2. Anatomical, physiological and biological gut

For the correct organization of looking after the intestines, competent selection of the menu, as well as for the onset of the beginning of the bud diagnostics, the first medical assistance in case of an ill creature, and in the same time, correctly reverse the method of acquiring knowledge of anatomy, pelvis biological features intestines.

Anatomy of the intestine

Description of the anatomical bowel and її features of the skeletal structure. As you can see from the illustration, the bowels of the intestines are rich in what they say about the life of a human being, exalted by the shape of the way of spreading the deyah brushes, which is explained by the horizontal position of the ridge and the attachment of the robots of the organ systems to the way of life of this creature.

The gut can produce a short and round skull, which in mature individuals varies in a fallow manner by breed, status, as well as individual recessive signs. The bones of the cranium are larger than those of the muzzle.

Maine intestine

The ridge is made up of 7 ridges, 13 thoracic ridges and 7 transverse ridges. In addition, 3 ridges, which grew up, were cut lower than the transverse region, making a krizh. The tail ridges were farther to go, a number of such ridges are splintered among representatives of different seasons in the average species 10 to 15, and short-tailed and tailless intestines are also thickened, in some ridges there are mensha, for example, like in the intestines of men.

Budov's gut skeleton: 1 - muzzle, 2 - lower cleft, 3 - cranium, 4 - first neck ridge, 5 - shiny viddil ridge, 6 - scapula, 7 - thoracic ridge of the ridge, 8 - ribs, 9 - transverse ridge of the ridge, 10 - krizhovy ridge of the ridge, 11 - pelvic region, 12 - caudal ridge of the ridge, 13 - stegnova cyst, 14 - large and small brushes , 15 - metatarsus, 16 - paw (fingers), 17 - p'yast, 18 - promeneva and ulnar brush, 19 - shoulder, 20 - sternal brush

Fluffy, springy and shaky, necessary for the intestines to save the right time of the streak and at the time of the fall from the heights. In addition, the knowledge of the masters behind the rush, the position of the tail of his wihavantsa can signify, in which way you change your mood.

Zovnishnya budova guts

The gut is rightfully respected as one of the most beautiful creatures for its old, thinned, and gnuchky body. Similar grace and thinness of the rukhіv are explained by the fact that the brushes of the intestines are especially thin and watery plasticity, as if they increase, the shards of the brush from the bottom of the m'yazami should be removed in their tendon for additional help. The proportions of the body are basically similar, with a slight vintage in some breeds (for example, short-tailed tails of small intestines, or the magnificence of sphinxes and rexivs).

Guts spawn the Canadian Sphynx

Most of the intestines may be strong, the middle of the old days of kintsivka, the m'yazis of those who are even more resentful, the reason why the intestines - the confession of the mind - is quiet and unrepentantly rise to its own goodness and attack on it with a strim stribkom. Carefully overdressing, zalishayuchisya indistinct, kіshtsi allow especially utopennya, shcho є on her paws, looking at the pads, on some є sensitive nerves ending and sweating.

The intestines are large pores of mayut pazura sickle-shaped. One of the vines is the Persian intestines, in some pazuras they vanish in the looking gachkiv. If such a bowel thinks of sagging, її pazuras are worn down under the skin, after which the streaks appear especially painful.

Continuing the theme of the life of the intestines, I would like to add the claws with special respect. Roztashovani stench on the fingers, on the phalanges of which there are tendons and m'yazi, which control the release and retraction of the shkiryasti pikhvi kіgtіv. Apparently, the cigti of the intestine is let out only at the time of consumption.

Nature zavbachily gave the gut such a building with a method of zapobіgannya tsy main cat's attack and defense in the form of a hundred hours of walking. Cheetahs were the only representatives of the feline family to relieve the chills.

Another one is not less dirty, but also an important storage system for etching the intestines and teeth. For help, the intestines look and podrіbnyu їzhu, and also defend themselves for the hour of the fight with relatives, or defend themselves, as if watching, that їіy, її kosheni chi lords, I threaten trouble.

Intestine teeth

The intestine has grown up to 30 teeth, the scheme of rotting is as follows:

Lower slit: 6 anterior cuts, along the sides of which there are 1 slit and 3 root teeth each;

Upper slit: 6 anterior cuts, on the sides of which there are 1 slit and 4 root teeth each.

The cut teeth are small in size with uneven edges, like a bowel smoothing the brushes and suffocating dry shmatki їzhі.

Dovgі ta gostrі іkla z deep roots - the head tool of the gut for the hour of watering that defense.

Cossacks are born toothless, milk teeth grow in them on the 1st month of life, on the 6th month they are replaced by new ones.

The gums of the intestines are not very sensitive, they are thin to the mucous membrane, as from the sides of the mouth, the edges of the slits are curved and the holes of the teeth and dental necks are formed. Yasnahs have a lot of blood-bearing vessels.

Orientation in the space of the bowels, in order with vibrations, assists a special dotical organ, which grows on the inner side of the zastkovy loam, and also takes part in the process of recognition of objects, filthy rozraznyayutsya dawn.

An important function of etching is the language. The intestines of the veins are twisted and flat, rickety, s great kіlkistyu coarsened papillae, which strongly cover the entire surface of the mucous membrane. Itself through them the cat mova is so short. These papillae play the role of their own rotting virves, in which, with lacanna, water is taken up, or rather, for relief of suppleness to the mouth empty. Krym tsgogo, movnim papillae are given the role of the shield in case of independent insertion and cleansing of the intestines. And my intestines have those sensitive papillae of a different kind, which look like a dot.

The function of the dotik was given one more cat's organ, with the common titles of the whiskey. The scientific name of the old white thick hairs, like rotting from both sides of the nose and over the eyes - whiskers. Vіbrіs, like shkіra between them, even more sensitive, the stench helps the intestines to orient themselves at the darkness.

For the sake of a respectful guard for the gut, you can name it if you want to steal with your whiskers: look out for a haircut, try to find a smell of a pleasant smell and stand up to new, etc.

In the area of ​​​​milk ulcers, on the stomach and breasts, the intestines are ripped nipples. In females, the stench serves to vigodovuvannya offspring. The amount of milk in different pairs of nipples varies from time to time. So, in the pahvin nipples of milk there is the greatest amount, but it changes in the nipples at the upper part of the toulub.

The color, dozhina and density of the woolly curve of the intestines are fluffed up in the present hour of great manhood; There are breeds that have short, velvety wool (British Shorthair), є intestines with long and wispy wool (laperm), and they also have well-adjusted wool (sphynx intestines).

Wow, be it a real life, is made up of two balls: a thin inner (undercoat) and a coarse outer (hard). The function, introduced to him on the spot (cream aesthetic, as important, seemingly true, only for their rulers), is thermoregulation and protection of the body in the form of a shoddy injection dovkilla. Zavdyaki to that, in the hot season of rock, the creatures are spared from the undercoat and their wool is covered with light, fluffy intestines, for example, peaches, to endure the high temperature better.

Infested wool guts can be equal, dim, with marks or shaded. If, behind a monotonous wild hutra, to hold the bottom against the outside, then you can shave the undercoat of a light-coloured coat, which indicates the specifics of the wild haze.

Krym tsgogo, thermoregulation will be safe for the pores, in some sorts of sweating, there are sweat rashes, judge that nerve ending. skіrnogo pokrivu intestines. The order of wool, stench pereskodzhayut transcendent vision of the rіdini and protect the body from the consumption of new microorganism and bacteria. The high friability of the collar of the intestines allows you to lead a powerful and active way of life, wound wounds, taken away when beating with other intestines, as well as dogs, the frills of the friability of the intestines appear in most of the fluctuations on the surface and are safe for life.

Grease ridges, also roztashovani in shkir, see fat mastic necessary for the correct work of the cat's organism. Zavdyaky їy vovna creatures are protected from the shkidlivy infusion of the superfluous middle that may glare and shovkovistnost.

Internal intestines

For roztashuvannyam, that functioning of the organs is very rich in what is similar to those of other savants, but it also has the power and authority of this species of creatures.

The head organ of the circulatory system is the heart. This is a m'yazovy empty organ, rotting in the middle of the chest, behind the middle chest cyst. Yogo mass is directly proportional to the total mass of the body and becomes approximately 0.6% of the weight of a particular creature.

Shelter, which should be near the legend of the heart, if it has gone past the blood, it has a dark cherry color, it is sour. I blow a legen to the heart and sweat at the fabric of the roof, full of sourness - a bright-red color. This information can be useful for identifying the type of wound bleeding in a creature with different injuries.

Similarly, I will arrange a system of blood circulation to solve the intestines, to wash two stakes of blood circulation. Blood circulation runs behind the arteries, which goes through the heart, to the capillaries, which penetrate all tissues and organs. They have an exchange of speech, and then blood, which avenges the products of the life of the body and is full of carbon dioxide, is near the vein, which goes to the heart, like a friend, a small, colo krovobigu.

The blood vein of the upper arm is located at the right side of the heart, and then through the legs of the artery - at the legs. Lungs - the place of gas exchange between blood and blood, as a result of some removal of carbonic acid from the body and enrichment of sourness.

Bazhano is also a mother of reports about indications of the blood of the intestines, as they appear lower:

Hemoglobin (100 ml) - 9–12 g;

Erythrocytes - 6–9 million/µl;

Leukocytes - 8–25 thousand/µl;

Neutrophilic leukocytes - 60%;

Lymphocytes - 30%;

The rate of erythrocyte count is 7-9 mm/year;

Blood flow rate - 2-3 mm / min;

Reserve Luzhnist - 40-50%.

The organs of the respiratory system of the intestines are ruled in such a rank that they can function in different minds of the inquisitive medium. The task is to ensure gas exchange and delivery from the tissue to the body. In addition, the stinks of the singing world serve as organs of vision (through them, excess water and gasses are seen from the body), and also take part in heat exchange, seeing excess heat from tissues.

The dichal system is composed of the following organs: nis, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. The lungs are the head dichal organ. The whole body of the guys, which consists of two - right and left - chasm, which occupy most of the chest.

Obviously, a skin lover of intestines is more appropriate, if the intestine is in love, clinging to the knees of a new one, quietly and calmly murkoche. Such a grumbling of the intestines vibrates with voice ties, which roar in the larynx. When passing through them, murmuring sounds come out again.

The process of breathing begins with an offensive rank: repeat through the nis or pasture, and then go to the throat near the trachea and bronchi, reaching the leg. Lungs are folded from alveoli, legenevy bulbs, tightly entwined with a mesh of capillaries, to serve as conductors during gas exchange. The function of protection of the organs of the respiratory tract is the mucous membrane that covers them.

Kozhen vlasnik of the intestines is obov'yazkovo guilty of the mother's statement about the main physiological signs of his vikhovance. It is necessary to check such parameters regularly, such as body temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, so that at the time of respiration in the norm, it is negligible to go to the veterinarian.

The frequency of intestinal breathing is 40 breaths per whilin. Not a trace of turbulence in that fluctuation, as your fluttering with a wide mouth: as a rule, it’s just a little bit of arousal or a rise in the temperature of the superfluous medium. For the help of such a wild creature, it regulates heat exchange, which helps it to overcome overheating.

The herbal system consists of the empty mouth, pharynx, stravokhod, sluice, small intestine. In addition, important functions in the process of refining can also be used to kill the slug, the twelve intestines chewing mikhur.

In the intestines, as if they take away the meat from the great number, as if the stinks often spit, or they taste like fresh meat and fish, often vomit. Leaking this fact, the posture of respect is not varto, as if not varto tsgogo and lakatisya: as a rule, a causal reaction, in this way the body is spared not over-etched particles of hedgehog - outside, brushes and other.

It is chewed with the gut of a hedgehog from the mouth empty through the bottle gourd from the stravochid. The Danish organ is a m'yazovu tube, zdatnu zbіlshuvatisya in diameter, if necessary, proshtovhnut їzhu in the tube. From the inner side of the stravochid, a mucus tunic is visible.

It starts splitting and often over-etching already in the mouth empty under the inflow of the line, the process is trivaeting at the sluice, some kind of splitting at the anterior part of the line.

The bowel at the intestines is single-chamber, hanging in the middle with a mucous membrane, like a vibrating shell sik, necessary for further processing of the hedgehog.

From the empty hose, two open, which the cones guess with their shape. One of them is to serve for the connection with the twelve-fingered intestine, and in the other case, to tie the slug out of the stravokhod.

Residual digestion is still in the small intestine, where it is consumed by the drain. The small intestine is a long, thin tube twisted into a sprat of loops; Here you can see the influx of enzymes in the slough, and the villi that wiggle the mucous membrane small intestine, Be sure to soak up the living speeches. Immediately, you can see the infection that entered the intestines. This function is typified by the number of lymph nodes.

The intestine is a continuation of the small intestine, it contains unrefined hard remnants of hedgehogs, and the stench is enveloped in the walls of the large intestine with mucus. The intestines are made up of three elements, and themselves: the cecum, or the appendix, the rim and the rectum. The rest is to serve as an exhalation of the body even after pressing the feces.

From the sides of the anal opening near the intestines, there is a rotting of the anal cavity, which shows a sharp odorous secret. Krіm funktії vіdіlennya, rectum vykonuє so іn function podtrimki bakterіologicheskoї ї іvnovagі v organіzmі, їії ії ії їє sredovіsche naє nebhіdnі uuuuuuuuuuuuuuumt for the reproduction of brown bacteria for the normal functioning of the intestine bacteria.

For the introduction of the organism of the intestines, the organs of the sichoid system are superfluous: sich mikhur, nirki and sichovidnі ways - sechovod. They have adopted sechi, її accumulated far away from the body at once from the variances in them shkidlivy speeches.

With a stretch, the creatures can see 100-200 ml of section. At the same time, the products of decay appear in the body, which are settled after the exchange of speeches.

The consecration of the Sich is held at the nirkas, or rather, at the nirkov balls. From them, the cutter should be near the cutter mіkhur. Sob sichovipkannya not vydbuvalis in passing, in the sich mikhuri є zakayuchy m'yaz.

Vіdmіnnoy fіziologichіchnuyu osoblivіstyu sechіvnik є є osoblivі vzvuzhennya, zvіnі stenoses. The stench is to serve for a quick passage of a siege, like a siege.

Sechovidilna system ensures maintenance of salt and water balance in the cat's organism. Particularly sharply cutting the intestines smells like the hour of reproduction. The smell of this arc is persistent, zavdyaki why cats will forever mark their territory.

The state system of cats is represented by testicles and similar ducts. Rest vіdkrivayutsya in sechіvnik, like sperm to come from the article's member. The state of the cat's fold, the testicle, roztashovanie in the scrotum, tucked with a fur fold was the basis of the state member. In the testicles, there are the adoption of spermatozoa - human clitin.

Significance of the status of new born cochineal chicks: a - female, b - male

Ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus are the internal organs of the intestine. In the ovaries, there are the adoption of female statin cells - egg cells. Zovnіshnіmi statevymi organs є order from the anal opening pіhvu and vulva.

In addition, there may be a great significance of the internal secretion: the hypothalamus, the thyroid gland and the supramental cavity. The colony zdіysnyuyut regulation rich life important processes in the body of the intestines and protect them from illnesses.

Physiology of the gut

The system of organs is sensitive to the intestines, the veins of a uniquely organized nervous system, are more richly divided, lower in many other creatures. The subtle and precise work is carried out by a pathway for the transmission of nerve impulses to the head brain, which is to avenge information about the state of the organs and processes that enter them. The role of the transmitters is conjugated by special nerve cells - neurons.

For equal development of organs, it is impossible to develop a living creature just like the intestines. Dotsilnym є more report review of the peculiarities of the gut organism.

Zir

The type of view of the intestines is binocular. The eyes are in front, on the sides of the nose, and the stench is spread in such a way that the intestines have the ability to see objects, how to squawk її, under a 205 ° cut in one and the same straight line, with an one-hour shift of the field of the gap in the central point. With such an extension of the eyes, the gut will take away the possibility of bachit those who are not only stoked in the middle in front of her, but on the offended sides.

The intestines are powerful in distinguishing the colors of objects, although the number of their varieties is less marked. The eyes of the intestines allow you to accurately indicate how you see the object, what to squeal.

The chin of the cat's eye is sharpened with a rainbow shell, like a rotten one, like in all representatives of the class of savants. At Rukh її induce m'yazi, full-time apple.

The reaction of the intestines to the lightening steps

With a bright natural chi-piece illumination of the wind, described by the power of the rainbow shell, the chin of the cat’s eye is filled with an ellipsoidal shape, swaying along the vertical, which protects the eye from penetrating the new greater number of light, but it is necessary

Especially for the eyes of the intestines, those that stink more richly separate objects that crumble, unruly, and take their eyes much more strongly.

The thought that it is ideal to swell the guts of the temryavі zavdyaki to that, that the eyes of the temryavі shine, let's have some mercy.

It is explained by the fact that the intestines can accumulate buildings, like a battery, in the absence of bright light, which is the reason for the glow of the cat's eyes in the darkness. Ale zіr at the intestines, it’s good to know how to penetrate into the place, where the intestines are, if you want a weak exchange of light, you’ll be able to catch the good exchange and for the help of your orientation on the mass. Prote in absolute darkness, gut bachiti, obviously, is not possible.

If enough light is consumed in the eyes of the intestines, the eyes expand and become absolutely round. If you don’t know anything, you can suspect the presence of a creature of this kind that is ill, the intestines are resting at the camp of a strong damage to the chi under the influx of strong faces.

Another peculiarity of the eyes of the representatives of the cat poles is that the stench may be so called the third povka. Its function is to protect the horn of the eye from falling on it. third party phones like a saw. It is possible for the zavdyaki of the possibilty of the line to stretch, poking around the entire surface of the eye. The third povіka, regardless of its function, is more sensitive to infections and weak to various inflammations. The keeper of the intestines should know about it and do not violate the rules of hygiene when looking after the eyes of his lover, so that he becomes ill, as a result of such intestines, he can spend this form of zahistu eyes, such important for her.

The color of the eyes is near the gut, like wool, to lie down as a step instead of in the regional obolontsi pigment or barvnik. The color of the eyes can change from light golden to black. Like and among other creatures, albinos trapleyutsya, the wool of some of them has no pigment. Their eyes are mostly red-faced.

sniffing

A little bit of a scent rose in the intestines more richly, lower in people and other representatives of the class of savants. Possibly, it’s rich enough to explain why, that the intestines were creatures on the back, like they led the nightly way of life. At the same time, finish the stench, go to watering, were especially active, moreover, it is necessary for them to orientate themselves in space in the minds of filthy visibility and in the filthy lighting know the hour of watering the vidobotok.

A little scent helps the intestines and when prompted to stand with a special protilege status. Everything is realized for additional marks, which are overrun by cats when designated between their territory. Appearing at small cochens before hearing that dawn, the scent helps them to know the matir and tease them in other intestines.

For the help of a scent, to inspire the blind kittens without mercy to know the matir

That important peculiarity of the scent of the intestines is those who smell the stench of the building, smelling less of those smells, as they may be more important for them. Insignificant third-party odors seem to be blocked, the brain does not react to them, and, later, the intestines do not move and do not stray.

Dotik

It is not uncommon for a gut to ask for hands and if you stroke and caress, you will squint and look pleased. True, such a description zastosovuetsya only to quiet vipadkіv, if you stroke your gut straight out of the way, and if you do it on the contrary, you will get angry and you can make it dirty. The reason for this behavior is that the organs of the intestines are not only rotting and not the insoles on the collars, but the tips on the surface of the special dotic hairs, which are especially sensitive on the head and front paws.

Sensitively sensitive hairs, ruffled on the paws of the intestines, give it the ability, like fluff, easily and swiftly orientate in the situation. Zavdyaki tsomu won without zusil peresuvatisya at the dark.

Without a doubt, rich people had to watch more than once, like a gut, stepping on a wet or wild place, shaking their paws. It is explained not by the stilts of the deep-seated coarseness of the intestines, but by the special bud-like paw pads, which are overly sensitive in the intestines. Through the organism of the gut, we take away a significant part of the information about the current world.

Zavdyaki zavodzhenіy robotі organіv dotik and іvnovagi uninterruptedly and virtuously pratsyuyut and internal systems. For reasons why small kittens may sound garniy immunity and health.

The characteristic rice of the representatives of the cat family is those who stench in no way sniff an unknown object, but anoint it with a paw on the back of the head, to recognize the sight of dogs, like to know about the object, to squeal, for the help of the scent, to save the stench intestines.

But if you hang around, for the help of such creatures, they separate the savory tastes, then the stench is weaker in the intestines, lower in dogs. The papillae on the surface of the tongue help the intestines to distinguish less contrasting flavors: licorice, hot, sour and salty. Similar to hedgehogs are explained by the shvidshe for everything with a hospitable scent.

Zavdyaki zdatnosti zvikat to the minds of dovkіllya intestines do not react to odors that are incomprehensible to them, like accompanying their days. For example, the domestic intestine does not absorb the smells of buttocks (deodorant, refreshing breath, cleaning powder). Ale, absolutely all intestines react violently to valerian, which is injected into them, similar to narcotics. With each fahіvtsі it is important that different guts react to valerian in a different way. The intestines, coming into a state of awakening at the smell of valerian, as a rule, calmly calm down, flocking to such lazy creatures. The power of valerian is often victorious in the guts of times, if it is necessary to calm the creature, which is very awakened.

At the time of reproduction, you can see the dot, the scent and the ear, and so kindly, they are greeted.

Ale on cats valerian often can be directly opposite the dia. A drop of valerian tincture, which fell violently on the pidlog, is the reason for the attack of the right cat's tale: the cat begins to lick the pidlog, roll, rub for those places, where the infusion has been consumed, with this wine, you can curl with a hoarse guttural voice and finish it. new doubled bulb, hiss, flake, snarl.

With a rich sign, the cat's way of defying its territory for additional spraying of odorous speech, hardly receptive to the human scent. But few people see that if the gut with malt rubs its head in the hand of the kohan ruler, the bottom of the table, the wall and the door, it also marks the territory, the shards on the head of the creature are especially ridges that expand the strong aroma, little memory firmly remind other cats that this area is already occupied.

Of course, the important function of the scent is closely related to the function of reproduction: the scent helps the male to know the female by the smell, I’m ready until the flood, which is a sign of a bowel, when there is a sharp specific smell.

The number of nerve endings in the organs of hearing of the intestine is approximately 52 thousand, while a person may in his order be less than 30 thousand.

The building of these creatures of more than 100 sounds can be called unique, vrakhovuychi, that the human ear does not take a good half of it.

Almost jealous

Tse almost already guessed more, if it was about rhubarb, the development of the intestines was almost like a dot.

The health of the intestines save jealousy in themselves, it would seem, would have been known to the minds of others (hostre of the tops of the palisade, thin girdles of trees, the smooth surface of the vicon cornice thinly) merited by the eye of the eye.

Lasagne on tall trees

The organ, which seems to be almost jealous, is brought into action, roztashovane at the inner vus. Vіsno pov'yazany zі hearing and zor. At the link with the surroundings follow the visnovok, which normally functioning is more likely to be jealous of the mind, that all other systems of the body work so without interruption.

The very zavdyaki feel like a jealous and graceful creature without a fight to walk in high dahas, wanting to trap to fall, and often to reach great heights.

Ale and here it’s a little bit jealous ryatuє gut, helping to land on the paws. Zrozumіlo, tse zovsіm does not mean that the creature can be found out from the window of the apartment on the fifth version. When you fall from a great height, you can become wrong.

Biological features of the intestine

It has already been pointed out more than once by fahivtsy, and simply by lovers of intestines, that stinks are actually recognized by others through their biological features.

The intestines wield a strong character, the stench, as it was already guessing more, chirps to the singing booth and does not like change. Nevipadkovo is the right order, that the dog calls to the owner, and the gut to the booth. Tsya order is not correct, but it is still fair. So, the call to the singing situation in the booth helps to orientate in the space, and whether it’s a change for a certain hour, it will give you a little comfort. And on their own territory, where everyone knows that the widows, the guts, and especially the cats, feel like rightful rulers.

The intestines are irritated by steel and do not like change

This is clearly manifested in the intestines as a reflex of domesticity, pretentiousness to a person and a fasting place of living. It is easier to cope with cochineal cym. In mature individuals, as a rule, they call until the new month of residence, or the master will feel more and more sick.

The guts of the taman are aware of an hour. For whom the rhythm of change dobi plays a great role. To the owner, who wants to learn his love to go for walks and come home at the same hour, it is recommended for 7-10 days to systematically click on it at home, getting food.

As for the mutual intercourse of intestines with other creatures, then, obviously, two important aspects can be seen: aggression in terms of maturity to rodents and hostility to dogs. Seen blue with rodents zrozumіlі - the cost of a hut and wild game. If dogs, then it is easy to walk through the history of hostility, it is possible, varto to believe in the hypothesis of R. Kipling about competition for a place of fire in the furnace of the first person. For example, the butts of peaceful spiving of guts and dogs, like growing and twisting in one booth, are often used to do it.

Bagatioh lovers of the intestines to sing food about the spivvіdshennya of the biological life of the intestines and people. The tables give approximately the age parameters of the intestines and people.

Spivvіdnoshennia vіkovykh parametrіv kіshki i lyudina

The bowel is the perfection of nature. The intestines are not equal to the various physical abilities. The stench is professionally driven by such tricks, like haircuts, lazinnya, balancing, sprinting and sprinting, acrobatics, clinging together, blissfully reacting and boosting collapse.

The most important interrelationship between the highly developed nervous system and the parasitic musculature to rob the intestines with a miraculous mind. Let's look at the body of the intestines more respectfully. "Zvichayna", everyone knows the home gut to serve us as a weekend object.

Skeleton

The skeleton makes up the bones of the cat's body. The veins are made up of 240 ridges and, in fact, they are the same as in all ridge creatures: a skull sits on one end of the ridge, and the other end passes at the tail (at the intestines, vines are folded from 26 ridges).
To the ridge in the area of ​​the shoulder and pelvis, two points are attached. More brushes are joined one by one for additional cartilage or suglobs. More than 500 m'yaziv, great and small, are recognized so that the body of the intestines could win over like a wreck.
The highly developed brain of the intestine reacts bliskavichno. Vіn analіzuє, porіvnyuє, pіdrakhovuє and otsіnyuє otrimana іnformatsiyu, schob immediately send m'yazam order to rationally prepare or relax. Guts walk "navshpinki". Tse means that they walk on their toes, and not like that with my whole foot. On the hind legs, you can clearly see the heels at the look of the knee. Right knee roztashovane on the height of the lower abdomen. There are five fingers on the front paw near the intestine, and the fifth finger is covered with shortenings, so you don’t have to worry about walking for an hour. The hind paw spirals on the chotiri fingers, here thumb Today. Tovstі pіdosvi rіvnomіrno rozpodіlyаyat vаgu tіla сіshki on the entire foot. That's why the intestines walk so silently.
Under pressure, or weakened, they lived, the intestines can gleamingly let out the pazuras and tidy them up from the shkiryans, the little ones that are between the fingers.
Offend the clavicles, like we, people, and in the majority of the savts, the shoulder blades close with the sternum, in the intestines, the flooring is small, which turned into small brushes, so as not to beat the other functions. Tse means that the front paws do not tread the stone bone ridge with the skeleton of the tuba and are less likely to get on strong m'yazah and tendons. That kіshtsi vdaєtsya stribati from the great heights and land, like on springs.

Shkira

Shkira, like a distant light, lies down to the body of the intestine. She's already rickety and shifting. Tsya vlastivist shkiri give an inestimable service in "hand-to-hand" (paws, teeth) sorting out with a supernik or with a vidobutk to repair the opir.
The shkir is covered with a thick mesh of dribnih m'yaziv, blood-bearing vessels and nerve fibers. Numerous sensitive cells react on the skin dotik, heat and cold. Until then, the skin was covered with a thick ball of hair. The skin for the intestines can be even more important.
Vaughn protects you from the cold, sleepy opikiv, skinny ears. Krihіtnі m'yazi, roztashovanі bіlya korіnnya kolіnnya kolіnnya kolіnnya kolіnnya kolіnnya volossa can podnyatі volosі, yak kazіm, dibki. The body of the intestines in this mood is given to the great and strong. This is the effect of the gut of vikoristovu in case of aggression of chi perelaku.
At shkіrі roztashovanі sebaceous ridges, like they see a fat motherland, like a gut when licked rubbing into the hutro, the robs are shovkovist. With this coat and wool, it will seep out so that the intestines will not get wet "to the skin" for a strong board. Krym tsgogo, in the sight of sebaceous ulcers, there is a troch of cholesterol, which, under the influx of sony light, transforms into vitamin D.
With its sparse digestion, the intestines destroy the necessary vitamin for the body.

Zubi

The slits of the creatures are constantly imitating the way of eating. Hizhaks, so, like a gut, are provided with kinja-like kutovye teeth, also called teeth for fishing, for the help of such stinks they can get a kind of buttocks that lean on, mitzno її trim and beat. The root teeth, the sharp teeth, serve for the processing of meat. Vysokospetsializovanym іnstrument іnstrument tsogo serve us so zvіnі zvіd zvіdkushuvannya.
Under them, the remaining tooth of the upper fissure from the skin side and the first root tooth of the lower fissure are also seen from the skin side (near the intestines).
The crowns of both teeth are scrambled to look like buttocks from below and to the beast, like a knife, sharpened with a trikutnik. At the same time, the pieces of meat are cut like with scissors, and the brushes are broken.
Six teeth-rizztsiv mayzhe not vykoristovuyutsya when vzhivannі їzhі. Kіshka khіba vіdrіzaє them surpluses of meat from the tovstoy brush.
And the axis, when watching behind the skin and the cunning - the stench is simply necessary. Quite simply, the gut picks them out of their own skins.

Anatomical features

The body of the domestic intestine for clarity of breeding, jubilation, as well as conducting exhibition examinations, should be divided into mental and anatomical parts of that area. Parts of the body - head, neck, tulub, tail and tip.
The head is subdivided into the skull of that guise. On the skull one can see the dark part, the front-upper part of the head, the forehead, the roof, the crown. The nasal, oral, buccal, ophthalmic and interstellar regions are distinguished on the faces. In some breeds of intestines (most importantly Persian) the transition from the chola to the nose is characterized by the so-called stop - to finish with a pronounced vimkoy. Shia - in the middle of the tiling part up to the shoulder blade. Tulub extends to the back, chest wall with chest empty, chest, where there are milk ducts.
The back is divided into the vertebral plate of the thorax and the interscapula from the left side on the level of the ulnar loam is marked by the heart plate. It lives on the anterior, middle and posterior regions. The posterior part of the abdomen may be the inguinal region. Lives to go to the pelvis and the side. Krizhova is visible to the pelvic region, and the middle and middle regions. Kіntsіvki podіlyayutsya on chest and pelvis.
The skeleton of the intestine is made up of more than 200 different ones according to the shape and size of the brushes. Together, from the musculature and the skin, the skeleton showed the outline of the body of the creature.
On the fingers - retractable pazury. The bowel steps on the pads, on the lower surface of the fingers. Fingers at once from the pads are called "paw". M'yazi of the body, shii, heads and ends create a single, attached to the skeleton m'yazova system, as if at once from the tendons keruh guts.

The herbal system includes the liver, subcutaneous duct and other ducts of internal secretion; won't take care of the reception of that zavoєnnya zhivnyh speeches.

The respiratory and blood circulation system includes such organs as: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries and lungs with bronchi. Shelter provides the body with lively speeches. At the blood warehouse - sirovatka, red and white. bloody body, Thrombocytes. An important organ of blood circulation is the spleen.

The nervous system is located in the brain and spinal cord, nerve stovburs and their endings. Її diyalnіst zdіysnyuєtsya for help organs chutya - dawn, hearing, scent, dotik and relish.

Sechovividni paths and nirks lead from the organism of the creature the products of decay and water from the sight of the cross; sich mіkhur, two sechovods and sichіvnik (falls at the intestines at the penis, at the cat - into the penis) is also a part sechostate system kitty.

The system of state bodies is recognized for reproduction. At the intestine, the ovaries, trumpets, uterus and the outer organs of the anal opening enter - pikhva, vulva; in a cat - a testicle in the scrotum, a stump, a similar duct that flows into the sciatica, a short stump member. The short surface of the penis may have its own physiological recognition: ovulation occurs in the intestine, provoked by mating.

An important role in the body of the intestines is played by the internal secretion glands (hypothalamus, thyroid gland, epidermal glands, etc.), lymph nodes that judge, which ensure the correct functioning of the life of important functions and diseases of the body.
The coat of the intestines is covered with a shkir, in a kind of ruffled shkirn, the hairline, as well as the hairline. On the abdomen and breasts of females there are 4 to 8 milk spots.
Organi pochuttіv gut miraculously rose, about scho vouchat eyes. The eyes of the intestines at night of the building glow with green light. The cat’s eye should not be swollen in the absolute dark, but in the visible dark, if the eye of a person is already called not to be swept, the gut will be well oriented. In all moods, it helps the organic dot.

The chins of the eyes of the intestine react strangely to the light: with light, the stench sounds, and in the darkness they become round. Zahisnym organ of the eye is the third povіka (a flashy retina). The field of view at the gut is significantly wider, lower at the human and dog; the bowel differs in colours, the ale is less contrasting, the lower is the person.

The gut has a clear ear: it’s good to receive ultrasound. A little help to orientate yourself, to recognize the voice of the ruler.

The scent of the gut is significantly weaker, lower in a dog, ale wine is richly thin, lower in a human. The gut reacts to the smell of afar, the wine is also kind to the dog, the grizzly bear, and, wisely, the smell of valeria. The relish of the gut is watching for the help of the sap papillae on the tongue.
The secondary organ is also vibrisi - hairs, ruffled above the upper lip (vusi), above the eye and on the front legs. In the intestines, relieved by the rapt of vibrations, there may be a nervous discord and znikne zdatnist orientate at night and take a break.

The state maturity of the intestine reaches up to 7 - 9 months, but the physical molding is richer. The optimal age for mating is 14-18 months. The estrus in the intestines is spring and autumn trivality 13 - 15 deb. The volume of the intestine is three times close to 9 days (vіd 56 to 65 deb). The last buva has an average of 4 - 6 cochineal.

Zir

Kіshka maє zіr u 6 times hostrіshiy, nizh people. With a bright, sleepy light, the zіnits sound up to narrow meadows, with a weak light or darkness, the stench is great and round. Vikorist's intestines are the least glimpses of light, the daytime air is more hospitable. Like it’s bright today, the gut can’t slap anything just to someone who doesn’t sip light in the eye, as if it’s irritating the end of the quote. Therefore, in the current darkness, the gut does not have any advantage in front of other creatures. Ale in the days, sometimes impenetrable, that the human eye takes on yoga like an impenetrable darkness, the gut is richer for us orienting itself among objects, especially as the stench collapses. The gut can separate the objects of those other creatures when illuminated by less than 20% of the amount of light necessary for the human eye. For a long time there was a thought about those guts, similar to the greater number of other domestic creatures, do not distinguish colors and mix objects with different colors, similar to the image on the screen of a black-and-white television. However, a number of studies have shown that a number of nerve endings of the final form are surrounded in the eyes of the intestine, but they still ensure the singing foot of the "colorful dawn". The color of the final shell is sensitive to the main colors of the spectrum - green and blackite. There are six main colors and 25 shades of gray colors. I, Tim is not less, zdatnіst kіshki razrіznyatі vіdtinki koloru richer, lower in people. Acoustic stimuli are received not only by the ears, but also through the nerve cells of the eyes, which can slightly transmit signals to the brain. There is nothing in the gut. Її zіr rozvineny just fantastic. One single glance - and everything that is collapsing is out. Vaughn, for example, one hour to spit a bird, that strebais right-handed on the heels of a chagarnik, and dzhmelya, that sits angry at a ticket, and that you have the same goosebumps, that you know for a sprat of meters in it. It is distorted, as if the gentleman walked on a hundred meters, the gut is vain for nothing more than outlines.

Kitty eyes, unblemished and taemnichi, - it’s just amazing, the stench glows in the dark, so that the nerves of the ending-sticks in the sitkivtsy especially react to a small light sweat, “clearing up” the image. In the days of the day, the gut to succumb to six times more than a person. Zinitsya, changing the expansion, regulating the supply of light. The vine is similar to the "slit shutter", which, with a bright sony light, is drawn near the vuzka to a vertical slit. The cat's eye can be turned a third time. Vono roztashovane at the inner corner of the eye. For vlasnikіv kishok zbіlshena third povіka to serve as a signal of alarm, oskolki tse can be a little sick - for example, a strong vysnazhennya. Kіshka - Volodarka of majestic eyes. Among the most common creatures of the world, the eyes of the intestines are the largest in comparison with the size of the body of the body, and the size of the eye in relation to the body of the person was the same as that of the intestine, then the human eye is small, 20 centimeters in diameter!

sniffing

The gut cannot be emptied without the light of smells. Having spent zіr and hearing, you can attach yourself to life, having spent a little - no way, you are doomed to death. The crimson of the nose near the intestines is an additional organ of smell, Jacobson's organ - these are two high channels, which start right behind the upper cuts and continue in the sky in Stenson channels. To speed up with him, the creature lifts his upper lip and opens his mouth, pulling him in through his mouth, nibi trying to taste it. Functions of Jacobson's organ dosі not vyvchenі, and є kіlka vosіy yogo zastosuvannya. In the first place, take into account that this organ is attached to the smell of it and add additional information about it, the body will take away the scent, that is the intestine, nasal cream, and perhaps the oral scent. For a different version of wines, serve to spriynyattya statovyh pheromones, tobto vikoristovuetsya for the sake of a sexual partner. Adherents of the third version take into account that the organ itself can be built up to the registration of the smallest changes in the chemical warehouse, and bring it up to the "sixth sense", which allows the intestines to transfer such natural disasters to volcanoes and earthquakes. The scent of the intestines is, however, signifi- cantly thinner, lower ours, but the dog has a greater fahivets, even if it’s more important for the help of the nose.
Smell for the gut is important in other areas - contact, exchange of information with others. Those that people look for help with words and gestures, the intestines look for help with signs and control over their smell. Cats practice this specific exchange of affections in a very characteristic way. The stinks flood the fragrant flower of the field and splatter the moon with the smell of their superniks and cats, as if they live on the same territory, playing with that enviable vitreous steel. The intestines fill up with significantly less sharp smells with their odorous furrows, rotting on the paw pads. The whale rubs his shoulders with his cheeks with a whole suffocating look there, where his sympathy was walking, hanging by himself his own attachments of a sexual chi belligerent mood. The number of cats' hands is not identical to the way the stench rubs against a person's cheeks. If the whale is on the right with a person, wine, in such a rank, demonstrates its stature. On the intestines, a strong intoxicating infusion may smell of singing dews, for example, such as mint and thyme. You intoxicate your own creatures and elderberry.

Dotik

Navit in absolute darkness and silence, if the intestine cannot orientate itself in space for the help of the eyes, it is not bezporadnaya, it has tactile hairs of vibris. Vіbrіs win the role of highly sensitive antennas and give kіshtsi unappreciated help with near orientation. The stench is spread over the eye, on the upper lip, cheeks, chin, on the lower side of the front legs.
The hairs are thicker, narrower, thicker, their roots are richer in the shkir, more richly for the hair and the rich innervation, so that the majestic number of nerve endings penetrates into the hair root. The whiskers on the muzzle are especially distinguished, they are called whiskers. Vusa roztashovuyutsya over the upper lip of the chotirma in horizontal rows. Naypotuzhnіshi and naydovshi vusa are found in the other and third rows. The bowels of the intestines are not a decorative element - the stinks serve the life of the necessary functions.
Zavdyaki їm creature otrimu nayrіznomanіtnіshu іnformatsiyu. Vusa is strangely strangely looking at the least razdratuvannya, catching kollyvannya again, they don’t wind up obov’yazkovo sticking around objects, but to catch those repeating flows, like they blame when the intestines are close to different transitions.
The smallest amount of hair kink is transferred to the root, where sensitive nerve endings are taken, like a negligent informing of the head brain. In the faces of the mіmіtsі, the rozkіshnі vusa plays a role that will not remain. The bowel can hang out ahead of the receptionist of the caress, or, with an angry skeleton, press it to the muzzle. Dotichni hairs of the intestines - dumb sensitive antennae. For the help of the hairs of the intestines, they register the information taken, as if it were direct in the brain, which is how the natural cat oscilloscope works. In this rank, the colony guards its myslivska territory with infallible pride. Whipping and dotichnі hairs do not fall out of the wool at once for an hour of hormonally induced links. The stench is ruined singly and bezupinno v_dnovlyuyutsya. For everyday furnishing, vibrisi cannot be repaid! Sometimes the mums' intestines are filled with whiskers of their little ones and the stink of the little "antennae" of the cochineal cubs. Chi maє tse yakys іnshiy zmіst, it's not reliable yet. Possibly, gut, in such a rank, if you want to save it, so that if you don’t have a nest, it’s too early for a cicada mowing. To pass 5 - 6 months, the first time the baby is on the alert for a normal "wus".

Hearing

The intestines have a wonderful ear! Nature endowed their hearing organs with wondrous vibes: stinks can filter out all the usual noises, like the gut itself vvazhlivshimi (for example, the sound of the ruler's blood). And in their eyes, as it was already guessed, there are nervous cells that transmit indistinct noises to our brains. Those who for us, people, are the "peace of nature", for the gut - a right concert from rustling, sherekhiv, dzizhchannya and crunches; 27 m'yazіv "nalashtovuyut" insults vuha, independently one kind of one, no matter how straight. On the edge of the ear, there is a small fold of shkіri, and є pripuschennya, but nothing else, like a resonator. In addition, the ear of the gut is richly thin, lower in the human being, which miraculously deciphers the "mova of the bears." The bears copulate for the help of sound signals in the region of 40 kHz. The intestines are easy to catch and "negotiate the bear" and always keep accurate information in your order, if the bear is about to leave his nest.
The following data are given: the lower threshold of the sound range is 30 Hz, the upper one is 60-65 kHz, and in 10-day-old babies the upper boundary is 100 kHz. For comparison: a dog reacts to a sound with a frequency of about 40 kHz, a human is able to catch sounds with a frequency of 20 kHz. A little bit in the gut, even if it’s thin, ale vibirkova: її the ear reacts only to those sounds, which are of some interest to her. It’s like a thick sound, but it’s known, the gut won’t roll over, but it’s like it’s unknown, even if it’s quiet, you’ll be on your guard, listen. Sensitivity of the intestines to fullness of sound is 3 times greater than in humans! (As we hear a lot of music, or make up a TV in the room, next give the guts the opportunity to drink in another place).

Gusto

Organic relish distinguishes sour, salty, licorice. girki speech. The intestines are good at recognizing the bitterness and the salty speech, the bitterness, the licorice. Tse, prote mabut, due to this, that the living species of wild ancestors of the domestic intestine is small hot and salty taste of the blood of meat. Mova intestines, similar to ours, covered with sap papillae. The intestines are exclusively divided into a hundred percent of what is worth the taste of that consistency of proponated їy products of eating. Vaughn is the most pedantic client of craftsmanship for the production of food for creatures. Sound the kіshtsi proponuєtsya 10 smakovih directly, for some won, having tried it, you know (yakshcho vzagalі viznaє) ring two or three different ones.
On the upper side of the tongue, there are small horn-stuffed ridges, like a skin of a person, like a short emery paper. Vіd licking with a tongue-rasp, our skin is blackened even after a few dots. The horns clean and lick the cat's hair, help the intestines to fit in with the great lump of meat, squeegee the fiber. The gut does not lap up the water with my flat wash, but gives it the shape of a small groove and suffocates the motherland with soft ruffles and straightens it up to the mouth.

The reproductive system of a female cat consists of the following organs:

• ovaries;
• uterine tubes;
• uterus;
• pixu;
• ahead of the day pikhvi;
• zovnіshni statevі organs.

The ovaries represent a paired organ, spreading across the spacer. This organ is responsible for the establishment of hormones and the dosing of state cells. Regularly have vikhovanki pass ovulation, as it allows them to conceive.

Important! If the master does not plan to breed cats, then it is necessary to sterilize the intestines. In another case, there may be hormonal problems, development of swelling, cystitis and other illnesses.

In the fallopian tubes, the process of flooding takes place, after some kind of egg is transferred to the uterus. The uterus is an empty organ, which is made up of the neck, body and horns. Pіhva - an organ that connects the cervix of the uterus and the outer organs. At present state maturity, the ovaries of the intestine increase in size

Budov state intestinal system

The vulva serves as the main organ of the state system in the intestines. Vaughn roztashovuєtsya lower for the anal opening.

Muds are made up of fibers, which rush under the influx of nerve impulses. Kіntsі m'yazіv kriplyatsya to the brushes with an additional tendon. The quickness of that relaxation of the m'yazіv to bring up the brushes in the swamps, zmushuyuchi їx zginatisya and razginatisya.

Nearly 500 m'yaziv were stashed at the tili vikhovantsya.

The peculiarities of the anatomy of the intestines and її internal organs make this creature look like a right hut. Smooth ruhi, readings and high haircuts are protected by robotic m'yaziv and zv'yazok. Gostrі іkla help to chew rude їzhu, and hearing and scent allow you to capture information.

The representatives of the felines had few peculiarities, which are similar to the budovі bodies of the prosecutor's office and systems, and they have their functions.

Rosemary that vaga

The average body length of a domestic cat is 2.5-4 kg for females and 4-6 kg for males (in all breeds the stench is greater), the length of the body should be 50-60 cm, and the tail - 20-35 cm. heavily permeated fallow in a particular breed.

The intestines have become their own creatures richly piznish, lower dogs. Therefore, the stench saved the body of the body, which is typical for all representatives of the cat family. The length of the trunk of the domestic intestine varies between 60 cm, and the length of the tail - 25-30 cm.

The average cat can weigh up to 6.5 kg, while the Maine Coon and Siberian can reach 13 kg.

You can see 4 parts of the body of the intestine:

1. Head. They separate the mozkovu (skull of the intestine) and the facial (muzzle) parts. To the frontal part also lie the forehead, nіs, vuha, teeth.
2. Shia. Here you can see the upper part and the lower area.
3. Tulub. Represented by the scruff of the neck (five first pectoral ridges and the upper edges of the scapula, which are on the same level with them), back, across, chest region (breasts), croup, inguinal region, abdomen, area of ​​​​milk folds and prepuce, anal region, tail.
4. Kіntsіvki. Thoracic (anterior): shoulder, elbow, anterior shoulder, wrist, pastern and pelvic (rear): stego, knee, gomilka, ankle, metatarsus.

The overall scheme of the life of the skeleton of the intestine is similar to that of the skeleton of other savts, with a hint of some vіdmіnnosti in the forms of rozashuvannye okrimih brushes, which is connected with the horizontal position of the ridge and the maximum attachment to the way of life of the hut. Krіm tsgogo vіdminnostі in forms and budovі okremih kіstok can but zumovlenі pedigree features.

The skeleton of the intestine is folded into an average of 244-250 cysts. The number 230-236 is guessed in the okremy dzherelakh, the oskolki deyakі brushes that grew up, vvazhayutsya as one whole. On those, skіlki of all brushes near the intestines, the tail of the creature's tail is poured in, shards in the new one may be a tenth part of all brushes of the cat's body (a "normal" tail has about 26 ridges).

In the skeleton of kіntsіvok, the intestines see two things:

• The belt of the front points (shoulders), the peculiarity of which lies in the elastic fastened points, which is necessary for the intestines for safe stretching and a comfortable landing. Vіn representations with a shovel, shoulder brush, promenev and ulnar brushes (shape in front), penzle. The rest is formed from the wrist, the fingers are phalanxes of the fingers, which are on the front ends of the whole 5.

Another unique feature of the cat's anatomy is the presence of the clavicle. Vaughn is represented by two dysfunctional tassels, which do not fasten up to the shoulder gag, but rather loosen up in the middle of the muzzle. The shoulder blades are fastened on the ridge for the ribs of the m'yaziv, the ligaments and the tendon, for the ribs of which the shoulders practically do not make the border around the rukhs.

Tsikavo! Through the unique clavicle, the gut is able to crawl through the nayvuzhchi lazi, as if the head of the creature passed through there, the shards of the remains are the most important, but not deformed by a part of the body.

• The belt of the back ends, which is on the front of the shoulder girdle, fastens tightly and unruly to the creases. Wine included: pelvis and Steg's brushes, kolіnnu calyx, great and small homilkovі, anterior metatarsus and metatarsus, to which the phalanges of the fingers are fastened. The pelvic brushes of the hind paws are brimming with a greater dozhina and the most beautiful pinkness are paired with the anterior ones, and the metatarsal brushes are more massive, which is due to the peculiarities of the shifting of the creature (zocrema, haircuts). For rahunok such budovi kintsivok guts can shvidko peresuvatisya at horizontal and vertical planes, that stench of miraculous wood climbers. The hind legs spiral onto the phalanxes of 4 fingers. Like other savts, the litter of cats bend back, the kolina - forward. That part of the paw, which can be taken as a knee bent back, is actually the fifth, and the right knee is ruffled in the lower abdomen of the creature.

It is necessary to look at the back of the skeleton of the creature. Guts, like people, can be attributed to the class of vertebrae, however, the original appearance of the life of the skeleton of the fluffy wiggles lies in the horizontal expansion of the vertebral column and the similar area of ​​the other bones in the skeletal system, which, in its line, is designated by the way of life of those creatures.

The skull of the intestine may be short and round in shape, the expansion may swell and lie down in the form of other signs of depression. With the help of the expansion of the cysts of the cranium, the expansion of the cysts of the muzzle is overwhelmed.

The ridge is made up of 27 ridges, which are subdivided into the neck, chest and transverse divisions. Tsіkavo, that krizh form three ridges, that grew up among themselves. The tail can be formed from different numbers of brushes, on average, 10 to 15 ridges. However, fallow species breed creatures, they can be richer less (for example, among bobtails).

Vzagali tsey organ vikonu important function in the life of the creature. For the help of the tail, the guts encourage jealousy, and also join with themselves like that person, giving reason for the help of yogo ruhiv, from whom the stink is changing moods.

Kіntsіvki bolshostі іshok mаyut well rozvinennuyu musculature, for the help of such a fluffy thoughtfulness of the building, rise up to the victim and bliskavichno attack її. Noiselessness of a cat's walk can be a glare of obviousness on the paws of a creature of unique pads, which may have a great number of nerve endings.

Likewise, all the intestines are smoky, rotting on the fingers. Cheruvati tsієyu zbroєyu, hovati and znovu vypuskati if necessary, the gut is zdatna zavdyaks of obviousness on the phalanges, specially designated for this m'yazіv that tendon. The shape of the pazuras in the larger creatures is sickle-like.

The shape of your normal appearance is determined by the skeletal system with її cysts, cartilaginous and with the right fabrics, with the crumbly sections of various brushes, the swamps of all the stinks, together with the m'yazami, they care for the fluffiness of the intestines, which is so valued by us, - a miracle, born by nature itself.

Scull. The intestines of the middle of the Ukrainian creatures have the shortest skull, moreover, the round cranial box is larger, the brushes of the muzzle are lower. The very same round shape of the head to rob the intestines with a pleasant bowel.

Ridge. To the skull, there is an all-round elastic spinal stovp, which consists of the neck (7 spines), chest (13 spines) and transverse (7 spines) parts. Three krizhovyh ridges grew into a krizhovy brush. The base of the tail of 20-23 tail ridges adjoins to it like a ossified base. The entire system of the skull and spine protects the highly sensitive central nervous system, which is formed from the spinal cord and the brain.

Front legs. The stench is tied with m'yazany with the body and with shoulder blades, already rickety fixed on the body. The clavicle looks like a thin one, similar to a stick, the brush is tangled with m'yazami. As if we were moving the gut only by the front legs, as if they were trapleyaetsya, all over the body hangs on the m'yazakh and tendons, which link the body with the legs. In overly important creatures, you can bring to the spread of m'yaziv і, like a legacy, trival cult.

Back legs. The hind legs are attached to the body of the mitznishe. It’s safe from the mіtsnim suglob, which roztashovuєtsya between krizhom and pelvis.

Fingers. On our feet, tickle all the fingers: five on the front and chotiri on the hind legs, secured with claws that are drawn in. For additional help of m'yaziv and tendon, the sickle-like pazurs can be drawn into the skins of the "lower", so when the stink is running, the podlogs do not stick out and they do not become dull. When scrounging up the appearance of the defense, the fingers open up and the claws climb from their “lower”. All cats, Crimean cheetahs, have a stink of a dirty streak when attacked and attacked.

Khvist. Vinyatkovo rotting tail, which takes the first position in the fallow in the situation, the first for all plays the role of a stabilizer in haircuts and falls. The thought that the whip ryatuє gut when falling in the bagatioh bіd, the idea is relieved. The guardians of this allowance are aware that the gut can, for the help of the tail, drag the body to land on its feet.

Dyhalna system

Dihannia ensures the body is sour, and also helps to get water.

The dichal system of the intestine is similar to most of the representatives of the savants

Before the organs of the breath lie:

The very process of bowel movement can be described by the approaching rank: under the breath of the chest, the lungs expand and the diaphragms of the legs expand and pull again through the empty nasal cavity wild ways up to the reach of the alveoli, they stick with the blood-bearing vessels and saturate them with sour water, expelling carbon dioxide from them.

Anatomy dichal system the intestines are similar to other hygienic substances and are formed from the nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. The dyhalna system is recognized for the development of gas exchange in the minds of dovkil (yakshcho є kisen), as well as the saturation of the body with sourness at the sight of the lungs. Budova, the function and principle of work and legennium is similar to other creatures and does not have the same characteristics.

The head of the respiratory organs is to ensure gas exchange and deliver oxygen to the fabric. Also, through them, the process of seeing the zayvoї vologii is carried out. The dyhalna system takes part in the heat exchange, sees the heat and the fluff gas.

Dihal organs of the cat:

• nasopharynx;
• bronchi;
• trachea;
• legends.

Bengals and other breeds can weigh up to 6 kg, Maine Coon can reach 13 kg.

The nasal cavity is honed with a mucous membrane, as if it were a function of smell. Zavdyaki villi on the epithelium, not to serve as a filter, which cleans the wind, which comes in the saw and wood. The larynx is able to vocalize, which allows the creatures to speak.

The lungs are made up of the rich alveoli. Liva legenya for obsyagy deshcho more for the right (8 and 11 cm3 per day).

The most important organ of the system of blood circulation of the intestine is the heart, as well as the malignant organ, the vaga 0.6% of the mass of the creature. It's making blood for two people with stakes of blood. Passing through the arteries and capillaries, the blood is filled with products of blood circulation and carbon dioxide;

The dyhal system of the creature is built to miraculously function in different minds dovkilla. It will ensure the exchange of life with important gases and the delivery of sour to the organs and tissues.

Organs that take care of the purpose of functions, є: none of the nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. The main organ is the legenia. It is important to know that the blood, as it is consumed in the whole organ from the heart, after the passage of the first stake of the blood circulation may have a dark color, the shards will avenge even a little sour.

The heart and blood flow occupy the most important position in the body. This system is responsible for the supply of all cells with the necessary speeches for their normal functioning, as well as for the removal of slags that are blamed on the cells - exchange products.

Let's take a look at the main physiological indications of healthy intestines, as may be the nobility of the skin sack.

body temperature. Won to become the gut 38.0-39.5 ° С. In cochineal chicks, the temperature is higher, lower in older creatures.

It is important to set the individual temperature of the intestine. For whom it is necessary to control the temperature for 8-10 days at the same time at the same time at the station of physical and psychological peace of mind. It is important here, that the intestines inflamed allowed me to control my temperature. Ale, on the right, vihovannya, you can do it, from a young age, accustoming the creature to the procedure - then you will become zvichnoy. Only then you will be able to reach the correct records.

Lightly covered with fat and chills without intermediary before the procedure, the thermometer is inserted 1/2-1/3 of the 1/2-1/3 yogo of the anal opening. Like a thermometer at the first introduction, it is far from being introduced, it is necessary to try it again. Often the thermometer itself slips with a slight pressure.

At any time, do not stop the force when the thermometer is inserted! It is enough to trim the thermometer and the root of the tail with one hand, following the bowels. The intestine itself can take a pose on the stomach for which one (with whom it is necessary to trim the head).

In case of illness, the temperature for the breed of the doctor must be controlled often. The next thing you need to know is that you’ve been transported, cleared in the liquorice, and changed at the office can raise the temperature of the creature.

Pulse rate. Vaughn, like the temperature of the body, lie down in the form of physical and mental activity. In mature intestines, the pulse rate should be 100 to 120 beats per whilin. You can freeze it on the inner side of the stegna by smearing the stegna artery. And if you shove your chest behind your front legs, you can see the beat of your heart.

Breathing frequency. Won to become an average of 20-30, and in young creatures up to 40 wild ruhіv per quill. At high ambient temperatures, elevated body temperature, or strong irritated intestines, “go wild with a strong mouth.” It is the breath of the open pasture with clenched teeth to serve as a heat exchanger, because the innumerable sweating colons of the intestines are not able to ensure the thermoregulatory function.

Dihannya. Povidrya with respiratory distress through the mouth at the throat, trachea and bronchi, and then at the leg. There are legenevі bulbashki (alveoli). The stench is sharpened with thin capillaries. Here, gas exchange between the organism and the ovnishnim middle is observed. The dyhal ways are often lined with mucous membranes, the cells seem to linger in the fleeting epithelium.

Loved the place of white vikna - you don’t see a short look around the garden

Before speech, in the larynx itself, for the help of voice calls, typical cat sounds - purring.

Heart. Tsey m'yazisty empty body pratsyuє protyazh uhogo life. Weight of the heart to become 0.4 to 0.8 per cent of the total weight of the body (in the gut with a weight of 4 kilograms, the heart is 16-32 grams). With a skin blow, 3 ml of blood pass through the heart, with 110 blows per fiber, 330 ml per breath, and for extraction 475 liters of blood, 20 liters per year.

Shelter. She follows the vessels that go through the heart, the arteries to the capillaries, where the exchange of speech takes place. Potim blood is collected from the veins, which leads to the heart. Mi rozrіznyayemo maly and great krovi krovigu.

Small amount of blood. Vin starts in the right ventricle of the heart, which is reminiscent of venous blood. Through the legenia arteries, the blood vein, full of carbon dioxide and CO2, is pumped from the legenia. Here we see gas exchange between blood and blood. Carbon dioxide is seen, and sour is accepted.

Great amount of blood circulation. Only light-red blood is drained through the legenevy veins at the left heart of the heart. The sound is pumped into the left tube and leaks under the pressure on the aorta in the large blood flow and yogo capillaries.

It is taken from the veins, filled with a dark red color through a distant sourness and an increase in CO2, the blood passes through the right atrium of the right ventricle, and the ring begins anew.

endocrine system

The endocrine system is known to be viable for hormones and vibrations in other organs. So, the brain of the intestine produces antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin, corticoliberin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol and growth hormone.

The superficial ridges vibrate a host of other hormones, which are mainly recognized for their role in the regulation of the exchange of speech, as well as for behavioral peculiarities. In the epidermis, cortisol is also vibrated, a small part of testosterone, as well as epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Іsnuє a number of other ailments of the ovnіshnoї and internal secretion, the principle of work of yakıkh zagalny z usіma savtsyami.

The endocrine system is responsible for the production of hormones, which are distributed throughout the body for additional blood. Otzhe, to pass the control of the activity of the organism. Hormones can zmusiti organs pratsyuvati shvidshe chi navpaki - more.

The number of hormones in the blood is constantly controlled and regulated to meet the needs of the body.

To the glandular system bring:

• hypothalamus;
• hypophysis;
• epiphysis;
• thyroid fold;
• thymus;
• supra-nirkovi ridges;
• lay down the article.

Tsikavo! The diffuse system is distributed throughout the body, and accumulates most in the intestinal tract.

Anatomically, the brain of the intestine is similar to the brain of any ssavtsiv.

Behind its everyday brain, the intestine is similar to the brain of any kind of ssavtsiv

Various parts of the brain are considered for that other function in the body:

• thyme is often used to process information received through sensitive organs;
• great brain vіdpovіdaє for svіdomіst;
• corpus callosum to the right and left pivkul;
• frontal part of the vіdpovіdaє for dovіlnі ruhi;
• scented cibulina is recognized for the scent of smells;
• the hypothalamus sees hormones and controls the autonomic nervous system;
• the hypophysis coordinates and controls the work of other diseases;
• the spinal cord transmits information from the brain to the body;
• the cone-like bulge is responsible for sleep and insomnia;
• brain control ruhi, robot m'yaziv;
• skroneva chastka vіdpovіdalna for povedіnku that memory;
• The utility part receives good and bad signals.

The endocrine system contributes to the main functions that are required in the body for additional hormones. Most hormones are seen in the hypophysis and hypothalamus. Also, they develop a thyroid slug, supra-nipple slough, ovaries in the intestines and testicles in cats.

The endocrine system contributes to the main functions of the body

Nervous system

The nervous system of the intestines is divided into central and peripheral. The skin of these systems in the intestines is standard for greater functioning.

Central nervous systemє head brain, brain stovbur and so the titles of the spinal brain. The central nervous system is the most important in the body, whether it is a living being, and in the absence of it, there are simple and folded reactions, as well as reflexes. In addition, the central nervous system interacts with the peripheral and vegetative, ensuring their functioning and control.

Peripheral nervous system - in vidpovidalnoy for svіdomі ruhovі zdіbnostі kіshki. So, zavdyaki tsіy sistemy, kіshka can change paws, let go pazury, bigati, and swear to lead that way of life, which is out of the way. Also, the peripheral nervous system transmits painful impulses to the central nervous system from any part of the body, where there are peripheral nerve endings.

The nervous system of cats is composed of advancing organs:

• head brain;
• spinal cord;
• nervous storms and endings.

Nervous activity develops with help of organs sensitively. There are impersonal nerve endings under the skin, which can change the behavior of the creature. Tsya system is closely related to hormones, so it quickly reacts to internal and external influences.

In order to understand how the power of the whale and yoga nervous system, it is necessary to learn the classification. Qu part of the body was divided into 2 classes: central and peripheral. The persha is formed from the brain and the spinal cord. With this help, conduction of nerve impulses in the body is carried out. The peripheral nervous system takes information about the ball, vice, dotik, and also transmits commands to the mind.

In the intestines, the nervous system is especially sensitive, which controls the actions of the whole organism, which can be quite militant. For example, under the hour of polyuvannya the creature controls its m'yazi, getting them to a haircut chi іnshої dії. The signal should go to the brain, and then go to the m'yaziv and go out as accurately as possible. You can see the dihannya, forging thinly, to the mimic ones. It regulates the autonomic nervous system.

The nervous system of the intestine is composed of cells of two types:

Blood circulation system

To the blood-bearing system of the intestine, the heart of that judge is visible, like carrying blood throughout the body:

• arteries - judges, like blood from the heart to the organs, the stench is sour;
• veni - judges, like blood in the body to the heart, filled with carbon dioxide;
• capillaries are dry judges who ensure the exchange of speech between tissues and blood.

The heart is a special m'yaz that regulates the flow of blood vessels. Take 16-32 g of the heart near the intestines, it is chotiric chamber and may be 2 halves, the skin of the intestines is 16-32 g. The left side stands for arterial blood flow, and the right for venous. Take a large ear of blood from the left ear and pass at the right atrium. Smaller colo - from the right stubble, which ends at the left heart, then go to the left slunochok, again repairing the great colo.

Pulse - a squeezing of that weakened blood vessel in time with the rhythm of the heart rates. In the middle of the intestines, vines reach 130-140 strokes on the quill and can change in the fallow time due to the emotional and physical state of the intestine.

The colon is my own blood warehouse, and I don’t have the blood of other savants. There are three types of blood: A, B, AB.

The liver and spleen make blood cells. A large part of the blood is occupied by plasma, 30-40% - by erythrocytes, and the reshta - by leukocytes and platelets.

Support system

The rotting of organs in the intestines in the musculoskeletal system is found throughout the body. The apparatus of circulation is made up of brushes, m'yaziv, ligaments and cartilage, like a skeleton.

Axial skeleton including:

• scull;
• ridge;
• chest child.

The skeleton of the intestine is made up of 230 brushes.

The spritnіst and frivolity of the intestines is ensured by the peculiarity of the bud bone.

reproductive system

The reproductive system is viable for the continuation of the family.

The state system of females includes the foot organs:

• vulva;
• pixu;
• cervix;
• uterus
• uterine tubes;
• ovaries.

Vulva and vagina (pіhva) - organs that take the fate of the evil one, also part of the ancestral ways.

At present state maturity, the ovaries near the intestine increase

The ovaries are organs of the intestines that produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is needed in the development of the ovum, and progesterone prepares the uterus to vaccinate. At present state maturity, the ovaries near the intestines increase. Approximately at the age of 11–13 months, the first tick begins - active readiness to mating. The average person has three days and may repeat the skin 3 days, the docks will not come.

The states of the cat's organs are safe for the transfer of our native land, which is to revenge the cells of sperm, and are composed of:

In men, spermatozoa are established and testosterone is vibrated. Spermatozoa vibrate during the life of a cat or until the moment of castration.

The anatomical features of the intestines are made to look like an ideal hut. Skeleton, m'yazi and nerves are safe as accurately as possible and swedish hair, haircuts and amazingly jealous. Gostrі іkla help to chew the creature's hedgehog. Chuynі hearing, zіr і nіh zabezpechayu kіshtsi vlovlyuvannya raznomanіttya zvnіshnyоїііnformatsії. The gut is a domestic creature, which has the anatomy of a wild hut.

I will wake up the organism of the intestines of the intelligence of the peculiarity of watching over the creature, as well as її sickness and їїї likuvannya. The organs of the intestines are united by the system, the skin has a certain function. With whom, the stench constantly interacts with each other, they work like one goal. Tse allows the body to function normally and boost its life.

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Nervous system

It is accepted to split the nervous system into two parts.

In fact, such a podіl was mentally, a lot of storage parts of the nervous system can be ranked up to tiєї, і to another category. The main purpose of SR is to control and manage the effects of the whole organism.

Such a management can be taken care of by the guts (pretty) or in passing. For example, if the creature is in a field, it is beyond the control of the robot m'yaziv, leading them to the most suitable position for cutting. At the brain, there should be a special signal, and at the new one, at one’s side, there should be an instruction to the m'yaziv. As a result, the intestine is removed as accurately as possible.

Before the mimic processes lie breathing, etching, blood circulation, the work of internal organs. With these functions, the creature cannot be cured. Regulates the autonomic nervous system, which is composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic parts.

The first of them is recognized for active activity (a rush of blood to m'yaziv, more frequent breathing and heartbeat, raising the inside of the dibka, expanding the chin). It turns on if the creature is somehow turbulent (for example, it’s not safe). Another dіє exactly the same way. Won pratsyuє, if the gut is resting at the station of calm, rest.



Vshanuvannya intestines in Ancient Egypt - cіkavі facts

Clitini of the nervous system

The entire nervous system (zocrema cephalic) and two types of clitin. Vlasne, nerves, as they are called neurons, they support. The CNS has oligodendrocytes, while the peripheral NS has neurolemmocytes.

The neuron is composed of a body, impersonal short branches (dendrite) and one long one (axon). Dendrites serve as a source of information from other cells. Axons also transmit data for the help of special speeches that vibrate in them - neurotransmitters.

The main function of supporting cells is myelin vibration. This is fatty speech, which evokes the old age of neurons. It’s out to serve the defense, and to inspire greater speed of transmission.



head brain

The anatomy of the cerebrum of the intestine does not have a significant difference in the appearance of the natural organ in the savants. Information from the brain to the other parts of the creature's body and back is delivered through the spinal cord.



Named Viddila	Function
Cone-like slough	Sleep regulation and sleeplessness, melatonin production
Cerebellum	Control of coordination of activities
Skroneva section	Memory control
Potilichna Chastka	Recognition of sound and dotik signals
thyme chastka	Processing of information that can be found in organs
Pivkul of the great brain	Control of information: emotions, behavior, learning
Lobna chastka	Control
Nyukhova cibulina	Odor recognition
Hypophysis	Coordination and control of the work of other branches
Hypothalamus	Vision of hormones and control of peripheral NS
Calloused body	Z'ednannya two pivkul among themselves
Stovbur	Z'ednannya brain with spinal and peripheral NS

SR works in close connection with another system that acts for the regulation of processes in the whole organism - the endocrine system.



endocrine system

The endocrine system is made up of internal secretions. The stench spreads in the central nervous system, as well as in various organs and tissues of the body of the intestine. Zolozi see hormones, yakі zabezpechuyut the main processes of life of the organism (growth and development, reproduction, behavior).



The entire work of the system is controlled and regulated by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus, as well as by its own nature. The important elements of the EC are also the thyroid fold, the supraorbital folds and the folds of the state system: ovaries in females, testicles in males.

Hormones vibrate in the brain, which are responsible for:

• section concentration;
• stimulation of slopes;
• reaction to insecurity;
• seeing milk in the intestines;
• control of the rate of speech exchange (metabolism);
• accelerate the synthesis of melatonin - the sleep hormone;
• the establishment of state cells and hormones.

The stench can be directly injected into that other process, so it can stimulate the production of thyroid hormones in other burrows.

The superficial ridges are composed of two elements: internal cerebral speech and measles. First, hormones vibrate, which regulate the activity of the autonomic nervous system. In measles, cortisol and low levels of other hormones are synthesized, which may be due to a reaction to stress, unsafe and traumatic situations.

The thyroid gland sees hormones, which controls the level of metabolism.

Organi chuttya

Organs can smell the songs (sounds, smells, etc.). Then the stinks transmit information about them to the brains. There it is deciphered and the whole picture is formed.

Eyes

Zavdyaki to the unique rotting of the eyes, as well as to their great expansion, the intestines are already clearly pumped by those who are blown, not only in front, but also from the sides in front of themselves. So the stench vmіyut bezpomilkovo vyznati vіdstan to the object, їх їхікавіт. This type of zoom is called binocular.

The rainbow shell of the eye at the intestines is roaring for the rahunok of m'yaziv, z'ednah with a full-time apple. Tse allow the zіnitsі of the creature to sound and vibrate in the presence of a bright light, which, with its blackness, є zahisnym mechanism. Vіn protect the intestines in the open or privately spend the dawn when the super-worldly amount of light gets into the eyes.

Widely seen in the night air, the intestines are also fooled by the everyday eye. Vіn building vlovlyuvati navіt the weakest change of light, scho vіdbivayutsya vіd objects. Surely, the darkness and the creatures are incompetent.

A characteristic feature of the life of a cat's eye is the so-called third eye. This is a special patch, as it can stretch out and curl the entire surface of the eye. Її funktієyu є zahist organ vіd potraplyannya up to the new saw, pisku and other third-party tel. Ale, the third povka itself is easy to swallow and fire.

Wuha

The intestines have erect ears knitted form ruffled at the upper part of the head, from the sides in front of it. In different breeds, the shape of the vukh is practically the same (with a hint of Scottish folds), but a few trochs are shaped by their size. On the inner side of the ear there is a small skin fold, in which wood is easily accumulated, scorching.

Kіshka can have twenty sim m'yazіv, recognized especially for ruhu vukhami. At the link with the creature, you can turn them at the sound of the sound, so that you can cackle. A bit in the intestines is good. The stench can catch both low and even high sounds, more than half of such human sounds do not catch.

Often they trap in such a way that the intestines with white zabarvlennyam outside that black eyes are completely deaf. Tse pov'yazano s genetics.

Ніс

The intestines are less orientated to the smell, the lower is the greater number of husks, and their scent is much weaker. Proteo scent plays an important role in the life of these creatures.

At the upper palate there is a vomernasal organ, intended to catch the smell and taste at once. This is a thin tube, about a centimeter long, to go near the empty mouth.

Mova

My cat's, like a human's, roztashovani special smoky papillae. Zavdyaki їm creatures distinguish salty, gіrka, sour and licorice. Moreover, the first two kinds of savours are known more often.

The upper part of the tongue is covered with small thick ridges. The stench is needed for cleaning and rozchіsuvannya stink. In addition, the stench helps the intestines in eating great shmatkіv їzhі - it just z_skablyuє tongue ball after ball.

Dotik hairs

Dotik in the guts of resentment is even better. Organs that support new and special tactile hairs. There are two vidi: whiskers and tylotriches. The first ones are called whiskers, the stench is spread on the muzzle, it is more important that it is near the nose above the eyes.



Tilotrichi - all the same, dovge hair with sensitive little tips. The stench is spread all over the body of the intestines, but most of them are on the paw pads.

Dyhalna system

The dichal system is responsible for supplying the body with sour and exhausting carbon dioxide. Dodatkovymi її funktsіyami є vydalennya surplus rіdini (like a couple at sight) and regulation of body temperature.

When inhaling, we sampered us in front of the bow empty. There, the wines pass through their own "filter" - a ball of mucus, which is seen by special burrows. Such a shutter does not allow the saw and granular smite to penetrate the internal organs of the system.

Dali cleansed again to pass through the gourd, throat and trachea. The larynx vikonuє kіlka important functions. Vaughn does not let you eat at the distal path with that voice organ. In addition, it is a support for the gourd, the trachea and the grass walker.

Easy

For example, the trachea is subdivided into two bronchial tubes, the skin of which goes to the leg. The qi tubes are rozgaluzhuyutsya on drіbnіshі - bronchioles. On the edge of the skin, small bulbs - alveoli - grow out of them. Golovne їhnє zavdannya - transfer kisen z legen from the blood and take carbon dioxide from it. In this order, legends are entwined with a mesh of bronchioles and blood vessels.



The lung is the head organ of the dichal system, which consists of two parts. There are two long legs, and they occupy most of the chest. Sound more to the right than to the left. We appreciate that I entrusted the heart with these organs, the shifting of the levoruch.

circulatory system

The circulatory system delivers to all parts of the body the necessary life of speech. The quantity of blood, which is necessary for organs and tissues for normal functioning, can vary significantly.

For example, the brain, which is visibly small, will require close to fifteen hundred tons of blood. M'yazam in a calm camp needs close to forty vіdsotkіv, and the axis for active physical needs - up to ninety.

Heart

The heart is the main organ in the circulatory system. Wine of comforts with m'azovoy fabric and maє chotiri chambers: two hearts and two shlunochki. Vaga heart intestines in the middle to become close to six tenths of a chasm vіdsotka vіd zagalї masi tіla creature. The intestine can have two blood circulation cola:

1. 1. Great. Through the arteries of the blood, it is distributed to all organs and tissues of the body. The stench is entangled with a mesh of capillaries, with which the exchange of speeches is made. Through the veins, the blood turns to the heart.
2. 2. Malium. Through the legenian artery, the blood collapses to the alveoli of the leg. There it is sour and breaks the legenevy vein back to the heart.

bloody judges

Іsnuє three types of blood-bearing vessels.

However, there are some culprits: a legenian vein and an artery. The first one brings fresh blood to the heart, so that we can then pump it throughout the whole organism through the arteries. Another delivers blood from the legend, to the alveoli, to take away the starry kiss.

The arteries are muffling, elastic walls. If the heart proshtovhuє according to the court of blood, the walls squirm and relax. It is called the pulse. In the intestines, yoga can be killed by pressing on the great artery from the inner side of the stegna. The norms of wines can have from one hundred to one hundred and fifty strokes for the plume. It should be noted that in cochineal chicks this figure will be significant (the same is typical for the frequency of the respiratory temperature of the body).

The walls of the veins are thinner, lower at the arteries, so the stench is often eaten by the ears. The pulse for this type of vessel does not go away - the stench is formed from the other tissue and does not rush.

Shelter

The main part of the blood is the gap, the yellow is the motherland, it is called plasma. She herself won't be able to transfer the language of speech throughout the body. Її obsjag zapovnyuєtsya homeland, scho smoky at the large intestine.

At thirty to forty-five hundred of blood, red cells (tiltsya) - erythrocytes - become red cells. Its function is to transport sour.

Also, leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets enter the blood pool. The first ones serve for protection against various microorganism and rotten speeches. Others - vouch for blood spitting.

The intestines have only three blood groups:

• A (widest);
• AB (rarely sharpened).

Travna system

Grass system vіdpovіdaє for reprocessing їzhi, scho to enter the body. From shmatochkiv їzhі see life cursive speeches. Usі vіdkhodi zhittєdіyalnostі and neperezavlyuvanі elements їzhі vyvodyatsya from the organism in viglyadі ekskrementіv.



The hedgehog was chewed from the mouth empty of us in front of the stravochid. Tse tube, like a vede from the mouth to the valve, passing through the neck of that chest. The walls of the stravokhod are made up of fibers of m'azovoy tissue. The main function of this organ is to hold the hedgehog to the hose. For this wall of yogo, there are weakly similar short ones, proshtovhuyuchi in place along the entire length of the tube. As if empty, the walls are stooling.

At the hoses, it gets through a special valve. Nasampred won't go through the crease of the folds on the inner surface of the organ. The stench is needed to trim the great pieces. The tube vibrates a special fermentation acid. Its function is the first re-etching, the laying out of even more simple speeches. After the cut of the grub breast, it passes through the duodenal intestine through the pyloric sphincter.

The small intestine is the largest tubular organ, the largest in the entire herbal tract. Yogo dovzhina at two and a half times, I turn over the deep dovzhina of the body of the intestine. It is made up of three items:

• Twelve gut. There are ferments here that vibrate with a snail burrow, as well as zhovch from zhovchny michur. All the same, eat with a breast and split yoga. This is the final stage of etching.
• Small intestine. The middle part of the small intestine. A long, hose-like organ, covered with villi on the inner side, as if they were burrowed at the already overetched hedgehog. Here the life of speech itself is cremated in the face of the decision and soaked in the roof.
• Intestinal intestine. A short yard, through a yak, a hedgehog was reshaped to pass through your intestines.

In the large intestine, the remaining stage of excrement molding takes place. From them vismoktuєtsya homeland with a method of supporting the water balance of the body. Immediately feces are known doti, doki is not visible through the anal opening.

Like a thin, tovsty intestine is folded into dekilkoh vіddіlіv. Tse:

• cecum;
• rim gut;
• straight gut.

The biggest entry in the cat's body. These are delivered through the blood of the liver, including the liver synthesizing the necessary acids. It’s impossible to grow without a creature’s protein, so it’s necessary for life to eat meat. So, before the functions of the liver, the splitting of toxic speeches and the destruction of the liver are brought. Remain virushay at the zhovchny mіkhur, then the stars go to the twelve-gut.

Visible system

Vіdpovіdaє for the adoption of that accumulated sect in the body, as well as for її far away. In addition, it regulates the water-salt balance.

The battle is established at the nirkah. The stench filters the zayv of the speech, brought from the liver, and it makes them. In addition, the whole organ is used to regulate blood pressure and improve the chemical balance of blood, activate vitamin D and stimulate erythrocytes.

From nirok sich to cross at sich mіkhur by special channels - sich breeders. Here it accumulates and saves up to the seed run. This organ has the same presence of a special m'yaz, which will protect the mimic exit of the section. The sect is brought out of the body through the sechivnik. In cats, wine is long and ends at the head of the penis. The intestines have a short one, and the yogo kinets is found in the lungs.

reproductive system

The stage of maturation in cats is about ten to twelve months old in cats, and in the intestines three times earlier - close to birth. A period in females passes once a month and three times a day for up to ten days.



State intestinal system

The ovaries of the intestine vibrate eggs, this process is especially active in the period, if the day is bright. In these organs themselves, estrogen, a female hormone, is released. The wine is seen from the body from the section, and its smell reminds the cats that the female is ready for mating.

Until the ear of estrus in the ovaries there are eggs, ready to zaplodnennya. However, ovulation in the intestines occurs less often after mating. Moreover, sometimes not the first time.

Sterilization - do a serious operation, at the hour of which the intestines remove the uterus and ovaries. May be carried out to the first tіchki.

Article system of quotes

If the whale becomes static, the sympathizers begin to vibrate spermatozoa, as well as the human hormone - testosterone. These processes are carried on by the stretching of the creature's life. Nasіniki perebuvayut at the scrotum. Therefore, the sperm is more likely to be established at a temperature of three less, lower body temperature.

Ready spermatozoa are saved at the epididymis of the spermatozoa until the hour when they are needed. If so, the stink is directed by special channels to the bulbourethral cavities and the prostate. Here, there is a change in the homeland, to take revenge on the great number of tsukrіv.

A cat's penis has one peculiarity. Vin covered with small hummocky outgrowths. Through tse in kіntsi pairing pihv female fights, scho stimulates the release of eggs.



Castration - milking is a simple operation. At the door of the cat, there are signs of sim'yaniki. Recommendations per year - approximately six months.

Supporting apparatus

Sukupnіst of brushes and loamy, skeletal m'yazіv, links and tendons are called musculoskeletal apparatus (or system). Vin gives the body of the intestine a shape, protects the internal organs from different ears. For all the troubles that their creation is, the same is true of the UDF.

All the elements that are in the musculoskeletal apparatus of the grown-up intestines, are in the organism of the mowing. Yogo growth is going to grow up more and more, the cysts and m'yaziv will not appear, but not the appearance of new ones.

brushes

The brushes are zhorstkі organ, like a folding structure. Stinks are formed from various minerals, mainly calcium and phosphorus. At the end of the skin brush, the stash of the cartilage tissue is cut - epiphysis. The back of the fabric is soft, and for the rahunka it grows the growth of brushes at the koshen. Approximately until the rock, this process is attached, and the epiphysis is harder.

The brushes can perform different functions. The main ones are the molding of the body of the intestine and the defense of the internal organs. For example, the chest cell protects the heart and leg, and the entire skeleton at once from the skull - the central nervous system. Brushes of kіntsіvok vlastovanі in such a rank that the creature could collapse. Even the brushes of the inner ear - stench serve to transmit the sound, and the gut itself can be a little bit.



In the gut, like in the typical savts, there are five types of ridges. Їх quantity is like this:

• shiny - 7;
• babies - 13;
• across - 7;
• krizhovі - 3;
• tailings - up to 26 (the exact number of deposits is in the bottom of the tail).

The gut has thirteen pairs of ribs. The skin of them is attached to one of the pectoral ridges, and the first nine pairs to the sternum. Chotiri bet that they have lost, from the other end of the ribs are free. The whole construction is at once called the chest wall.

The intestines have clavicles, so the belt of the front ends of the closure with the sternum is no more m'yazami. The very eyes of this creature can climb at the arch of the vuzka, open it, and also turn over at the hour of the fall, and land on its paws.

On the front paws there are intestines of five fingers, on the back paws - on chotiri. The intestines bend backwards, and the knees forward.

Kistki kіntsіvok kіshki.

Skull and teeth

The facial and cerebral parts of the skull are approximately the same. In cochineal chicks, the bones of the skull are tied around themselves not hard, so that the intestines are easier to process. The world has matured, the bones are growing.



Slits of the intestines are tighter, like a taman of husky creatures. The milk teeth of the cochineal calves are cut through in the triox-chotiriox tyzhniv. Їhnya kіlkіst - twenty six. The change of teeth is close to the future. Їx thirty:

• 12 cuts;
• 4 ikla;
• 10 premolars (anterior teeth);
• 4 molars (root teeth).

Remain in the day at the milk set of teeth. Rizzi vikoristovuyutsya for the burial of the victim. Іkla is necessary, to cut and drive in її, іnshі well teeth serve for chewing їzhi.

Sugloby

Suglob - a place for two brushes. The stench is subdivided into three teepee, the leather from which they have their own warehouse, the function of that step of friability.

Synovial sugloby dodatkovo sharpened by a special capsule - suglobovoy bag. Rough loams in representatives of the feline family are larger and plastic, lower in other creatures.


Curvature of the fabric

Shkіra and guts will kill the function. The stench protects the body from penetration of infections and microorganism, mechanical damage, ultraviolet changes, thermal and chemical splashes.

The upper ball of the skin is called the epidermis. Vіn is made up of clitin and interstitial speech, which mіtsno z'єdnuіє їх mіzh themselves. Right behind him is the basal ball, and farther - the dermis.

She has nerve endings, hair follicles (root hair and navkolishnіy expanse), sebaceous follicles and other blood-bearing vessels (capillaries). There are many types of greasy ridges.

Okremo varto signifies azure, yak є modified skin. Among them are nerve endings and blood-bearing judges.



Part of the hair of the intestines, as if resting over the skin, is folded into thick layers of the epidermis, which are worn one on one. The stench exudes light, so the wool shines and shimmers in the sun.

From the skin follicle, the growth of a few thin guard hairs, maximum - six. The skin of them is undercoat with soft and thin hairs. In addition, there are special m'yazi, which are given for picking up the outside of the dibka. Such m'yaz comes to the skin follicle.

For the growth and functioning of the internal organs, the internal intestines are rich in what is similar to the internal organs. Ale іsnuyut і vіdminnostі, yakі authorities vinyatkovo tsyu species of creatures.

Dihannya and krovobig Dyhalna system
The main function of the dichal system is the efficient supply of blood to the sour. Dihannia also ensures thermoregulation, looking out for excess water. Normal temperature the body of the intestine is larger, lower in humans, here 38-39 ° C, and in cochineal it can reach 40 ° C. chest clitz zavdyakova to such legends are suffocated and drawn in repeatedly through the nis, and in case of physical urge through the mouth. The frequency of diarrhea in the intestines fluctuates from 20 to 30 dyhalnyh ruhiv per whilin, in young individuals, the indicator is high and can reach 40 zithan. Up to the organs of the intestines one can see: nis, nasopharynx, bronchi, trachea and legenia.

Once, as if inhaling the intestine, to pass through the sniffing apparatus of the nose, exudate through the frontal sinuses, de vin mature, voluptuous and filtered. Through the gourd, yak is brought up to the dichal, so to grass tract, try to pass into the throat and reach the leg through the trachea.
The larynx is folded from a cartilaginous tube, so that it will get into the trachea and take part in the sound-producing vibrations of the placement of the vocal cords. The reason for the vindication of the cat's murmuring, which is accepted for hearing, has not been cleared up to the end. Imovirno tsі sounds are blamed for the help of so-called intestinal-like folds, which are also rebuyed at the larynx.

The trachea is a straight cartilaginous tube, like a C-like cartilage is constantly lifted at the open position. The "opened" part of the cartilage is attached to the stravokhod, which allows you to pass through the new grub breasts. If there is a bowel, the trachea is closed by the epiglottis, and the empty nasal cavity is soft to the bottom. The middle of the lungs of the trachea subdivide into two bronchi: the smut and paio, like in their own backbone, like chicks on a tree, subdivided into anonymous bronchioles, which end in repeated little balls or alveoli. Cyrus, which circulates around the alveoli, becomes sour.

The lung intestines are shaped like a truncated cone with the top in the region of the first ribs and with a curved base, like a dome of the diaphragm, and divided into 2 parts - the lion and the right leg. The skin from them, at its edge, is divided into 3 parts: the upper cranial, the middle and the largest lower caudal. On the left legenia there is an additional part, for the ruff of which there are three more than the right one. The average of the right legenia is 8 cubic cm, and the left one is 11. For its structure, the legend is similar to grono grapes, and alveoli are berries.

circulatory system

There are no special powers in the blood circulation systems. The pulse at the intestine can be reduced by pressure on the stegna artery, which is located on the inner side of the stegna. In a normal state, the pulse of the intestine is 100-150 beats per whilin. And in cochineal chicks, the pulse, like the temperature, and the frequency of breathing are significantly higher, lower in older creatures.

In the world of that, as the heart passes blood through the arteries, its elastic walls actively contract and relax. It is called the pulse. Veins have more thin walls, lower at the arteries, to that the stench of the greater world is safe to the ear. At the veins, the pulse is daily, but the blood through them collapses strictly in one straight line - to the heart, - behind the flaps of the valves that are located near the veins.

The various parts of the body need a large amount of blood. So, for example, only a small part of the body vag falls on a part of the brain, and 15-20% of all blood is needed for proteomu, which is hidden in the body. M'yasi in the state of calm is close to 40% of the blood, and during the hour of physical activity (re-examination of the vidobutka, inflow from the supernidus of the enemy) they can circulate up to 90% of the blood volume, so the blood can be straightened from the m'yazi to the brain.

Arteries are carried like hearts throughout the whole body of a bright-red blood, enriched with sourness in legenia and life-giving speeches - in the herbal system. In the afternoon they bring to bedtime, the livers that nirok more dark shelter, full of charcoal dioxide.
Vinyatok to become a legenev's artery and a legen's vein. The legenev arteries and their capillaries carry sour blood to the legenev alveoli; Legenev veins turn fresh blood around the heart, as if pumping it through the arteries all over the body. Oxide penetrates into the cells in exchange for carbon dioxide, and the veins carry blood to the heart, so that it pumps again into the legeni for the purpose of sourness.

Heart
The heart of the intestine, just like the human heart, in fact, is a paired pump for pumping blood. In the middle of the Abyssinian intestine (about 3.2 kg) there is more than 200 ml of blood. With a skin blow, 3 ml of blood pass through the heart. In the intestines, the heart may be similar to that of the hearts of other savts, but may be three times smaller, according to the ratio to the expansion of the body.

Behind the blood circulation system, the blood is drained to the right part of the heart, as it pumps along the leg artery to the leg for sourness. From the legends, the left part of the heart disappears already full of sour blood. Dali heart hitaє її in the aorta, the stars will expand throughout the entire organism of the intestine.
At the skin part of the heart there is an upper chamber - the atrium, and a lower chamber - a slunot, which is the main pump that pumps blood. Tristulkovy (or atrioventricular) valve zapobіgaє blood rotation in the right atrium from the right ventricular valve at the time of this contraction. The mitral valve has a similar function in the left part of the heart. M'yazi shlunochkіv, zadnani z valves behind the auxiliary tendon, do not allow them to appear twisted at the heart of the atrium with short shunochkіv.

Brain and endocrine system
All organs are sensitive to this, as if they vibrate hormones, transmit information to the brain. The brain recycles chemical signals and through the nervous system exercises commands to the body. The work of the brain requires a significant increase in energy, and, although I don’t want to overwhelm 1% of the body’s body, I take up to 20% of the blood, which is transferred by the heart.

Mozok
The head brain of the intestine is composed of billions of special cells - neurons, the skin of some may up to 10,000 links with other cells. At the cochen, 7 tyzhniv messages are transmitted from the brain to the 386 km/year. From time to time, the speed of transmission changes.

Anatomically, the head brain of the intestine is similar to the brain of any other brute. The brain coordinates rukhovu activity, control of m'yazi. Pivkuli of the great brain are called for evidence: learning, emotions and behavior, and stovbur pov'yazuє їх іz the peripheral nervous system. The head highway, for which information from the brain is delivered to all parts of the body, is the spinal cord. Information obtained from organs is sensitively processed by thyme in a part of the brain. A useful part of the control of odors and dotic signals, and a scent cibulina recycles odors.
For the behavior of the intestines, that її memory is given to the skroneval part of the brain. The hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep and insomnia, produces a pineal rash. Vaughn supports the 24-year-old rhythm of the life of the intestine. The hypothalamus sees various hormones (for example, the hormone oxytocin, which stimulates the process of seeing breast milk in the intestines) and affects the autonomic nervous system. The pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate growth hormones. Fairly impaired control of the frontal portion of the cerebellum, and the corpus callosum of the body behind the lion and the right pivculum of the brain.

endocrine system

The endocrine system is one of the main ones in the regulation of the body, the system of internal secretion, localized in the central nervous system, various organs and tissues. Regulatory injection of the endocrine system works through hormones, for some characteristic high levels of biological activity (safety processes in the life of the body, such as growth, development, behavior and reproduction). The central lanka of the endocrine system is the hypothalamus and hypophysis. The peripheral area of ​​the endocrine system is the thyroid gland, the epidermis, as well as the ovaries in the intestines and the testicles in cats.

Hormones that vibrate in the brain regulate most body functions:
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is released by the hypothalamus, regulates the concentration of the cross section. Also, in the hypothalamus, oxytocin (divinely higher, pdrozdil "Mozok") and corticoliberin, which regulates the vision of the lower hormone, are released;
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) zmushuє nadnirkovі zlozi viroblyat cortisol in іdpovіd on stress or nebezpeku;
— thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland, yak, with its own blackness, control of the exchange of speech;
- melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) accelerates the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal cavity of the brain.
The release of state hormones, ovum and spermatozoa are controlled by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the intestines and luteinizing hormone (LH) in cats.

Nadirkovі zalozi raztashovanі ruch іz nirkami і folded from measles and internal cerebral speech. The cortex of the epidermal folds produces cortisol and other hormones, which play an important role in the regulation of the exchange of speech and the formation of the body's response to trauma. The medulla of the epidermis produces epinephrine and norepinephrine (like adrenaline and norepinephrine). Qi hormones control heart rate and expansion of blood vessels.

• An unknown odor (for illustration, evil) stimulates the hypothalamus to release corticoliberin;

• Corticoliberin, with its black, stimulates the hypophysis to produce ACTH, which is transmitted through the blood to the nadir;

• Having entered the epidermal folds, ACTH stimulates the production of cortisol in the cortex of the supraspinal folds, and in the medullary ball of the supraspinal folds, adrenaline is released at the same time;

• Cortisol, inhibition by the bark of supra-nural ulcers, inhibition of corticoliberine, so that the reaction was under control.

Nadirkovі zalozi є zhittєvo an important element of the biological system of the immune system, which controls the reaction "fight-abo-bіzhi" and without intermediary influencing the behavior of the intestine. Mekhanizm zvorotnogo vyazkayut nastr_y kіshok, їhnya comradeship and tameness.

State system

Sechovividni paths and nirks lead from the organism of the creature the products of decay and water from the sight of the cross; sich mіkhur, two sechovods and sechіvnik (falls at the intestines at the pihvu, at the cat - into the penis) is also a part of the cat's sechostate system.

The system of state bodies is recognized for reproduction. At the intestine, the ovaries, trumpets, uterus and the outer organs of the anal opening enter - pikhva, vulva; in a cat - a testicle in the scrotum, a stump, a similar duct that flows into the sciatica, a short stump member. The short surface of the penis may have its own physiological recognition: ovulation occurs in the intestine, provoked by mating.

State maturation of both intestines and cats reach, in the middle, up to age 6 - 8 months. But it doesn’t mean that until this century the growth of the development of the body has ended, so that the physiological maturity has vindicated, as to speak about the possibility of victorious creation for creation. Physiological maturity in the intestines, fallow in breed, manifests itself in women from 10 months to 1.5 years. Only in the last century it is possible to carry out mating and to ensure the appearance of healthy offspring without harm to the organism of the fathers.

Nervous system
The nervous system functions in conjunction with the endocrine system, directing all the life functions of the intestine. Nervous system quickly reacts like in the internal, and external subdivisions. Some nerve processes of the intestine can be controlled independently, and others are coordinated on the most important level.

The nervous system is mentally subdivided into two parts - central and peripheral. In fact, the nervous system works as a single whole, and its elements can be brought to the central, and to the peripheral system.
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord - the command center and a kind of "highway" for conducting nerve impulses along both lines.
Peripheral nervous system takes information about temperature, dotik, pressure and pain and transmits instructions to the mind. It is composed of craniocerebral, spinal and peripheral nerves.
The craniocerebral nerves seem to be responsible for the shortness of the m'yazіv denunciations and the transmission of information from the organs of the senses. The spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord along the entire dorsum, tying in the distance of the trunk of the body from the central nervous system.

Nervous cells
The nervous system is composed of nerve clitin neurons and clitin, which stimulate them and vibrate myelin.
In the body of the neuron, the pins - dendrites enter, as they take away information from other clitins. The skin clitina has only one long-standing growth - the axon, which helps to support other nerve clitinae or directly to the organs. All the prompts to transfer neurotransmitters, or transmitters - chemical speech that vibrates in axons. The nervous system of the intestine constantly transmits that otrimuє majestic quantity of remembrance. Skin clitina strengthens the support of thousands of other clitins.

Myelin is a fatty protective membrane that covers the largest axons and the most rapid transmission of support between nerves. The nerve fiber is formed from the axon, the myelin sheath and the cells, so that the myelin vibrates.
Myelin occurs in the central nervous system as clitins, which are called oligodendrocytes, and also in the peripheral nervous system as neurolemmocytes. Deyakі nervi mієlіnovu mієlіnovu obolonka nadzhennі, but in cochineal chicks nerves myієlіnіzuyutsya quickly and even effectively.

Svіdomy control and reflection
Rich functions of the nervous system are under sufficient (volitional) control. If the intestines succumb to the victim, they control their scum in such a way that it’s more accurate to shoot at it. Sensory nerves transmit messages to the brain, and motor nerves transmit instructions to the brain to the mind, stimulating them in such a way that it is necessary for the intestines for a more accurate haircut. However, other forms of activity can be passed in passing. Sound the function of the internal organs, the regulation of heart rate and breathing, the process of etching.

Such a fleeting activity is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which consists of two parts: sympathetic and parasympathetic. First stimulate activity, rot a friend.
If the bowel is indulgent, a fleeting activity of control is parasympathetic to the part of the nervous system: the bowels are ringing, the heartbeat and the breath are more regular. If the gut is nervous, a pretty nervous system comes into play: it activates the hypothalamus and the hypophysis of the brain, stimulating the work of the supra-nural ridges (wonderful more, pіdrozdil “Endocrine system”) and preparing the reaction. Blood comes from the internal organs of the m'yazi; podshkirnі vipryamnі m'yazi zamushuyut outward get up dibki, heartbeat quicken, zіnitsi expand, so that the gut could better bachiti.