations of Japan, which Man also claimed.
June 24, 1904, the Japanese ambassador handed the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs to VN Lamzdorf a note, saying that she was talking about talking about negotiations, as Japan was fond of "marnimi", about breaking diplomatic relations with Russia; Japan has echoed its diplomatic mission from St. Petersburg and has deprived itself of the right to go in for the sake of its interests to the "independent affairs", as they are in great demand. In the evening of the 26th, the Japanese fleet was attacked in the port of Arthur's squadron without nudging. A New Manifest, a tribute to Mykola II on 27 June 1904, bare in Japan.
For the prikordonnim battle on the village of Yalu, battles went to Liaoyan, to the village Shahe and to Sandep. With a great battle in the fierce birch 1905 fate, the Russian army overwhelmed Mukden.
The result of the victory was the battle of Tsusima in 1905, which ended again with the defeat of the Russian fleet. On May 23, 1905, the Emperor, through the US Ambassador to St. Petersburg, recognized President Roosevelt's proposition about the middle ground for the peace. The importance of the establishment of the Russian Uryad was sent by the Russian-Japanese Vines 1905 The former Soviet Union diplomacy in the Soviet Union 1905 was one of the first to try to see Russia from the French and the Russian-Japanese Union: the Russian-Western Union: Mikola paused and signed the agreements on the stage; Turning to Petersburg, I saw it, so like 23 sickle (5 spring) 1905 rock in Portsmouth by Russian representatives S. Yu. Vitte and R.R. Behind the minds of the rest, Russia has recognized Korea as a sphere injected with Japan, has transferred to Japan the Pivdenny Sakhalin and the rights to the Liaodunskoy Pyostriv in the places of Port Arthur and Distant.
The American pastor of the era T. Dennett in 1925 rozі stverdzhuvav: “Few are now important, but Japan has been relieved of the fruits of the upcoming peremogs. Perevazha zvorotne dumka. Bagato hto vvazhaє, that Japan was still hanging until the end of the grass, and that only the laying of the world hid it all in the wake of the collapse or more damage in the walled-off from Russia. "
Strike in the Russian-Japanese war (the first for the pivstolittya) and away from the stifling confusion 1905-1907 rr. (Later, when Rasputin appeared at the court of Rasputin), they brought to the fall the authority of the emperor in the governing and intellectual stakes.
As he lives in Petersburg for an hour, the famous journalist G. Gants means the astonished position of a significant part of the nobility and the intellectuals on the day before "".
Revolution of 1905-1907 rockiv
With a tip of the Russian-Japanese war, Mykola II pishov on the actions of the liberal stakes: when the servant boyeviked the Minister of Internal Affairs V.K. On the 12th day of 1904, a new decree was given to the Senate "On the plans to complete the sovereign order", which examined the expansion of the rights of the zemstvos, insurance of robots, the emancipation of the natives and innovators, the establishment of censorship. For an hour to discuss the text of the Decree from the 12th breast of 1904, win, however, privately saying to Count Vitta (apparently to the end of the day): to the people. "
June 6, 1905 rocky (holy Vodokhreshcha), before the hour of holy water on Jordan (on the ice of the Neva), in front of the Winter Palace, in the presence of the emperor and members of this family, on the very cob of the troparion, from the official version) the charge of the buckshot has been lost from the beginning of the 4th day. Bo Bilsha, a part of the sack was consumed in the ice with the royal pavilion and at the facade of the palace, in 4 windows like a boule of broken glass. At the sound of the incident, the editor of the Synodal Vidannya wrote that "it is impossible not to bachiti something special" in the fact that one deprived policeman on the nickname of "Romanov" was fatally wounded and the staff of the forefather of the "promoter of our evil" body.
9 Sichnya (Art. Art.) 1905 in St. Petersburg from the initiative of the priest George Gapon in the course of the robots to the Winter Palace. The workers went to the tsar with a petition, as a small socially-economically, as well as politicians, vimogi. The move was rosіgnano vіyskami, bully victims. The events of that day in St. Petersburg went to the Russian history yak "Kryvava Nedilya" 333 cholovik, which includes the deyake number of spyvrobitniks to protect the law and order). 4 fierce terrorist in the Moscow Kremlin bombed Grand Duke Sergiy Oleksandrovich who was assassinated by the extreme right political look and a great pouring into his nephew.
On April 17, 1905, a decree was issued "On the improvement of the soil of tolerance", which introduced a number of European people, the spring of the "rozkolnikiv" (Old Believers).
Strikes were tripled in the country; chvilyuvannya on the outskirts of the empire: in Courland, the Lisov brothers welcomed virizaties of German friends, in the Caucasus, a Virmeno-Tatar rozane. The revolutionaries and separatists rejected the idea of pennies and liberation from England and Japan. So, in 1905, in the Baltic Sea, the English steamboat "John Grafton", which transported a few thousand guints for the Finnish separatists and fighters-revolutionaries, was loaded onto the line. It became a splinter to rebel in the fleet and in the small towns. The greatest was the breast of the insurrection in Moscow. Suddenly, a great swing has obliterated the European and anarchist individual terror. In just a couple of rockies the revolutionaries beat thousands of officials, officers and policemen - with one 1906 rock, 768 were knocked in and 820 representatives and agents of power were wounded. The other half of 1905 was marked by the number of victories in universities and in spiritual seminaries: through the zorushennya, some 50 middle spiritual-naval pledges were closed. Praise for the 27th hour of the time-honored law on the autonomy of universities. Opposed parties were speeding up the expansion of freedoms to make the attacks on the autocracy of the Presi more powerful.
On the 6th of 1905, a manifesto was written about the fall asleep of the State Duma ("as a legislative decision, what should be done before the opening and discussion of legislative propositions and a look at the list of state revenues and vitratus" - about the law of the State.) Ale was gaining strength, the revolution crossed the 6th act: the All-Russian political strike was on the way, 2 million people were struck. May 17th Mykol's mourners, for psychologically important people, eager to sign the Manifest, they said, in the middle of the day: “1. Grant the population of non-destructive foundations of huge freedom on the ambushes of an individual, freedom of conscience, freedom of conscience, speech, protection and communication. 3. Establish as a non-military rule that no law could perceive force without the grasp of the State Duma and that we will deprive the people of the people, the possibility of a fair share in the sight of the laws of power placed in us. »April 23, 1906 The rocky boules hardened The main state laws of the Russian Empire, which transferred the new role of Dumi in the legislative process. From the point of view of the liberal community, the Manifest signifies the end of the Russian autocracy as the monarch's power.
After three long letters to the Manifest, there was amnesty for political links, except for those condemned for terrorism; Decree 24 leaf fall 1905 skasovuvav in front of the front yak, so spiritual censorship for hourly (periodical) vidan, which go around in the places of empire (April 26, 1906, all censorship was removed).
During the publication of the manifestations, the strikes began to decline; zbroyny forces (for the fleet, de mali mice hvilyuvannya) saved the integrity of the oath; winikla and tacitly accepted by Mikola the extreme right of monarchical community organization - the Union of the Russian people.
On the hour of the revolution, in 1906, Kostyantin Balmont wrote the versh "Our Tsar", dedicated to Mykola II, as we prophesied:
Our Tsar is Mukden, our Tsar is Tsusima,
Our Tsar is a crooked beach,
Smorіd gunpowder and dima,
It's dark in the bright rose. Our Tsar is a sacrifice to sleep,
Tyurma and batig, school, retail,
Tsar-shibenik, tim low vdvichі,
I didn’t see it, but I didn’t see it. Vin boyaguz, vin vidchuvak, get lost,
Ale bude, pay the check hourє.
Who is the king of the king - Khodintsi,
Toi skіnchit - standing on the eschafot.
Ten and two revolutions
Internal and external policy
18 (31) serpnya 1907 to the future of the signing of treaties with the United Kingdom for the separation of spheres in China, Afghanistan and Persia, which, in general, completing the process of forming an alliance of 3 powers - the Threefold Star, the Entente ( Triple-Entente); However, at that time, only Russian and French ones were responsible for the land of 1891 and the 1892 Convention of 1892. 27 - 28 May 1908 to the rock (Art. Art.) Vіdbulasya zustrіch of the British King Edward VIII with the tsar - on the roadstead in the harbor of Revel; the tsar took the form of the king the uniform of the admiral of the british navy. To the revels the monarchs were beaten up in Berlin as a croc until the anti-German coalition was established - do not marvel at those that Mykola will be recruited by the enemy to converge on the English against Nimechchin. Placed between Russia and Nimechchina 6 (19) sickle of 1911 to please (Potsdam's pleasures) did not change the zagalny vector of Russia and Nimechchina in the prototype of one single political-political union.
17 chervnya 1910 Buv In the most powerful hardening of supplications by the Sovereign Council and the Sovereign Duma, the law about the order of seeing the laws of Finland’s principality, is the law about the order of the imperial legislation (div. Russification) of Finland.
Vin having moved to Persia from 1909 to the rock in conjunction with the unstable political situation of the recruitment of the Russian contingent, in 1911 he was able to do so.
In 1912, Mongolia became a de facto protectorate of Russia, as it rejected independence from China as a result of a revolution there. Pisle of the revolution in 1912-1913 rocks of Tuvinian noyoni (ambin-noyon Kombu-Dorzhu, Chamzi Khambo-lama, noyon Daa-khoshunu Buyan-Badirgi and іnshi) kіlka evolved into Russian until the tsar's proectorate. On April 4 (17), 1914, by a resolution on the preconditions of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Russian protectorate over the Uryankhai Territory: the edge of the Inclusions to the warehouse of the Ukrainian Governorate with the transfer of the information in Tuva to the Political and Diplomatic Officials in Tuva.
The ear of the Balkan Union against Turechchina in 1912 marked the collapse of the diplomatic forces in 1912; The Turks were driven out of the fall in 1912 by the Bulgarian army, 45 km from the Ottoman capital of Constantinople (Div. Chataldzhinskoe bey). For the actual transition of the Turkish army under the name of the command (the German general Liman von Sanders in 1913, in April 1913, asked the head inspector of the Turkish army) about the inevitability of the Sazonov's note was also discussed in late For the sake of ministries.
In 1913 there was a wider holy day of the 300th Roman dynasty: the emperor's family took a trip to Moscow, to Volodymyr, Nizhniy Novgorod, and then along the Volzok to Kostroma, the former Tsarist monarchy of the 16th century Romanovikh - Mikhailo Fedorovich; In 1914, in 1914, the site was consecrated in St. Petersburg to the Fedorov Cathedral, erected to commemorate the jubilee of the dynasty.
Mikola II and Duma
Two of the first sovereign thoughts emerged to carry out regular legislative work: wiping between the deputies, from one side, and by the emperor, from the other, bully. So, immediately after the message was sent, at the official address on the throne of Mykoly II, the Duma members were eager to see the State for the sake of (the upper chamber to the parliament), to transfer the monastic and state lands to the villagers. On May 19, 1906, 104 deputies of the Labor Group put up a draft of land reform (draft 104), which was brought up to the confiscation of the land and the nationalization of all land.
The Duma of the first clique of the Bula was dismissed by the Emperor by decree of the Senate on 8 (21) days of 1906 (published in the week of 9 days), which marked the hour of the call of the newly formed Dumi on 20 February 1907; After the New Year's Manifesto on the 9th of April, the reason for which the middle meant was: “In the early days of the population, in the future, the future of the legislator, they fought in an unsuitable region and came back before the power of the last few centuries before but they are ruined by our monarch's will, and until they are clearly illegal, as the brutality from the name of Dumi to the population. " By the decree from 10 years old, they were busy with the sovereign's sake.
One hour after the release of Dumi, replace I. L. Goremikin on the post of the head For the sake of the ministries of the indications of P. A. Stolipin. Stolipin's agrarian policy, success in stifling confusion, and in the Second Duma, made him the idol of the right-wingers.
The other thought appeared even more and more than the Persha, so as the Vibors took the fate of the Social Democrats and the Eseri, they boycotted the Persha Duma. In the uryad_ I saw the idea about the release of the Duma and the change of the law of choice; Stolipin did not fight against the Duma, but instead the warehouse of Dumi. The drive for the release was the diy of social democrats: 5 grass on the apartment of a member of the council of the RSDLP Ozol Bula, a gathering of 35 social democrats and close to 30 soldiers of the St. Petersburg garnizon were revealed to the police; In addition, the police bully revealed the propaganda materials, shouted to the rapist to bring down the sovereign fret, instruct all soldiers in the military units and false passports. 1 worm Stolipin and the head of the St. Petersburg court chamber were coveted by the Duma from the side of the entire warehouse of the social-democratic faction, from the thought and the knowledge of the lack of control of the 16 members of the RSDLP. The Duma did not wait for the Vimogu district; A lot of protistoyannya manifesto of Mikoli II about the release of II Dumi, published 3 worms in 1907, at once from the Provisions about vibori to the Duma, so that we are a new vibrating law. The Manifest also has the same term of indication of the new Doom - 1 leaf fall of the same fat. Act 3 of the Worm of 1907 fate in the Radianskiy history is being called a "coup d'état", so as it entered into a conflict with the Manifesto of July 17, 1905, for which the new law could not be accepted without a grasp of the State.
At the thought of General A. A. Mosolov, Mykol II marveled at the members of the Duma not as representatives of the people, but as “just intellectuals” and giving, who called the first time to the village delegates, said to them: , without, radio and welcome. "
Land reform
From 1902 to 1905, the development of the new agrarian legislation on the sovereign level was occupied by both the state activities, and the introduction of Russia: Vl. І. Gurko, S. Yu. Vitte, І. L. Goremikin, A. V. Krivoshein, P. A. Stolipin, P. P. Migulin, N. N. Kutler and A. A. Kaufman. The food for the hulking of the bulk was given to the lives themselves. At the end of the revolution, N. N. Kutler announced a project for the alienation of a part of the land. Since 1 June 1907, it has become a practical matter of stagnating a law against villagers from the community (Stolipinska Agrarian Reform). Daruvannya to the peasants the right to freely order their land and the congregation of communities is of little grandeur to the state, but the reform was not completed, and could not be completed, the peasant did not become the master of the land in all the territory of the land, the villagers went back from the community. And Stolipin pushed over the land of some of the villagers for rakhunok and persh for all the protection of the land, which turned the way to the farmer's gratitude. Tse bulo lishe chastkovo virіshennya zavdannya.
In 1913 rotsi Russia (without urahuvannya Privislensky provinces) passed for the first in the world of wheat, barley and vivsa, in the third (for Canada and the United States) for wheat, in the fourth, in France, in France cartopl_. Russia became the leading exporter of agricultural products, 2/5 of the total export of agricultural products fell on the 1st part. The grain yield of Bula is 3 times lower than the English one, the yield of cartoplas is 2 times lower.
Reform of vіyskogo management
The revival of 1905-1912 years, was carried out to defeat Russia in the Russian-Japanese years of 1904-1905 years, as a result of serious shortcomings in the central administration, organization, system of equipment, combat
In the first period of the military reforms (1905-1908), it was decentralized from the Polish military) (it was established independently from the military ministry). from 5 to 3 years, in the lowest clans from 5 to 4 years, in the fleet from 7 to 5 years), rejuvenation office warehouse; Polіpshenі beaten soldiers and sailors (food and speech safety) and material camp of officers and soldiers.
In the other period of the Vijskiy reforms (1909-1912), the centralization of the vishkiy capital was carried out; for the number of the weak in the battlefield, the reserve and fortech vіyskі for the strengths in the polovіvіska (in the number of the army corps that went from 31 to 37), the shutdowns with the common parts, the reserve, when the mobilization of the units is included in the yazku), stems of kulemetnі commanders in the regiments і corps avіazagoni, junkers' school re-transformed at the vіyskovі school, which won new programs, introduced new statutes and instantiations. In 1910, the Imperial Vyskovo-Povitryaniy Fleet was built.
Persha svitova viyna
19 linden (1 serpnya) 1914 to the fate of Nimechchina bared the vіyna of Russia: Russia entered the Persha svitovu vіyna, which for her ended with the collapse of the empire and dynasty.
On April 20, 1914, the Emperor buv was given until the evening of the same day of publication of the Manifest about war, as well as the New Nayvish decree, in which it was vіyskovykh dіy ", having punished the Grand Duke Mykolі Mykolajovych to become the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.
By decrees from the 24th day of 1914, the fate was interrupted from the 26th day of the occupation of the State For the sake of Dumi. 26 lipnya viyshov manifest about wine from Austria. On the same day, the Emperor arrived at the Winter Palace on a yacht together with Mykola Mykolaivich and went to the Mykolaiv Hall, returning to Russia with the following words: That majestic journey of patriotic feelings of love to Batkivshchyna and from the date of the Throne, like a hurricane swept through all our land, to serve in My eyes and, I think, in your lovers in that, that Our great mother will bring I hope that you will help me to transfer the message of me to the test, and that everything, fixing it from Me, will be able to check your obligations until the end of the day. Great God of the Land of Rus! "At the end of his promises, the Head of the Duma Chamberlain M. V. Rodzyanko, saying:" favor with the mercy of God, do not make a mistake before any sacrifices, as long as there will be no evil and the love of Batkivshchyna will not be fenced off. "
Manifest from 20 June (2 leaf fall) 1914 to the fate of Russia, to the fate of the Ottoman Empire by them: “In the unsuccessful struggle against Russia, they tried in every way to apply their strength, Nimechchina and the Austro-Ugorsk region withdrew from them. ... The Turkish fleet, led by the Germans, has taken a great deal of trouble on Nashe Chornomorska uzberezhzha. Secretly, they punished the Russian ambassador in Tsargorod, with the ambassadors and consular officials, to overstep the boundaries of Turechchini. Together with the Russian people, it is unpretentious that it is unreasonable, that Turechchina has no reason to be involved in this day to speed up the fatal way for her to go and see Russia before the end of the seashore. "Ordinary organ druku povidomlyav, scho 21 zhovtnya," the day of the Convergence to the Throne of the Sovereign Emperor took in Tiflis, in conjunction with the war from Turechchino, the character of the national saint "; on the same day the Delegate of the Bula accepted a deputation of 100 of the most important virmen on a chola with a bishop: the deputation “asked the count to bring down the Monarch of Great Russia to see the boundless vision and hot love of the new generation; Then a deputation of Muslim Sunites and Shiites was introduced.
Period komandovannya Mikoli Mikolajovych tsar kilka raziv went to the Headquarters for narad z komandovannyam (21 - 23 spring, 22 - 24 zhovtnya, 18 - 20 leaves); in the fall of 1914, the fate also went to the anniversary of Russia and the Caucasian Front.
On the ear of a worm in 1915, the camp on the fronts was bursting with ruin: the building of Peremishl, the city-fortress, with the magnificent waste of floods in the birch. In the beginning of the worms of the surrenders of Lviv. All the triumphs have been lost in the power of the Russian Empire. Warsaw, the whole of Poland and part of Lithuania, was built near the limestone; the enemy prodovzhuvav the offensive. The suspensions started talking about the lack of status in the order to fit in with the provisions.
Both from the side of the huge organizations, the State minds, and from the side of those groups, the great dukes, they started talking about the establishment of the "ministry of suspension of power".
On the ear of 1915, the fate of the war on the front began to see a great need for stock and ammunition. It has become a sense of the need to re-wake up the economy as soon as possible. 17 serpnya Mykola II, having approved the documents about the sanctification of the special naras: defense, fire, food and transportation. We have gathered together from representatives of the district, private industries, governments and powers and who were blamed for the blame by the ministers of the district, private industries and large-scale consumers in the mob Naygolovnіshim from them Bulo Osobliva Narada s defense.
The order of the roots of special naras, in 1915, became the vicinities of the Vyskovo-industrial committees - large organizations of the bourgeoisie, which were of a similar nature.
On the 23rd of 1915, to motivate your decision, you need to set up the year with the Headquarters and in the row, leave from the land of the power, to stand on the army, from the power, governing the land of the head of the army, Mykola II head of the head of the army Grand Duke Mikoli Mikolajovich. For the testimony of a member of the State Council (monarchist for re-connivance) Volodymyr Gurk, the decision of the emperor was taken over by Rasputin's name, and viciously praised for important large members for the sake of ministries, generals.
During the last few journeys of Mikoli II from Headquarters to Petrograd, as well as lack of respect for food, the command of the Russian army was in fact concentrated in the hands of the chief of staff, General M.V. The main prizes of 1916 put 13 million cholovik on the top of the towel, and the second one exceeded 2 million.
In 1916 Mykola II changed some goals for the sake of ministries (I. L. Goremikin, B. V. Sturmer, A. F. Trepova and Prince N. D. Golitsin), which ministries from the internal reference (A. N. Khvostova, B. V. Shtyurmer, A. A. Khvostova і A. D. Protopopov), three ministries of the Transcordian right (S. D. Sazonova, B. V. Shturmer and N. N. Pokrovsky), two ministers of the past (A. A. Polivanova , D. S. Shuvaeva) and three ministries of justice (A. A. Khvostov, A. A. Makarov and N. A. Dobrovolsky).
September 19 (1 fierce) 1917 In Petrograd, there was a change in the high-ranking representatives of the allied powers, as it went into history as the Petrograd conference ( q.v.): See allies in Russia on the new boulevard of the presence of the delegates of Great Britain, France and Italy, who also saw Moscow and the front, mala with politicians of the old political organizations, with the leaders of the factions; The rest spoke in one way to the British delegation about the inevitability of revolution - either from below, or from above (in the form of a palace coup).
Praise for Mikoly II as the Supreme Head of the Russian Army
The reevaluation by the Grand Duke Mykola Mykolajovych of his goodness resulted in a number of great Vijska pardons, and in order to bring in the evidence of the annoyance, they caused the spread of Germanophobia and spy mania. One of the most significant episodes ended with the stratum of the innocent right-hand colonel Myasoudov, de Mykola Mykolajovych engraved the violin of the order of A.I. Guchkov. The commander of the front, from looking at the distribution of the courts, without hardening the virok, however, Myasodov's share was violated by the resolution of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, Grand Duke Mykoly Mykolajovych: "All one is going!" The tse on the right, in which the Grand Duke gravitated the first role, caused the improvement of the clearly organized growth of the suspension and played its role in that number in the 1915 grass rock by the Nimetsian pogroms in Moscow. Vis'kovy historian A.A.
Having arrived at the spring of 1914 to the Headquarters General MV Aleksov also buv “there is a lot of hostilities, ruined and angry. Obidva, і Mikola Mykolajovich і Yanushkevich, fell apart from the failures of the Pivnichno-Zakhidny front, and I don’t know what kind of work
The failures at the front were trivial: 22, Warsaw was built, Kovno, the bullets of Brest were built, they were approaching the Western Dvina, and the evacuation of Riga was announced. In such minds of Mikola II, the Great Duke cannot cope with the situation itself on the part of the Russian Army. For the assessment of the history of the history A.A.
23 serpnya 1915 Mykola II took over the title of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, replaced the Great Duke Mykola Mykolajovych on the post of the Grand Duke Mikola Mykolajovych, who, by designation, commanded the Caucasian Front. Chief of Staff of the Headquarters of the Supreme Head Commander of the Buv Appointments MV Aleksєєv. The unfavorable camp of General Aleksyov was radically changing: the general was pidbadier, he felt his triviality and more decay. Chergov's general in Stavtsi P.K.Kondzerovskiy think about how good news came from the front, as the chief of staff tried to defend the cause of the bullet: the new Supreme commander took over from Aleksov to go to the front; a telegram was sent to the front of the bullet, "now no crook back." Proriv Vilno-Molodechno bulo punished by the liquidation of General Evert. Aleksєє in the buv of occupations given at the vison of the Emperor's order:
During the hour of Mikoli's decision, there was an ambiguous reaction, the vrahoyuchs, but all the ministers were against the crook, and the squad was unashamedly deprived of him. Minister A. V. Krivoshein saying:
The soldiers of the Russian army made a decision by Mikoli about his occupation of the post of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief without entusiasm. At the same hour, the commanding officer was pleased with the entry of Prince Mykoly Mikolajovich from the seat of the supreme head commanding officer - he respected him as a tough and viable enemy. A number of these strategic ideas were assessed by Erich Ludendorff as superbly smart and blisky.
The result of this decision of Mikoli II is colossal. From the hour of Sventsianskiy I cut through 8 spring - 2 zhovtnya nimetski vіyska boules rozbitі, and іkh came bulo zupineno. The parties went over to the position of victory: they went to the area of Vilno-Molodechno blisky Russian counterattacks; Throughout Russia, the robot began to boil according to the form and new technologies. Promislov_st at its own pace was spinning ammunition and vіyskové ordering. Such a robot became a moody zvdyak, appeared in a song, as soon as the enemy came zupineno. Until the spring of 1917, a new army was fired, it was safe to order and ammunition more beautifully, if it had not been done for the whole war.
The main prizes of 1916 put 13 million cholovik on the top of the towel, and the second one exceeded 2 million.
In 1916, Mikola II changed his goals for the sake of ministries (I.L. V. Shtyurmer, A. A. Khvostova and A. D. Protopopov), three ministries of the Transcordian right (S. D. Sazonova, B. V. Shtyurmer and N. N. Pokrovsky), two ministers of the past (A. A. Polivanova, D.S.Shuvaeva) and three ministries of justice (A.A. Khvostov, A.A. Makarov and N.A. Dobrovolskiy).
By the 1st of 1917, the changes were brought to the State Radio. Mikola won 17 members and recognized new ones.
On the 19th (February 1), 1917, in Petrograd, there were a lot of high-ranking representatives of the allied powers in Petrograd; solutions with politicians of the old political organizations, with the quotes of the fractions of Dumi; The rest spoke in one way to the British delegation about the inevitability of revolution - either from below, or from above (in the form of a palace coup).
svitu probe
Mykola II, encouraged to complete the situation in the country in the time of the success of the spring offensive of 1917 (about the house at the Petrograd conference), to lay a separate peace with the enemy without getting through - in the event of the end of the battle The pressure on those that Russia could talk about setting up a separate peace, they boomed diplomatically, as it made the Entente aware of the need to establish Russian control over the Protok.
fall of the monarchy
Growth of revolutionary attitudes
In the course of which there is a wide range of mobilization of the native population, horses and mass requisition of thinness and agricultural products, it began to develop in economics, especially in the countryside. In the middle of the politicalized Petrograd suspension, Vlad was discredited by scandals (sprout, tied with the flow of G. Ye. Rasputin and yogo stavlenikov - "dark forces") and children in health; Mykola's declarative talent for the idea of an "autocratic" government entered into a state of defense against the liberal and the aspirations of the significant part of the Duma and the administration.
General A.I. Denikin: “If you want to be put to the throne, then, as a sight in the back, in the office building, you will see the person of the sovereign from this court brute, as you were overwhelmed, because of the polite wickedness of evil hitting the army. The sovereign was forgiven, yogo were magalized vypravdati. Yak pacimo lower, until 1917, the fate and the goal of putting to the singing part of the office trembled, winking that phenomenon, like Prince Volkonsky, calling it "revolution on the right," even on the ground is purely political. "
In 1916, the fate of the court and political middle-class turned out to be a coup d'etat in this form, the emperor's expectation for the corny of Tsarevich Oleksiy during the regency of Grand Duke Mikhail Oleksandrovich.
23 fierce 1917 in Petrograd, there was a strike; after 3 days the won became an out-of-town. On the 27th of the fierce 1917 to the fate of the insurrection of the soldiers of the Petrograd garnіzon and their transfer to the strikars; The antidote was stabbed and the powerless gave only the police. There is also an insurrection in Moscow. The Empress Oleksandra Fedorivna, I didn’t understand the seriousness of the fact that they were being seen, 25 fiercely wrote to the cholovikov: "Tse" Khuliganskiy "ruh, the young people and the little girls to cry out for them It would be even colder, the stench, ymovyrno, would be overpowered. If you go through everything and calm down, only the Duma will behave decently. "
On the 25th of 1917, by decree of Mikoli II, the State Duma was sent to the bully from the 26th until April of the same day, which made the situation even more aggravated. The head of the State Duma MV Rodzianko sent a number of telegrams to the Emperor about the development of Petrograd. The telegram, rendered in Stavtsi on 26 of the fierce 1917 to the fate of 22:40: “I convey your greatness to the utmost, that the people who have rested in Petrograd, take on the spontaneous nature of the threatening changes. The basics of їkh are a shortage of baked bread and a weak podvezennya boroshnaya, which instills panic, but with a head rank, it’s not enough to get to power, not to drive the land from an important camp. "The telegram of the 27th fierce 1917 reported:" Gromadyanska vіyna has stopped and burned up. Lead to the decree of your newest nyvischiy on the knowledge of the legislative chamber. The collapse of Russia will spread to the army, and then the dynasty is inevitable. "
The Duma, that the high authority in the revolutionary center is small, but it didn’t agree with the decree from the 25th fierce one and continued the work in the so-called private celebrations of the members of the State Duma, who were called by the State in the evening of the 27th fierce one. Remaining taking on the role of the organ of the supreme power immediately in its formulation.
spitefulness
The martyrdom of 25 cruel Mykola 1917 by telegram punishing General S.S. Having sent 27 fierce General N.I. Ivanov for the suppression of the insurrection, Mikola II mutilated 28 fierce vidbuv to Tsarske Selo, ale proyhati not zmig i, having lost calls from Stavkoy, 1 birch arriving in Pskov, de known the headquarters of the armies of the Pivnichny front of General N. V. Ruzskogo. Close to 15 years 2, the birch tree took a decision about the expectation of corn at the regency of the Grand Duke Mikhail Oleksandrovich, in the evening of the same day, stating that A.I. Guchkova and V.V. Shulgin about the decision to make a mistake and for the saint.
2 (15) birch about 23 years 40 khvili (in the document the hour of writing is marked as 15 years old) Mikola handing over to Guchkov and Shulgin Manifest about maturity, which, zokrem, was: to the people in the legislative regulations, on quiet ambushes, which they will be established, taking an oath to that undisturbed. ".
Adequate premonitors are put on the basis of the authenticity of the manifest (meeting).
Guchkov and Shulgin also coveted two decrees in the name of Mykoly II: about the designation of Prince G. Lvov as the head of the district і of the Grand Duke Mykoly Mykolajovych as the supreme head commander; Kolishn_y іmperator, having signed the decrees, giving them an hour of 14 years.
General A. І. Denikin stverdzhuvav at his spogadah, at 3 birch trees in Mohyliv Mikola, saying to the generals Aleksov:
Pomirno right, the Moscow newspaper 4 Bereznya conveyed the words of the Emperor Tuchkov and Shulgin in this way: “I’m still thinking,” he said, “and I’ve seen it all. Aleksandr I am not accustomed to reproaching my sin, as I am guilty of viyhati from Russia, since I will deprive the Supreme of the power. To leave the sin in Russia, which I still love, to abandon it for ever again, I do not in any case do not care for money. The axis of what I have done is to transfer the throne of my brother, Grand Duke Mikhail Oleksandrovich. "
Posilannya that rozstrіl
From 9 birch to 14 serpnya 1917 Mykola Romanov is alive from the family in the Oleksandrivsky palace of Tsarskoye Selo.
In the end of the birch, the Timchasovogo minister P.N.Milyukov was sent to send Mikol and his family to England, to the church of George V. ale in the apartment, as a result of the unstable internal political situation in England itself, the King respected for cleverly thinking about such a plan - it is a good thing for the witnesses, all the while by the joy of the Prime Minister George. On the other hand, in 2006 some documents began to appear, like talking about those, until May 1918, the school of MI 1 of the British European Development Department.
I will look back at the power of the revolutionary ruch and anarchy in Petrograd, Timchasov's district, fighting for the life of the areshtants, virally transferring them from the middle of Russia to Tobolsk; They were allowed to take from the palace the necessary furniture, special speeches, and also to proponate the service personnel for the bazhannya voluntarily supervise them until the start of a new distribution and other service. The head of the Timchasovoy Uryad A.F. Kerensky came to the head of the Timchasovoy Uryad A.F.
14 sickle in 1917 at 6 years old 10 khvilin went from the members of the imperial family of servants to the viviska "The Japanese Mission of the Chervony Khrest" was sent from Tsarskoe Selo. Having arrived in Tyumen on the 17th sickle, the distant ones were transported along the road to Tobolsk. The family of the Romanovs was placed in the governor's booth, which was specially renovated before his arrival. Some were allowed to go through the street and boulevard to the service to the Church of the Annunciation. The mode of protection here is more light than Tsarskoe Sely. Sem'ya led spokyne, razmirene life.
On the ear of April 1918, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Victory Committee (VTsVK) sanctioned the transfer of the Romanovs to Moscow in order to carry out their trial. In the end of April 1918, the areshtanti boules were transported to Yekaterinburg, and for the distribution of the Romanovs, the booths were requisitioned; Іpatєvu. Five cholovik of service personnel lived right there with them: likar Botkin, lackey Trup, room dvchina Demidova, cook Kharitonov and kukharchuk Sedneva.
On the cob of linden 1918 to the rock Ural Vyskovy Komisar F.I. Goloschokin went to Moscow for the removal of instructions about the share of the royal family, yak vyrishuvalasya on the food of the Bolshovitskiy kerivnitstva (Crime V.I.
December 12, 1918 Uralskiy Rada of robotic, rural and soldier's deputies, in their minds they walked along the road ahead of the onslaught of large victories and loyal to the Committee of Members of the Institutional Fighting in the Czechoslovak Corps. Mykola Romanov, Oleksandra Fedorivna, їхni children, doctor Botkin and three people servants (krym kukharchuk Sednev) were brought up to the "Budinka of a special pride" - the mansion of Ipatyev in spite of the 17th year of 1917 at the beginning of 1918 Prosecutors of Russia Volodymyr Solovyov, who in the investigation of the criminal information about the fact of the death of the Tsar's family, have come to see Lenin and Sverdlov against the construction of the Tsar's family, and the government the world of Radyanskoy Russia and Kaiserovskoy Nimechchinoy. The people of the Lutnevo Revolution, unimpressed on the war with Russia, were worried about the share of the Russian Imperial Family, and the squad of Mykoly II Oleksandr Fedorivna Bula Nimkene, and the princes of the princes were bully
Religion and look at your own power. Church policy
Kolishnіy member Svyatіyshogo Synod in peredrevolyutsіynі Rocky protopresvіter Georgіy Shavelsky (tіsno spіlkuvavsya of іmperatorom in Stavtsі pid hour svіtovoї vіyni) perebuvayuchi in emіgratsії, svіdchiv about "smirennoї, Just i bezposerednіy" relіgіynostі king about neuhilne vіdvіdini him nedіlnih i Svyatkovyy bogosluzhіn, about " generous gifts of blessings for the Church. " VP Obninskiy also wrote about his "wide piety, how to manifest himself at every service". General AA Mosolov said: “The Tsar was thoughtfully placed to his dignity as the anointed of God. Demand bulo bachiti, with respectful guilt, having looked at the news about the mercy of the condemned to death penalty. Winning from the old man, who read and who has learned to live in the life of the world, who has not lost faith in the ownership of his own power. Yogo worship came from God. Winning for his actions just before conscience and all-important. The tsar responded to the conscience and the keruvian intuition, instinct, that is unreasonable, as it is, it sounds like a message. Winning deprivation in front of spontaneous, irrational, and inodi and opposed to rosum, in front of unvagomim, in front of his own, all growing mysticism. "
Kolishny comrade of the Minister of Internal Affairs Volodymyr Gurko in his emigrant creation (1927) received: “Mykoly II's declaration about the inter-rulers of the Russian autocracy was in full swing. Bachachi in sob, persh for everything, the anointing of God, since he considered all his work to be lawful and right in essence. "This is my will", - was a phrase, they repeatedly attacked from their mouths and had to, for their submissions, pin down all sorts of things against the haunted by him. Regis voluntas suprema lex esto - the axis of that formula, which is in the middle of the hole. Tse bulo not perekonannya, tse bulo relіgіya. Ignoring the law, not knowing any of the existing rules, or of the roots of the laws, was built by one of the exemplary figures of the rest of the Russian autocrat. ". With such a glance at the character and nature of his power, at the thought of Gurko, he was summed up the steps of the emperor’s adherence to his closest spirits, The head of the household appeared in an overwhelming goodness to the community, and, especially, if he didn’t want to, and didn’t know the king’s power in all kinds of indiscriminate. In a great number of vipadks, the thinking of the Tsar and his ministers was brought up before the ministries were in charge of legitimacy, and the Tsar was pushing his own omnipotence. As a result, the sovereign took the liberty of losing such a ministry, like N.A. "
The ear of the XX century in the life of the Russian Church, the head of the Russian Church in honor of the laws of the Russian Empire, marked by the collapse of the reform in the Church administration, is a part of the Episcopate and deeds of the laity in the history of in 1905, rozi mali misce try to renew the autocephaly of the Georgian Church (the Georgian exarchate of the Russian Holy Synod).
Mikola, as a matter of principle, podzhuvavsya thought about the Cathedral; ale respecting the unfortunate and in the modern 1906 fate, having fallen asleep in front of the Cathedral, and to the New Years from the 28 fierce 1912 fate - “under the Holy Synod, all the time, right up to the cries of the cathedral, Peredsoborn was all over the place”.
On the 1st birch 1916, the fate of the commandment, "for the Maybut hour of the additional presentation of the Ober-Prosecutor of the Imperial Majesty on the right, should be the inner harmony of church life and the essence of church governing, which was seen by the Synod of the Holy Spirit. scho went to the conservative presi yak "the great act of the tsar's doviri"
The thirteenth tsar has an unprecedentedly unprecedented (for the synodal period) a great number of canonizations of new saints, moreover, on the canonization of the most famous - Seraphim Sarovskoy (1903) - win napolig all over the bearer of the beloved Siner; also boules glorified: Feodosiy Chernigivsky (1896), Isidor Yur'ivsky (1898), Anna Kashinska (1909), Afrosinia Polotska (1910), Efrosin Sinozerskiy (1911), Iosyph Bіlgorodskyi (1914), Ioann Tobolskiy (1916).
In the world of growth in 1910, Grigoriy Rasputin's participation in the work of Grigoriy Rasputin (a devil through the Empress and loyal to him) in the Synodal right, grew dissatisfied with the efforts of the Synodal system of the middle part of the clergy,
Sposib life, calls, hobi
For a great part of the hour, Mikola II is alive from the family in the Oleksandrivskyi Palace (Tsarske Selo) or Peterhof. I spent a lot of time in Krima in the Livadiyskiy Palace. For the reason, it is also scrupulously robust of two-day trips around the Finnish Sea and the Baltic Sea on the yacht "Standart". Having read both light literature and serious science, often on the history of those; Russian and foreign newspapers and magazines. Smoking cigarettes.
Zakhoplyuvavsya photography, loving also marvel at cinema; photographed also all and every child. In 1900, he bought a new type of transport - cars (“the tsar got one of the largest car parks in Europe”).
The official uryadovy organ druku in 1913, in a drawing about the whimsical and family side of the Emperor's life, writing, in the morning: “The sovereign does not love so called svitsky zadoleni. Let us fall in love with Yogo with a rocking є the spadkov addiction of the Russian Tsariv is a love. It’s as if it’s in the old towns of the Tsar’s perebuvannya, as well as in special places for that purpose - in Sleepy, near Skarnuvits, in Bilovezhzha. "
In 9 years, we started to conduct a schodennik. The archives contain 50 generic zoshitiv - the original of the schooler for 1882-1918 rock; A part of the їх Bula has been published.
Sіm'ya. Political inflow of the squad
">" Title = "(! LANG :(! LANG: List of V.K. Mykoly Mikhailovich Imperatrix-Widow Mary Fedorivna 16th Breast 1916: All Russia knows that Rasputin is gone and A.F. , now I am guilty of knowing і іnsha" align="right" class="img"> !} !}The first learned from the success of the Tsarevich Mykoly with the maybut squad was born in the modern 1889 rock (another visit of Princess Alisya to Russia), if it was a reciprocal pull. At the same time, Mikola asked the dad for permission to go with her, ale otrimov Vidmova. At the crescent of 1890, the bully on the third visit to Alisya, my fathers Mykoli did not allow you to create with her; A negative result is not enough, and a leaf in the same time, the Grand Duchess Alizaveta Fedorivni from the English Queen Victoria, in which the woman's potential was named, probed the prospects for a loving union. Protest, prone to the death of the health of Oleksandr III and the easeliness of the Tsarevich, April 8 (Art. St.) 1894 in Koburz at the funeral of the Duke of Hesse Ernst-Lyudvig (brother of Alisya) and the princess of Oleksandr Oleksandr ) vіdbulasya їkh zaruchini, naked in Russia, forgive the newspaper reports.
On the 14th of leaf fall, 1894, Mykoly II's friendship with the famous princess Alisa of Hesse was born to the fate, and she accepted the message of the anointing (as soon as on 21 October 1894 to the fate of Livadia) named Oleksandri Fedorivnya. At the beginning of rock, they had chotiri daughters - Olga (3 leaves 1895), Tetyana (29 May 1897), Marya (14 chervnya 1899) and Anastasia (5 chervnya 1901). 30 linden trees (12 sickles) 1904 to the fate of Peterhof, the father of the child and Ediniy sin - Tsarevich Oleksiy Mikolayovich.
All correspondence between Oleksandri Fedorivnya and Mykola II (in English) was preserved; One leaf of Oleksandri Fedorivnya was ruined, all the leaves were numbered by the Empress herself; seen in Berlin in 1922 rotsi.
Senator Vl. І. Gurko, having taken the turns of Oleksandri's involvement in the right of the sovereign rule until the ear of 1905, if the tsar was in a particularly folding political camp, - if it was possible to transfer to the second glance, one would see the power of the act; Gurko respecting: "Yakshto Sovereign, because of the presence of the necessary internal power, not in the possession that is proper for the ruler, then the Empress, navpaki, was all twisted around the possession, but the spiral was taken from the former."
General A.I. Denikin:
|
“All the options from the drive of the rasputin inflow penetrated to the front, and the censorship was picking up the magnificent material on the subject in the soldiers' sheets from the army. Ale nibilsh, a sly enemy, honored the fatal word: Vono lay before the Empress. In the army, voicelessly, do not get upset at the moment, at the right time, talk about the easy way of the empress of a separate world, about the joy of Field Marshal Kitchener, about the trip of a memorial, nothing, about the memory of D. I will look at those enemies, as if I have heard a rumor about the empress's joy in the army, I am impressed by the fact that the surroundings played a great role in the army's mood, even before the dynasty, and before the revolution. General Aleksyov, as if I had put on a lot of food in the spring of 1917, I replied that it was unassigned and unwillingly: When sorting out the porters of the empress, they knew from her a map with reports to the whole front, as it was taken only from two priest - for me and for the sovereign. Tse was right on me oppressive hostility. It’s not enough that I’m quicker with her ... More words. By changing the question ... The history of the situation, madly, then a viciously negative infusion, which was repaired by the Empress Oleksandra Fedorivna for the management of the Russian state in the period before the revolution. As for the food about the "zrada", then the whole evil rumor was not confirmed by the fact, but due to the development of the investigations specially designated by the Timchasov order of the Muravyov committee, for the participation of the representatives from the sake of r. [Curb] і с. [Old Russian] deputies. " |
Special assessments knew yogo participants
Rizni thoughts about the power of the will of Mikoli II and its availability in a stream of development
Kolishny Head For the sake of ministries, Count S.Yu. Vitte, in connection with the critical situation ahead of time, Manifestu saw the 17th October 1905 rock, if the possibility of introducing in the country of the new dictatorship was discussed:
General A.F. Rediger (as a minister of military service in 1905-1909, two years ago of special predictions of the sovereign) in his fortunes (1917-1918) wrote about him: “Before the ear of the state’s additional advice, we’re talking about outsiders; as if it was not buzzing with those, then about the weather, about their promenades, about the trial of the port, how the day was served before the additional evidence, then from the Convoy, then from the Zvedeny regiment. Vіn still loving tsі varіnnya and once having said to me, that only after tasting the barley soup, which you cannot covet yourself: Kyuba (yo cook) say, that such a broth can be coveted only if you are ready for a hundred people obedience to the nobility. The new Bula has a wonderful memory. Knowing masu special, they served in the Guards for some kind of bacheni, commemorating the heroic deeds of these particular and vital parts, knowing the part, they rebelled and were overwhelmed by the wondrous for an hour, the skin was full of leather, the warehouse was named , mісця roztashuvannya bagatokh chastin ... win me, saying that in some cases, sleeplessness, win over in memory of the regiments in order of numbers and sinisterly blinded, moving to the reserve parts, as I know not so firmly. For the nobility of life in the shelves, once you read it, instruct it on the Preobrazhensky Regiment and explaining to me that you are reading this day, so if you can’t miss a few days, you’ll lose it and stop reading it. Win loving to dress up easily and speaking to me, especially if he is nervous. Some of them willingly wore a booth bila jacket of a nautical style, and then, since the shooters of the Imperial prince turned the old uniform with crimson suture shirts, win udoma mayzhe always wore it, before that, right in the middle of now, it’s a bunch of fun. They didn’t care about them, they fell on the th part of the important days, they didn’t indulge in self-control, always became an honest and welcoming, however, a diligent forerunner. Win me saying, I’m an optimist, and efficiently, I’m sure that I’m looking forward to the good fortune in Maybut, in the great Russia. Become a benevolent and affectionate person, honoring enchantment. It’s not a good idea, especially if you went to see a deserved individual, you’re not good at it, you’ve kept the right for an hour, and put the minister in a twisted camp, which brought the army to the strict command of the warehouses. yogo specialties. Tzaryuvannya yogo bulo not far and before that w - th yogo blame. Yogo shortcomings in the eyes of all, the stench is visible from the spoken my spogadiv. It’s easy to get overwhelmed, so as the stench of boules is visible only to the persons who banged him close, and I am impressed with my general sense, more importantly, I’m guessing about someone else. "
Closely connected with the tsar in the last month before the revolutionary protopresbyter of the war and sea spirit Georgy Shavelsky, in his own preliminaries, written in the memory in the 1930s, writing about the unfamiliar: from people and life. And the Emperor Mikola II made a piece of extra-budgetary food. This was the most characteristic specialty of his mental disposition and his royal deed. Tse was born without yo will, the start of his manner of being led by his children. Once I said to the Minister of the Transcord to S. D. Sazonov: "I am not fumbling over what I am not seriously obsessing over, - I have long been buv bi in truni." Putting his sp_vrozmovnika in a strictly singular framework. Rozmov was viciously apolitical. The sovereign showed great respect and interest in the specialness of the spyprotector: before the stage of his service, before the exploits and merits of Ale varto, the spyvorotovnik would go out of this frame - to be ridiculous, be it an ailment of a flowing life, as if the state did not know it directly. "
Senator Volodymyr Gurko wrote in the emigration: “Suspilny middle, devil in the heart of Mykola II, devin, for the power of knowledge, having taken heart, Bula middle of the guards officers, in the midst of those who have been so eager to remember regiments i, trampled, having spent on them to the wound. They got the yogo official zbori reigning in them inviolability, in the presence of a tight-knit court etiquette in what the Sovereign before the kidnapped vik zberig childish relish that consumed. "
in the hills
Russian
- Order of St. Andrew the First-Called (05/20/1868)
- Order of St. Oleksandr Nevsky (05/20/1868)
- Order of the White Eagle (05/20/1868)
- Order of St. Annie 1st degree. (20.05.1868)
- Order of St. Stanislav 1 st. (20.05.1868)
- Order of St. Volodymyr 4 tbsp. (30.08.1890)
- Order of St. George 4 st. (10/25/1915)
inozemnі
These steps:
- Order of the Vendian Crown (Mecklenburg-Schwerin) (09.01.1879)
- Order of the Netherlands Lev (03/15/1881)
- Order of Merit of Duke Peter-Fridrikh-Ludwig (Oldenburg) (15.04.1881)
- Order of the Wise Son (Japan) (04.09.1882)
- Order of Violation (Baden) (05/15/1883)
- Order of the Golden Fleece (Ispania) (05/15/1883)
- Order of Christ (Portugal) (05/15/1883)
- Order of the White Eagle (Saxe-Weimar) (05/15/1883)
- Order of the Seraphim (Sweden) (05/15/1883)
- Order of Ludwig (Hesse-Darmstadt) (05/02/1884)
- Order of St. Stephen (Austro-Ugorsk region) (06/05/1884)
- Order of Saint Hubert (Bavaria) (06/05/1884)
- Order of Leopold (Belgium) (06/05/1884)
- Order of St. Oleksandr (Bulgaria) (06/05/1884)
- Order of the Württemberg Crown (06/05/1884)
- Order of the Savior (Grecia) (06/05/1884)
- Order of the Elephant (Dania) (05/06/1884)
- Order of the Holy Sepulcher (Jerusalem Patriarchate) (05/06/1884)
- Order of the Annunciation (Italia) (06/05/1884)
- Order of Saint Maurice and Lazarus (Italy) (05/06/1884)
- Order of the Italian Crown (Italy) (06.05.1884)
- Order of the Black Eagle (Nimetska Empire) (05/06/1884)
- Order of the Rumunskoy Zirka (05/06/1884)
- Order of the Legion of Honor (05/06/1884)
- Order of Osmaniye (Ottoman Empire) (28.07.1884)
- Portrait of the Persian Shah (28.07.1884)
- Order of the Holy Cross (Brazil) (19.09.1884)
- Order of the Noble Bukhari (02.11.1885), with diamond signs (27.02.1889)
- Family Order of the Chakri Dynasty (Syam) (03/08/1891)
- Order of the Crown of Bukhari State with Diamante Signs (11/21/1893)
- Order of the Signet of Solomon 1 st. (Efiopia) (06/30/1895)
- Order of the Serpentine Dragon, engulfed by diamants (04/22/1896)
- Order of Oleksandr Sonce (Bukhara Emirate) (05/18/1898)
- Order of Lazne (Britain)
- Order of the Order (Britain)
- Royal Victorian Order (Britain) (1904)
- Order of Charles I (Rumunia) (15.06.1906)
The song of death
Assessment in Russian emigration
In the forefront of his memoirs, General A. A. Mosolov, stretching out a number of rockets in a close friend of the emperor, writing on the ear of the 1930s: bagatokh kіl, as they represented the Russian community of thought of the pre-revolutionary era. For the catastrophic breakdown of our Batkivshchyna, the call for the severity was thrown into the hands of the Sovereign. "General Mosolov introduced a special role in the formation of the suspension from the imperial family and the throne of the throne - the emperor Oleksandra Fedorivna:" from a new door, to a sinister wonder at its collapse. "
Since the ear of the 1920s, monarchically imposed stakes of the Russian emigration have been seen creating about the reigning tsar, a mala apologetic (also and hagiographic) character and propaganda straightforward; We will see the best among such bulletins of Professor S. S. Oldenburg, which appeared in 2 volumes in Belgrade (1939) and Munich (1949). One of the prisoners in Oldenburg's visas is witty: "By the naizhchchik and by the very forgotten feat of Emperor Mikoli II, those who, Win, with very important minds, brought Russia to the threshold of overcoming: Yogo, the opponents did not give the threshold."
Official assessment in the SRSR
The article about the new one from the Great Radianskiy Encyclopedia (Vidannya 1 st; 1939): “Mykola II buv is so very confused and ignorant, like his father. The enthralled Mykola II figures of a stupid, narrow-minded, distrustful and proud despot in the period of his relocation to the throne took a special turn. Rozumovy uboztvo and moral disposition of the courtiers reached the extreme between. The regime of rotting on the roots Until the rest of the coldness, Mikola II became timid, chim bouv - a dull autocrat, an unremarkable mindset, no time to improve and find his own vigodi. Winning a march on Petrograd, drowning the revolution in the blood, and at the same time with the approach of all the generals, having discussed the plan of recovery. "
Piznіshі (pіslyavaєnnі) radianskі іstorіografіchnіy publіkії, priznіnі for a wide range, in the inventory of the history of Russia in the period of reign Mikoli II, perhaps especially prepared, unique ideas of people about such 1979 Rik) on 82 sides of the text (without illustrations), the socially-economical and political development of the Russian Empire in Denmark period Reckoning for my brother's reproach (about yogo vosarіnnya anі the words of nothing, and іm'ya V. I. Lenin on the same sides guessed 121 times).
chanuvannya church
Since the 1920s, in the Russian anniversary of the anniversary of the anniversary of the anniversary of the commemoration of the Emperor Mykoly II, there were regular purchases of the commemoration of the Emperor Mykoly II for the anniversary by the end of the Other Holy Week.
October 19 (1 leaf fall) 1981 Emperor Mykola and the second family of boules of glorification of the Russian Church of the Foreign Church (ROCOR), that is not a small church union with the Moscow Patriarchate in the USSR.
Rishennya of the Archbishopric Cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church from the 20th anniversary of 2000: "Glorify as the Passion-Bearers in the Host of New Martyrs and Sponsors of the Russian Tsarskoy Sem'yu: Anarevich Prince Alexey II, Empress Mary Oleksandr Memorial day: 4 (17) lime.
The act of canonization of the canonization by the Russian suspension is ambiguous: the opponents of the canonization of the saints, when Mikoli II was voiced by the saints, was of a political nature.
In 2003, in Yekaterinburz, on the scene of the well-known booth of engineer N. N. Ipatyev, de-construction of Mykola II and his family, with the promptings of the Temple-on-the-Blood? In the name of All the saints, in the land of Russia, they asked for it, in front of the entrance to the monument of the motherland of Mikoli II.
Reabilitation. identification of remains
In 2005, the representative of the head of the Russian Imperial House, Maria Volodymyrivnya Romanova, sent an application to the RF Prosecutor's Office about the rehabilitation of victims of political reprisals by the imperial emperor Mikoli II, a member of this one. For the application, if the views are low in satisfaction, 1 July 2008, the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation decided on the decision political motives, but the ship's decision about the construction did not take place) about the reabilitation of the rest of the Russian emperor Mikoli II and the members of this family.
On the 30th of that same year, 2008, it happened that the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation appreciated the decision about the rehabilitation of 52 individuals from the judgment of Emperor Mikoli II and the third family.
In 2008, at the scientific-practical conference, held for the initiative of the St. Petersburg), to be found in Mykola II. At the end of 2009, the UPC has completed the investigation of the criminal information behind the circumstances of the family Mikoli II; The investigation of the bulo is pinned "at the end of the lines of antiquity, attracted to the criminal reason and death of individuals, who have been punished with intentions"
The representative of M. V. Romanova, who named himself the head of the Russian Imperial House, said in 2009 that “Mary Volodymyr is a full-fledged position of the Russian Orthodox Church, I did not know enough of ї. ". Інshі representatives of the Romanovs at the cholі z NR Romanov occupied іnshu position: rest, dawn, taking part from the deceased remains in the 1998 rock, saying: "We have come to close the era."
Monuments to Emperor Mikola II
Even for the life of the last Emperor, in his honor no less than two dozen monuments were erected in his honor, they were knitted from the old places and camps of Vivs. In the main there are monuments of boules colonies or obelisks with an emperor's monogram and written letters. A single memorial, which has a bronze bust of the Emperor on a high granite pedestal, which has been built in Helsingfors up to the 300th anniversary of the Romanov Budinka. Until the present hour, the monuments have not been built. (Sokil K. G. Monumental monuments of the Russian Empire. Catalog. M., 2006, pp. 162-165)
For the irony of history, the first monument to the Russian Tsar-Martyr was established in 1924 in Nimechchyna, they fought against Russia - the officers of one of the Prussian regiments, the chief of the monument to the Emperor Mikola II
In the present hour there are monumental monuments to the Emperor Mikoly II, from small busts to bronze statues in the new era, erected in the offensive towns and settlements:
- sat down. Viritsa Gatchinsky district of Leningrad region On the territory of S. V. Vasil'ev's mansion. Bronze statue of the Emperor on a high pedestal. Vidkrito in 2007
- lvl. Ganina Yama, near Yekaterinburg. At the complex of the Monastery of the Holy Kings Passion-Bearers. Bronze bust on a pedestal. Vіdkrito in 2000-i pp.
- m Yekaterinburg. The guardian with the Temple of All Saints in the Land of Russia was asked for (Temple - on the Blood). The bronze composition includes the figures of the Emperor and the members of the Yogo Family. Vidkritiy Lipnya 16 2003 sculptor K. V. Grunberg and A. G. Mazayev.
- with. Klement'ev (near m Sergiyev Posad) Moscow region. Behind the assistant to the Assumption Church. Gipsy bust on a pedestal. Vidkrito in 2007
- m Kursk. The guardrail with the temple of the saints Viri, Nadiya, Lyubov and mothers Sophia (Druzhbi Ave.). Bronze bust on a pedestal. Vidkritiy 24 spring 2003 fate, sculptor V. M. Klikov.
- m Moscow. On the Vagankovskoe treasury, entrusted with the Church of the Resurrection of the Word. A memorial monument, which is a marmurian worship chrest and chotiri granite plates with vicarbouvian writings. Vidkritiy 19 May 1991 rock, sculptor N. Pavlov. December 19, 1997, the memorial was seriously affected as a result of vibuha, with a year of updates, and a protest in the fall of the leaves, 2003, again, with a number of changes.
- m Podolsk, Moscow region. On the territory of the sadibi V.P. Melikhov, entrusted with the temple of the Holy Reigns Passion-Bearers. The first gypsy monument to the robot of the sculptor V.M. A new, once again bronze, monument based on the same model.
- Pushkin. Handrail from the Feodorivsky Sovereign Cathedral. Bronze bust on a pedestal. Vidkrito 17 linden 1993 sculptor V.V. Zaiko.
- m.Saint Petersburg. Behind the priest of the Holy Cross Church (Ligovsky pr., 128). Bronze bust on a pedestal. Vidkritiy 19 May 2002, sculptor S. Yu. Alipov.
- m Sochi. On the territory of Mikhailo - the Archangel Cathedral. Bronze bust on a pedestal. Vidkrito 21 leaf fall 2008 sculptor V. Zelenko.
- sat down. Sirostan (close to m Mias) Chelyabinsk region The handler from the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. Bronze bust on a pedestal. Vidkrito in Lipna 1996 sculptor P. E. L'ovochkin.
- with. Taininskoe (near m Mitischi), Moscow region. Statue of the Emperor in a povny spit on a high pedestal. Vidkritiy 26 May 1996 sculptor V. M. Klikov. April 1, 1997 r Monument of Buv Pidirvaniy;
- sat down. Shushenskoye Krasnoyarsk Territory. Shushenskaya Marka Ltd (Pionerska st., 10). Bronze bust on a pedestal. Vidkritiy 24 chest 2010 rock, sculptor K.M. Zinich.
- In 2007, at the Russian Academy of Arts, the sculptor Z.K. Tsereteli Bula presented a monumental bronze composition, which is composed of the figures of the Emperor and the members of the Yogi Family, as if to stand in front of the cattle in the walkway of a healthy, budding life. On this day, just leave the place without hanging out and set up a memorial in your place.
Before the memorial temples - memorials to the Emperor should be brought:
- Temple - a monument to the Tsar - Martyr Mikoli II in Brussels. 2 fierce 1936 studies were laid for the project of architect N.I. Istselenova, and the 1st October 1950 was sanctified by Metropolitan Anastasin (Gribanovskiy). The temple is a monument located in the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church (z).
- The Temple of All Saints in the Land of Russia was asked (Temple - on - Blood) in Yekaterinburz. (About a new div. Okremu article at Vіkіpedії)
filmography
About Mikola II and the second family, a number of artistic films are taken, the middle ones can be seen Agony (1981), the English-American film Mikola and Oleksandra ( Nicholas and Alexandra, 1971) і two Russian films "Tsareicide" (1991) і "Romanov. Vintsenosna sіm'ya "(2000). Hollywood knowing a film of films about the little daughters of Tsar Anastasia "Anastasia" ( Anastasia, 1956) і "Anastasia, abo tamnitsya Anni" ( , USA, 1986), as well as the cartoon "Anastasia" ( Anastasia, USA, 1997).
film
- Oleksandr Galibin (Life of Klim Samgin 1987, "Romanov. Vintsenosna Sem'ya" (2000)
- Anatoly Romashin (Agony 1974/1981)
- Oleg Yankovskiy (Regicide)
- Andriy Rostotsky (Rozkol 1993, Sni 1993, Sviy Khrest)
- Andriy Kharitonov (Grihi Batkiv 2004)
- Borislav Brondukov (Sim'ya Kotsyubinsky)
- Gennadiy Glagolov (Kin Blidiy)
- Mikola Burlyaev (Admiral)
- Michael Jayston (Mikola and Oleksandra Nicholas and Alexandra, 1971)
- Omar Sharif ("Anastasia, abo tamnitsa Anni" Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, USA, 1986)
- Ian McKellen (Rasputin, USA, 1996)
- Oleksandr Galibin ("Life of Klim Samgin" 1987, "Romanov. Vintsenosna Sem'ya", 2000)
- Oleg Yankovskiy ("The Tsareicide", 1991)
- Andriy Rostotsky ("Rozkol", 1993, "Sleep", 1993, "Sviy Khrest")
- Volodymyr Baranov (Russian Ark, 2002)
- Gennadiy Glagolєv ("Kin Biliy", 2003)
- Andriy Kharitonov ("Grains of Batkiv", 2004)
- Andriy Nevraev ("Zagibel imperii", 2005)
- Evgen Stichkin (Shastya ty moє, 2005)
- Mikhailo Alisev (Stolipin ... Nevivcheni lessons, 2006)
- Yaroslav Ivanov (Zmova, 2007)
- Mikola Burlyaev ("Admiral", 2008)