Call sickness of the blood. Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs. Ailments caused by snakes in red bloody bodies


Illness of the blood due to various disorders of the form of the elements, their life, the expansion of the power of the plasma. In medicine, the term "systemic blood poisoning" is accepted. Vin represents a broader understanding and includes the pathology of organs, which produce erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes (cystic brain, lymphatic nodes and spleen).

The breadth of the middle population

For a number of illnesses, blood poisoning is not included until the “15th Ailments”, designated by the All-World Organization for the Protection of Health as the most widespread in the world.

But in Russia, the statistics can be seen about the other important figures: against 1990, the incidence of ailments of the population with diseases of the blood system increased by 3.6 times.

This called for the development of hematological studies, the search for help in the fight against pathology, the additional expansion of the number of profiles in specialized hospitals, the training of doctors in general specialties.

It is necessary to know the doctors of the primary lanka, as clinical manifestations of the pathology of the blood and hematopoietic organs, in order to promptly refer the patient to a hematologist.

The lower blue line shows the graph of the growth of blood poisoning behind the rocks

Cause

Brought innumerable reasons that lead to changes in the blood. And yet there are more mysteries. Vcheni vvazhayut, scho mayut right to vkazuvat at different officials riziku.

  • gostrі and chronic blood loss lead to the destruction of hematopoiesis, aggravated by the decay of cells in anemia;
  • mutations in the human genome under the influx of chemical speeches (cytostatics, antibiotics, industrial alcohols), radioactive drug abuse;
  • spadkovy transmission of sickness to sickness may be in families, de blame for blood ailments in children;
  • ВІL-іnfikuvannya that Epstein-Barr virus.

Definitely po'yazati yakus іz reasons іz zahvoryuvannyam konechnoї lyudiny impossible. Only a little trouble in life situations can lead to sickness.

classification

In the International Classification of Ailments (ICH-10), over 90 nosological entities were seen on blood ailments.

The clinical classification has been simplified to see 4 groups of ailments associated with one pathological process:

  • anemia - signified as a decrease in hemoglobin;
  • hemorrhagic diathesis - ailments with broken throat;
  • hemoblastosis - swelling disease of clitin-growths from the cystic brain, lymph nodes;
  • A group of other pathological manifestations.

The dermal group is still growing impersonal, fallow types of clinical overrun, attacks on specific blast cells, and other causes of ailment.

For information about blood poisoning, it is important to protect the first signs of illness. Therefore, in practice, it is more appropriate to classify posindromicly with the sightings of the symptomatic complexes. All symptoms in them can be subdivided into the main ones, which are characterized by damage to a particular hematopoietic organ. However, patients may get sick with a lot of illness, similar clinical manifestations.

Ailments with anemic syndrome

The group includes all types of deficiencies, associated with decreased hemoglobin, impaired tolerance and assimilation of sourness and development of tissue hypoxia (sour hunger).

Symptoms:

  • head bіl, scho to wear a zavjatny character;
  • zamorochennya, unpretentiousness;
  • listening to "the noise at the wuhah";
  • butt;
  • tachycardia and prickly pains in the dilyance of the heart;
  • "darkness of the blinking flies" in the eyes;
  • increased stubbornness;
  • reduced memory;
  • drativity, sleeplessness.

In people of a frail age, with a moderately low hemoglobin, the cause is heart failure.

Specific symptoms of a particular type of anemia are not included here (diseases of relish in case of chronic deficiency anemia, yellowing of the skin and sclera in case of hemolytic or hemorrhage, in case of hypoplastic anemia).

Ailments with manifestation of viraz-necrotic changes

Virazkovo-necrotic lesion is possible with a significant decrease or decrease in granulocytic blood parity, leukemia.
Symptoms:

  • pain at the throat;
  • violations of the process of forging through sharp sickness;
  • slinotech;
  • attack the pain in the abdomen, bloat;
  • diarrhea;
  • smell from the mouth;
  • was at the anal opening.

When looking around, the eyes appear in the empty mouth (stomatitis), on the mucous membrane of the pharynx (angina), with esophagoscopy - in the stravokhod, with colonoscopy - in the intestines.


So looking stomatitis

Ailments from hemorrhagic changes

The syndrome of causing a decrease in the total number of platelets or their impaired function, an increase in the penetration of the arterial wall, an increase in the reduction of fibrinogen and platelets in the process of larynx. Characteristic for thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia, aplastic anemia, hemorrhagic vasculitis.

Symptoms:

  • bloody in the skin, mucous membranes (sclera of the eyes), m'yazi, loam, injections;
  • bleeding and bleeding from the nose, clear, intestines, regular menstruation.

Ailments for increased lymph nodes

The syndrome is called lymphadenopathic. It is accompanied by the growth of tissues of lymph nodes, pressure of the vascular vessels and organs. Fallow in the localization of larger nodes, symptoms are manifested:

  • backside and dry cough (lymph nodes in the middle wall);
  • "overlapping" of the intestines, bloating of the abdomen, damaged deformity (external and mesenteric nodes).


This is how the larger lymph nodes look on the shoulder

Ailments with increased body temperature

Causes of febrile illness in blood pathology are attributed to specific pyrogenous products of the breakdown of blood clots and tissues during the viraz process. It develops in hemoblastosis, lymphosarcoma.

Symptoms: trival increase in body temperature, fluidity, chills.

Ailments with pronounced intoxication

Intoxication manifests itself differently in pathology of the blood:

  • severe weakness - no matter what kind of appearance, it causes deficiencies and collapses of clitin (anemia, leukemia);
  • sverbіzh shkiri - due to fluctuations in histamine and blood clotting, increased basophilia (lymphogranulomatosis, myeloid leukemia), impaired microcirculation in shkiri (erythremia);
  • loss of appetite, vtrata vaga - with evil lymphomas.


Symptoms of fever and intoxication with some ailments appear in the daytime, for others - at night

Ailments with pain in the swamps and brushes

This is a sign, like an osteoarthropathic syndrome of bandages from inflamed loam, bloody in the loam bag, sprouting of puffy tissue in the cystic tissue.

Symptoms:

  • pains in the ridge, ribs, air cysts, skulls, more often in the tubular cysts of the kіntsіvok (myeloma ailment), often have an independent kind of character, ache during a battle;
  • root radiculitis pain (with lymphogranulomatosis, myeloma) due to growth in nerve storms;
  • severe pain (hemolytic anemia, lymphogranulomatosis, hemophilia);
  • swelling and blackening of the clods, impaired function.

Ailments with immunodeficiency

The decrease in immunity is due to the deficiency of clitin, the production of antibodies on the moisture tissue. The camp is manifested by occasional colds, aggravated by infections, pneumonia, bronchitis. On shkіrі be-yakі drіbnі wounds lead to suppuration. In nirkah, the inflamed condition is pyelonephritis, and the autoimmune process is glomerulonephritis.

Ailments with damage instead of protein in plasma

Symptoms:

  • parts of headache;
  • memory loss;
  • names and pains in kіntsіvkah;
  • increased bleeding is clear, tongue, nose;
  • promotion arterial vice;
  • lowering the dawn.

Ailments for enlarged liver and spleen

Pathology is called hepato-splenomegaly. It develops in infectious mononucleosis, autoimmune hemolytic, sickle cell and B12-deficiency anemia, thrombocytopenia, hostile leukemia, chronic lymphatic myeloid leukemia.

Characterized by symptoms:

  • heaviness of pain in the upper part of the abdomen;
  • enlargement of the abdomen;
  • increasing weakness;
  • Zhovtyanichnist shkiri at the last stages.

Other syndromes occur less often. Sometimes the reaction from the side of the blood is motivated by the presence of chronic illness. For the manifestation of which for the first manifestations, the patient is advised to pass externally trimmed.

How to get ahead of blood diseases

For prevention, it is necessary to try to unify all critical factors:

  • exuberant be-yakі zahvoryuvannya that become, scho suprovodzhuyutsya bleeding;
  • seriously placed before the manifestation of that exuberance of helminthic invasions in children and grown-ups;
  • bring to the end the exaltation of hostile infections;
  • take enough vitamins and minerals every day;
  • to control the dose of prominence during X-ray obstezhenni, to uniquely change the order from the gerelami of vipromination;
  • change the contact, koristuvatisya obov'yazkovym zakhistu pіd hour of work with farbs, benzene, lead salts, otrutokhіmіkatami and other unsafe speeches;
  • improve immunity;
  • do not give yourself overcooling or overheating;
  • learn how to cope with stressful situations with the least expenses.

Come in to normalize the process of hematopoiesis, to preserve health and practice.

The symptoms of ailments of the blood system are different and most of them are not specific (these stinks can be caused by diseases of other organs and systems). Itself through non-specificity is a sign of a rich ailment, they do not seek medical help at the first stages of illness, but come only once, if there are few chances for dressing. However, patients should be more respectful of themselves and in case of doubts in good health, rather than “pull” and do not check until they “get over it themselves”, but immediately turn to the doctor.

Otzhe, let's take a look at the clinical manifestation of the main diseases of the blood system.

Anemia

Anemia can be an independent pathology that can be blamed as a syndrome of other illnesses.

Anemia - a group of syndromes, a sacred sign such a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood. Sometimes anemia and self-limiting illnesses (hypo-or aplastic anemia and so on), and more often it develops like a syndrome with other blood diseases or other systems of the body.

Іsnuє kіlka vidіv аnemia, savage clinical sign of є аnemіchny syndrome, indications for sour starvation of tissues: hypoxia.

The main manifestations of anemic syndrome are:

  • glare skinny curves that of visible mucous membranes (mouth empty), nail bed;
  • increased stubbornness, visibly gross weakness and brokenness;
  • confusion, blinking of flies in front of the eyes, headache, noise at the ears;
  • disturbed sleep, impaired or worsened appetite, statuary cravings;
  • more frequent breathing, apparently unsatisfied again: ass;
  • almost heartbeat, quick heart rate: tachycardia.

Manifest polyzodeficiency anemia not only hypoxia of organs and tissues, but also a deficiency in the body of the hall, signs of which took away the name of sideropenic syndrome:

  • dryness of the skies;
  • cracks, cracks in the corners of the company - angular stomatitis;
  • sharuvatist, lamkist, transverse swarthy nails; the stench is flat, sometimes navіt vіgnutі;
  • look at the liver of the movie;
  • tasting savory toothpaste, kreyda, drank;
  • addiction to certain atypical smells: gasoline, acetone and others;
  • hard forging hard and dry;
  • in special women's status - no slashing at smіkhі, coughing; in children -;
  • m'yazova weakness;
  • in important moods - a little bit of heaviness;

B12 and folate deficiency anemia are characterized by the following:

  • hypoxic or anemic syndrome (signs described above);
  • signs of injury to the mucosal-intestinal tract (anxiety to meat, decreased appetite, tingling in the area of ​​the tip of the tongue, damaged relish, “varnished” language, tedium, vomit, stove, trembling, impaired degeneration -, carry);
  • signs of damage to the spinal cord, or funicular myelosis ( head bіl, almost naming in kіntsіvkah, almost tingling that call of goosebumps, not a move);
  • psycho-neurological impairment (draftness, inability to overcome the simplest mathematical functions).

Hypothesis of aplastic anemia start sounding step by step, but sometimes they make their debut loudly and progress boisterously. Manifest tsikh zahvoryuvan can be grouped in three syndromes:

  • anemic (they spoke more about the new one);
  • hemorrhagic (various rozmiriv - dotted, or in the case of visible patches - hemorrhages on the shkir, slunic-intestinal bleeding);
  • immunodeficiency, or infectious-toxic (sustained increase in body temperature, infectious disease of any organs - otitis toshcho).

Hemolytic anemia The symptoms are manifested by signs of hemolysis (ruining of erythrocytes):

  • zhovte zabarvlennya skіrnih pokrivіv that sclera;
  • improvement in the spleen rosemary (ailments commemorate the light in the left side);
  • temperature rise;
  • chervona, black chi bura cutting;
  • anemic syndrome;
  • sideropenic syndrome.

leucosis


In case of leukemia, cancerous cells replace healthy cells in the cystic brain, a deficiency of them in the blood, and improve clinical symptoms.

This is a group of evil puffs that develop from hematopoietic cells. Changes in cells multiply in the cystic brain and lymphoid tissues, suppressing and replacing healthy cells, and then they appear at the blood and are distributed through the bloodstream throughout the body. Regardless of those that the classification of leukemia includes close to 30 diseases, clinical manifestations can be grouped into 3 major clinical and laboratory syndromes:

  • chubby growth syndrome;
  • puffy intoxication syndrome;
  • hematopoiesis syndrome.

The syndrome of chubby growth is due to the expansion of evil cells on other organs of the body system and the growth of feathers in them. Manifest yoga like this:

  • enlargement of lymphatic nodes;
  • enlarged liver and spleen;
  • pain in the brushes and swamps;
  • neurological symptoms (persistent headaches, tedium that does not bring relief of vomiting, insomnia, convulsions, squint, clumsiness, paresis, paralysis, and so on);
  • change on the shkіrі - the adoption of leukemіdu (humpbacks in white color, which are made up of plump clitins);
  • inflamed gums.

Syndrome of puffy intoxication due to sightings of malignant slurries that are biologically active for the body, circulation of products from the breakdown of slurries throughout the body, change in the exchange of slurs. Yoga signs are:

  • unwellness, severe weakness, stubbornness, drastically;
  • decrease in appetite, poor sleep;
  • drinkability;
  • temperature rise;
  • sverbіzh shkіrnih pokrivіv;
  • vtrata masi tila;
  • bіl u globakh;
  • nirkovi tricks.

Syndrome of hematopoietic insufficiency due to a combination of erythrocytes (anemic syndrome), platelets (hemorrhagic syndrome) or leukocytes (immunodeficiency syndrome) in the bloodstream.

Lymphomi

Malicious – a group of swellings of the lymphatic system, which are blamed for the adoption of pathologically altered lymphoid cells, which can develop to uncontrolled proliferation (reproduction). Lymphoma has been divided into 2 great groups:

  • khodzhkinsky (hodzhkin's ailment, or lymphogranulomatosis);
  • non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Lymphogranulomatosis- cerebellum of the lymphatic system with primary lesions of the lymphoid tissue; to become close to 1% of oncological diseases in adults; more often suffer individuals at the age of 20 to 30 and older than 50 years.

Clinical manifestations of Hodgkin's disease:

  • asymmetric enlargement of the cervical, supraclavicular and inguinal lymph nodes (the first manifestation of illness in 65% of patients); knots are painless, not soldered between themselves and with unnecessary tissues, crumbling; with progressing ailments, the lymph nodes form conglomerates;
  • in cutaneous disease 5th lymphogranulomatosis debuts with enlarged lymphatic nodes in the middle wall, which is asymptomatic on the back, then coughing behind the sternum, buttocks);
  • after a few months, on the cob, the symptoms of intoxication appear and progress slowly (stomp, weakness, drunkenness, loss of appetite and sleep, loss of body weight, fluttering of the skin, increased body temperature);
  • sluggishness to viral infection and fungal etiology;
  • step by step, all organs are attacked, to avenge the lymphoid tissue - they blame pain in the space of the sternum and in other cysts, the liver and spleen increase in size;
  • signs of anemic, hemorrhagic syndrome and the syndrome of infectious complications appear at the early stages of the disease.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas- the whole group of lymphoproliferative diseases from the primary localization is more important in the lymph nodes.

Clinical manifestation:

  • sound, the first manifestation is the scaling of one or more decal lymph nodes; when smeared, the lymph nodes are not soldered to each other, painless;
  • sometimes, in parallel with the increase in lymph nodes, there are symptoms of severe intoxication to the body (waste of body fat, weakness, fluttering of the skin, increased body temperature);
  • in a third of ailments, the posture is affected by lymph nodes: in the shkir, oropharynx (mygdala, sinus follicles), brushes, duct-intestinal tract, legenia;
  • as lymphoma is localized in the duct-intestinal tract, sickly turbulence, nudity, vomitting, burning, wheezing, pain in the abdominal cavity, constipation, passing, intestinal bleeding;
  • sometimes lymphoma attacks the central system, which is manifested by severe headaches, repeated vomiting, which does not bring relief, convulsions, paresis and paralysis.

Myeloma


One of the first manifestations of myelomy is pain in the bones.

Myelomna ailment, chi multiple myeloma, chi plasmacytoma - a type of swelling of the blood system; resemble the predecessors of B-lymphocytes, which save the same building before differentiation.

Main syndromes and clinical manifestations:

  • pain syndrome (pain in the space of the bones (ossalgia), cranial pain between the ribs and across (neuralgia), pain in the peripheral nerves (neuropathy));
  • syndrome of destruction (ruining) of the bones (pain in the space of the bones, associated with osteoporosis, compression fractures of the bones);
  • hypercalcemia syndrome (increased calcium in the blood - manifested by tedium and pain);
  • hyperviscosity, hypercoagulability syndrome (as a result of damage to the biochemical blood structure - headache, bleeding, thrombosis, Raynaud's syndrome);
  • recurrent infections (as a result of immunodeficiency - recurrence of tonsillitis, otitis media, pneumonia, pyelonephritis and so on);
  • syndrome of nirk insufficiency (bruises that blame the cob on the face and step by step expand on the trunk and kinks, arterial occlusion advancement, which cannot be corrected by major antihypertensive drugs, turbidity of the sciatica, the appearance of a bulge);
  • at the early stages of the disease - anemic and hemorrhagic syndromes.

Hemorrhagic diathesis

Hemorrhagic diathesis is a group of illnesses, a common sign of them is bleeding. These ailments can be associated with disorders in the blood larynx system, decreased number and/or platelet function, pathology of the vessel wall, and consequential disorders.

Thrombocytopenia– Change in platelet count in peripheral blood is less than 140*109/l. The main sign of this disease is hemorrhagic syndrome of various degrees of severity, which can be directly deposited in the form of platelets. Sound the ailment may be chronic in nature, but it may prot_kati and gostro. Illness animal respect for the points of hanging, which appear spontaneously or after injuries, bleeding on the skin. Blood penetrates through wounds, injections, surgical stitches. More likely to be afraid of nosebleeds, bleeding from grass tract, hemoptysis, hematuria (blood at the crossroads), in women - regular and triple menstruation. Sometimes the spleen grows.

Hemophilia This is the only disease that is characterized by impaired glottis due to the marriage of one of the other internal factors of glottis. Clinically

The main analysis, which is used by people to be a kind of doctor, to which they are treated with skargs, is a deep analysis of capillary blood. Among the people, yoga is called blood "from the finger", and doctors call it a hemogram. It shows, it indicates the inflammation, the bacterial nature of the virus, it indicates the integrity of the delivery system to the tissues through the hemoglobin.

But it is important in this laboratory test and even more: it allows you to carry out an on-the-fly diagnosis (we will need to re-exhaust) disease of the blood system - acute and life-threatening pathologies, which may cause minimal symptoms or masking of other illnesses. More details about them will be discussed below.

A tour of theory

Only on the look of the blood is given by a homogeneous motherland of different red colors. Ale, with microscopy, it appears that the suspension, that is the motherland, defloats the clitin. Remain the form elements of that which is not all stench - cells in biologically sensible words, to wash the nucleus, organelles and mitochondria. The function of the shape of the elements is different:

  • Leukocytes are the cells of immunity. The stench is divided into 2 groups: neutrophilic and lymphocytic. The first bacteria to grow, zakovtuyu that "peretravlyuyuchi" їх. The same number of neutrophils grows with bacterial infections. Lymphocytes - clitiny, as soon as the infection begins to produce antibodies - immunoglobulins. The stench fights against a severe infection, and then it changes and gets lost in the body as information about the transferred pathology. If that same microbe is again consumed by a human being, its reaction is already richer.
  • Erythrocytes are disc-like elements that do not avenge any nuclei, more quantity provisions of clitin organelle. Your task is to bring kisen to the clitins, voddati yogo, and the natomist to take carbon dioxide and bring the rest to the legends, de the rest I will “exchange” for kisen.
  • Thrombocytes - clitiny, which close the walls of the vessel with themselves and make a blood clot. They are closely related to the clitins of the inner lining of the capillary, arteries and veins (epithelial cells call them for additional chemical speech), as well as to the proteins of the laryngeal system, which are distributed in plasma.

A rare component of blood is called plasma. In a new variety of proteins, antibodies, electrolytes and microelements, cholesterol, vitamins, carbohydrates and lipids. Here, hormones, enzymes, gases (including nitrogen, oxyfuel, carbon dioxide), signal molecules, growth factors and many other speeches are transported here.

Blood as a whole system

The blood itself is cloth. It has specific antibodies - Rh factor proteins, proteins of the A, B system and zero (4 blood groups are based on this classification, which are considered the main ones in our lands), proteins of a great number of other blood groups. If speech is interrelated with superficial antigens of erythrocytes: if an antibody floats in the plasma to protein A, then such a protein cannot be found on red blood bodies, otherwise it will decay, and a person cannot live.

Therefore, blood transfusion is a similar procedure, as well as transplantation to an organ: it is life-threatening, but it is also necessary to reverse the totality of the tissues (blood) of the donor of that person, which is indicated for transfusion, so that there is no mass decay of erythrocytes, and the nurse systems are disturbed. .

On leukocytes, which float near the blood, there are a large number of receptors - sensors that scan the blood for the presence of any foreign agent. If vchenі tse showed, the stench was blocked to transfuse a whole blood. Even in the blood of the donor, there will be 100 leukocytes, and the change in the structure of їх receptors “at all points” with the receptors of the recipient will be reduced to zero (even more rich, so blood relatives do not have to be similar). And rozbіzhnіst threatens different reactions, in which diseases of various organs develop.

Therefore, in the world of infections, a transfusion of erythrocytes, plasmite, and platelets is carried out at the same time. For skin such manipulations, there are several medical indications.

Shelter is a fabric that supports its integrity. The proteins of the laryngeal system are different (most of them are vibrated in the liver), which interact with the “blood plates” - platelets. In case of a sudden judge, a platelet “sealed a breach” in the middle, after which it gives a signal to the system of hemostasis (to make it choke), and in this area a clear sweat is established, which does not allow bleeding. Hemostasis is activated both in case of injuries and inflamed diseases of any organ. So that all the blood does not burn, in it there are antagonistic proteins, the system that burns. Offensive stench in the norm is rebuyed with jealousy, but as if to destroy it, it develops under the name "coagulopathy". The signs of such blood poisoning are radically different in pathologies associated with a change in the number of blood cells.

Blood system

Shelter does not appear "nіzvіdki". All these forms of the elements are settled in the cystic brain, and in the skin pariet - erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet - have their own "niche", where the skin goes through its stages of development in the form of undifferentiated, stagnation of all Stovburian cells through the stage of blastitis.

In the process of development, the erythrocyte absorbs the nucleus and organelles, the megakaryoblast divides its nucleus and cytoplasm into impersonal other platelets. Leukocytes recognize a significant differentiation of their nucleus and cytoplasm, begin to tease their cells as foreign antigens behind the “whiskers” of antigens, which are displayed by skin cells on their surface.

It is necessary to train and train leukocytes in the central organ of immunogenesis - the thymus duct. Having curled up, the stench works at the lymph nodes and special clusters of lymphocytic tissue that are found in the empty body. So, the lymphoid tissue is spread in the appendix, which is found on the inter-junction small intestine in the rim, as well as at the pharynx, where it is obtained from the outer middle of the nis and the throat passes at the inner middle. Є y іnshі dіlyanki roboti lymphotsіv, yakі play the role of "checkpoints".

After the end of the term of service or their death, blood cells are utilized by the spleen.

All stinks: the cystic brain, thymus, lymph nodes and cells of the lymphoid tissue, as well as the spleen and the cells of the cells (they have a factor that gives the command to the cystic brain to establish erythrocytes) - the whole blood system. Changing the parameters of their function afterward:

leading to the development of blood poisoning in children and grown-ups.

Blood pathologies

All the information provided was more useful to formulate the following: pathology can be affected by blood cells - erythrocytes, platelets or leukocytes. Illness can lead to the destruction of the structure of the cell, through which one suffers on її yakіst, or to change її її kіlkostі. It is okay to stand up for the destruction of blood.

The fallow causes of blood poisoning are subdivided into the following main groups:

  • Spadkovi - for example, erythremia, talasemia, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia.
  • Pridbani - hemorrhagic anemia, agranulocytosis, DIC, including autoimmune and puffer pathologies.
  • Infectious - malaria, infectious mononucleosis.

The name of the sickness of the blood is may be 100. To make it easier for them to take it easy, it’s possible to look at the disease of the skin parost of the okremo.

Ailments of erythrocytes

As already mentioned, erythrocytes are not called full cells, as they can carry acid to the organs and tissues, and in them - carbon dioxide. Having offended gas, they perebuvayut at the chemical bond with hemoglobin, more precisely, with its non-protein part - heme. To ensure adequate transport of these gases, it is necessary to take care of such minds:

  • sob erythrocytes were sufficient, but not overexposed norms (there is a large number of terribly signified on health);
  • the membrane is due to be sufficient enough so that the erythrocyte does not splinter when it enters the pH vessel, but changes;
  • zv'azok z haem may be sufficient, if you send messages to the month of recognition, at the same time and such, if you see a sign in the tissues.

The destruction of the first two minds calls out blood poisoning, like hematologists rejoice. The change of the third situation is blamed for the disorder, hematological pathology is not respected, exalted in toxicology.

Changing the number of erythrocytes

It is possible to increase the number of red cells (erythrocytosis), and change (anemia). Another type of pathology is more common.

Trioma anemia is called the main causes:

bleeding

Such anemia is called hemorrhagic and is:

  • gostroy, if it was spent in the morning to suck up a lot of blood - over 1/10 per її zagalnoї kіlkostі;
  • chronic: blood is often used, but only offal (clear menstruation, part of the nose bleeding, mucus-intestinal tract).

Filthy acidity of the erythrocyte membrane, through which the veins break apart

Tse - hemolytic anemia, and їх types - impersonal. More of them may have a genetic character. Tse:

  • different types of thalasemy;
  • sickle-clitin anemia;
  • persistence of fetal (that which is in the fetus) hemoglobin, the power of which is influenced by a similar structure in adults;
  • spadkovі damage to the form of erythrocytes, with some suffering from the quality of the їхної membrane (spherocytosis, eliptocytosis, acanthocytosis);
  • weakness of the membrane, which developed due to the pathology of enzymes, which take part in the synthesis of the erythrocyte membrane.

Є th onset of anemia, if the erythrocyte can fall apart:

There are 5 such anemias.

First viklikanі nedolіkі krovі rechovina, z yakutyutsya warehouse erythrocyte or hemoglobin (deficiency anemia):

  • viklikana short folic acid;
  • B-12-deficient;
  • what is blamed for scurvy;
  • through a lack of whites at їzhi (kvashiorkor);
  • due to a deficiency of amino acids necessary for the synthesis of globin (in the warehouse of hemoglobin);
  • viklikana lacking microelements - midi, molybdenum, zinc - yakі enter the warehouse of the erythrocyte.

Others - damaged robotic cystic brain, which is not able to give an ear of normal number of erythrocytes (aplastic anemia). Їх dekіlka different types: partial, drug, Diamond, Fanconi.

Third - what is blamed on the back of chronic pathologies internal organs(Such blood poisoning is more typical for grown-ups). So, anemia can become a single sign of cancerous swelling and chronic nirk pathology.

Fourth - if everything is safe with erythrocytes, but the process of hemoglobin establishment is disrupted. Tse ill under the name "porphyry".

And also anemia, caused not by the loss, but by the increase in hemoglobin staining. Here we see anemia of the vagina, lactation anemia, the one that is blamed on athletes.

Symptoms of anemia

Anemia of any kind is characteristic of such signs:

  • blіdіst shkіri (children have commemorated bіlі vushnі shells);
  • pale erysipelas, the death is clear;
  • weakness;
  • zamorochennya;
  • noise in the ears;
  • loss of practice and memory;
  • quicken the pulse;
  • it is possible to use bazhannya vikoristati neistіvnі speechі;
  • B12-folic acid deficiency anemia is characterized by erysipelas.

Additional symptoms that are only to blame for hemolytic anemia are scleral sclera or twisting of the sclera. With the breakdown of a large number of erythrocytes, it may be dark.

Increase in the number of erythrocytes

The erythrocyte parostok is rarely affected by puffiness. The promotion of erythrocytes rises to the promotion of products of those other blood cells, and the name is polycythemia. Besides the improvement of erythrocytes, it can be used in case of erythremia and ailment Vakezu, which may cause a good break.

Symptoms of pathology - ce:

  • melt the cake to the face of that body;
  • the body begins to overwhelm, which will be strengthened after taking a warm bath or soul;
  • chervoninnya rebuke;
  • sustenance for the presence of fever;
  • liver at the fingers;
  • bіl at the feet.

Ailments of leukocytes

The etiology of leukemia is advancing:

  • splash of radiation;
  • spadkovyh defects in the couple;
  • infection with certain viruses;
  • poisoning with chemical speeches (importantly, whole lacofarb products).

The ailment develops, if the Lanks do not recognize immunity and do not suffer from atypical cells, which have suddenly disappeared. And they are constantly synthesized in the skin organ in a small number, in the process of life.

I have a rich variety of leukemias, they called it to lie in fact, a kind of parostok soil, it was possible to multiply and bleed from the cystic brain to the blood. Yakshko podіl, scho pathologically posilivsya, spіtkalo lymphocytic lanka, ailment can be called either lymphoma, or lymphogranulomatosis. They are characterized by an increase in the large number of lymph nodes at once.

Oncological disease of the blood can be manifested by such symptoms:

  • and in the mouth, which they say in case of GRZ, but they sing in the face;
  • feel chills;
  • unacceptable smell from the mouth;
  • bleeding is clear;
  • bіl at kіstakh progressive virulence;
  • weakness;
  • memory loss;
  • headaches.

In a group of pathological leukocytes, infectious diseases of the blood are seen. Vіn submissions less. This pathology, which is caused by one of the two viruses of the herpes group, if it shows a sore throat, an increase in the number of lymph node groups, a small intoxication and a trivial increase in temperature to low numbers. In the blood, there are clitins - atypical mononuclear cells - in Zoru more than 10%.

Platelet ailments

  • Thrombocytosis is an increase in the level of platelets. Do not think of a reason;
  • thrombocytopathy, if the number of these cells is normal, then there may be an incompatibility of the structure, which is important for normal functioning. The stench of a healthy one, with spadkovy blood diseases;
  • thrombocytopenia - a decrease in the number (below 300 * 109 / l) of platelets.

Thrombocytopathy and thrombocytopenia are characterized by the appearance on the body of well-adhered sinci without visible injuries. Spontaneous nasal bleeding can be blamed, and teeth cleaning without the appearance of blood is simply impossible.

Sick throat

Impaired blood pharynx can be named differently looking at those who have a deficiency of 12 protein-factors in the pharynx. So, maybe hemophilia is a recession, zcheplene with X-chromosome disease, boys are less likely to get sick, or von Willebrand's pathology is a recession, pathology is associated with non-state chromosomes. Coagulopathy may be blamed for autoimmune attack, if the immune system "bombards" the throat factor. Deyakі see sickness laryngeal z'yavlyayutsya after hemolytic otrujniya, and others - with overdose of drugs that rozrіdzhuyut blood, yakі are prescribed, mainly after cardiac surgery, the third - after hepatic pathologies.

Coagulopathy is characterized by spontaneous bleeding in the loam and in the middle of the m'yazovy massif. Bleeding after in'єktsії or surgical assistance, as the term does not zapovniti factor deficiency (taken from the back of the line at the transfusion station), does not swell and can cause death.

Signs that may alert a hematological diagnosis

Symptoms that may indicate blood poisoning - tse:

  • the temperature of the body was gradually raised to small numbers, as there were no special benthic cracks;
  • part of that mlyavі іnfektsіyni protsesi: that podryapina do not get ready for a long time, then the angina shows up, the person sees that she “does not get out” from the ailment;
  • weakness;
  • heaviness in the breasts;
  • shvidka stubbornness;
  • bіl at the brushes;
  • change of gusto;
  • bleeding is clear, nosebleeds.

It is not necessary to make your own hematological diagnosis just for the sake of more and more ocular signs. Go to the therapist, tell you about your suspicions, give a thorough analysis, as well as a blood coagulogram. As a doctor to remember the changes, I will refer you for a consultation to a higher fahivtsya, which often conducts an advisory appointment only with a great (of a regional or a city significance) hospital.

Hematological diagnostics

To confirm the diagnosis of any blood disease, you need to follow up:

Hemogram

Here you can find the following indicators of blood in case of blood poisoning:

Pokaznik Norm Zbіlshennya lowering
Erythrocytes
  • Women: 3.7 - 4.5 Tera / liter;
  • Individuals: 4.7 - 5.1 Tera/l
 Ailment Vakeza, erythremia

One hour increase in color indicator (“CP” in the analysis) will be talking about B12- or folic acid deficiency anemia, and a decrease below 0.9 - about chronic deficiency and hemorrhagic anemia
Hemoglobin
  • Women: 120 - 141 g/l;
  • Individuals: 130 – 150 g/l
Leukocytes 4 – 9 Giga/liter Leukemoid reaction, leukemia Leukopenia, less than 0.9 - agranulocytosis
See leukocytes Blasty daily Gostry leukemia
Promyelocytes Hi Leukemia
Myelocytes Hi Same, leukemoid reaction
Metamyelocytes Hi Ignition bacterial process, leukemia, leukemoid reaction
Rod neutrophils 1 – 5% Ignition bacterial process. Combined with blasts, metamyelocytes and myelocytes may be associated with leukemia
Segmented nuclear 47 – 72% Ignition bacterial process, leukemia
Lymphocytes 18 - 40 Viral process, lymphoma
Monocytes 2 - 11 Viral process
eosinophils 0,5 - 5 Allergies, worm infestations, introduction of antibiotics Infectious diseases, sepsis, opik, operations
Basophils 0 - 1 Allergy, leukemia, ailments of the endocrine system, lymphogranulomatosis Promeneva therapy, hospital infection, stress, hyperthyroidism

Do not make a diagnosis for one sweeping analysis. Even if there is a suspicion of hematological disease in the puhlinna, the diagnosis of blood disease is continued. The doctor-hematologist should do a puncture of the cysts on the back to clean the cystic brain (one of the pelvic cysts or the sternum), you can take a biopsy of the lymph node (lymph nodes) with more leftovers. If you look at the material under a microscope, if you pass tests with it, you can already make a forward, but not a residual diagnosis.

If you need to know about the confirmation of puffer pathology, you will need to follow up:

  • Positron emission tomography.
  • Cytogenetic testing.
  • Molecular genetic analyses.
  • Immunohistochemical technologies for the follow-up of cystic-cerebropuncture.
  • Flow cytometry.

It is only possible to make a diagnosis, to determine the type and type of leukemia, and to determine the type of stale yoga therapy.

Blood tests in case of ill blood, which proceed with the pathology of larynx - ce:

  • coagulogram from the established INR - the main index that indicates coagulopathy;
  • hour of throatiness;
  • platelets and carrying out functional tests with them;
  • test for plasma tolerance to heparin;
  • kіlkіsne vyznachennya dermal factors of pharynx.

Celebration

Therapy of blood poisoning comes out of the diagnosis. So, in case of anemia - in some depressions, even if the hemoglobin is lower than 70 g / l - there may be a transfusion of erythrocyte mass. How many stages of anemia are less pronounced and brought to її:

  • zalіzodefіtsitny character, to be administered;
  • B-12 or folic acid-deficient nature, administering qi vitamins at the required dose;
  • hemolytic nature, the necessary introduction of drugs to stabilize the erythrocyte membrane;
  • aplastic nature: glucocorticoid and erythropoietin are administered.

Rejoice at hospitals with different schemes of cytostatic preparations (selection is based on the type of illness).

Therapy for thrombocytopenia will be based on glucocorticoids, chemotherapy with alkaloids. For indications, a splenectomy may be performed.

In case of thrombocytopathies, hemostatics are prescribed (dicinone, etamzilate), preparations that control judges (vitamin C, rutin). Patients are prescribed a special diet.

Coagulopathy rejoices in the substitution of a deficient factor by a donor. People with congenital coagulopathy are guilty of constantly carrying a sick card with them, so that in times of massive bleeding, “Shvidka dopomoga” that the medical specialists knew what you can do to heal.

Usі rozdіli Spadkovі hvorobi Nevіdkladnі Stani Ochnі hvorobi Dityachі hvorobi Cholovіchі hvorobi Venerichnі hvorobi Shkіrnі hvorobi Іnfektsіynі hvorobi Nervovі hvorobi Revmatichnі hvorobi Urologіchnі hvorobi Endokrinnі hvorobi Іmunnі hvorobi Alergіchnі hvorobi Onkologіchnі hvorobi Hvorobi veins i lіmfovuzlіv Hvorobi hair Hvorobi organіv hvorobi Narkologіchnі problemi Psihіchnі rozladi torn down MTIE Kosmetichnі problemi Estetichnі problems

Blood ailments to establish a numerical and heterogeneous group of syndromes that develop in case of damage to the acidic and colic blood structure. Practically, directly, it expands the principles of diagnostics and the treatment of blood diseases, hematology and ocrema gilka - oncohematology. Fahіvtsі, yakі zdіysnyuyut korektsіyu stav krovі and hematopoietic organs, are called hematologists. The most important interdisciplinary links between hematology and internal diseases, immunology, oncology, transfusiology.

Since ancient times, in rich cultures, human shelter was endowed with mystical powers, symbolized the divine spirit and the sweat of life. “Koshtovna”, “hot”, “innocent”, “young”, “royal” - blood people did not endow with such power, but the epithet “blood” forever means the greater step of quiet and other manifestations - blood controversy, blood enemy, blood image , blood pomsta.

At the same time, from the point of view of physiology, blood is a rare medium of the body, which constantly circulates behind the vessel system and performs a number of the most important functions - dichal, transport, regulatory, zahisnu and іn. Blood is made up of rare fractions - plasma and blood cells (erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes). To the main organs of hematopoiesis (hemocytopoiesis), as a kind of "factory" for the production of blood cells, one can see the red cystic brain, thymus, lymphoid tissue and spleen. About blood ailments to speak in terms of damage to the morphology of the number of quiet chi and other blood cells and changes in the power of the plasma.

Mustaches of the blood and hematopoietic system are classified, depending on the infection of that chi and other component. In hematology, blood ailments are divided into three great groups: anemia, hemoblastosis and hemostasis. So, to some anomalies and lesions of erythrocytes, there are deficiency, hemolytic, hypo-aplastic anemia. The structure of hemoblastosis includes leukemia and hematosarcoma. Blood ailments associated with disorders of the hemostasis system (hemostasis) include hemophilia, von Willebrand's disease, thrombocytopathy, thrombocytopenia, DIC and others.

Blood ailments can be the mother of congenital and nabuty character. Congenital illness (sickle cell anemia, thalaseemia, hemophilia and others) is associated with gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities. The development of swollen blood ailments can be provoked by numerical factors of the medium: acute and chronic blood loss, influx on the body of ionizing radiation or chemical agents, viral infections(rubella, cirrhosis, mumps, influenza, infectious mononucleosis, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis), alimentary deficiencies, impaired absorption of vital speech and vitamins in the intestines and in. When penetrating into the blood of bacterial. Blood ailments go hand in hand with collagenoses.

Show the disease of the blood bugatoliki and do not start specific. The characteristic signs of anemia are unreasonable stupefaction and weakness, confusion to the point of being untidy, back with physical pressures, bleakness of the skin curves. Damaged blood clots are characterized by petechial hemorrhages and ecchymoses, various kinds of bleeding (ash, nasal, uterine, slutal-intestinal, legenevitis, etc.). In clinics of leukemia, the first plan is to experience intoxication and hemorrhagic syndromes.

The best method for diagnosing blood ailments is to follow hemograms (clinical analysis) to determine the blood type and morphology of the formed elements. In case of blood ailments that occur due to impaired hemostasis, the number of platelets, the hour of blood count and bleeding, prothrombin index, coagulogram; various tests are carried out - a test of a rope, a pinch, a bank test and others.

To assess the changes that occur in the hematopoietic organs, a puncture of the cystic brain (sternal puncture) is performed. As part of the explanation of the causes of the anemic syndrome, patients may need to consult a gastroenterologist and gynecologist; an FGDS, a colonoscope, and a liver test.

Whether it be changes in hemograms or myelograms, as well as symptoms that indicate the development of blood ailments, they will require a competent assessment from the side of a hematologist, a dynamic follow-up or special treatment under yoga control. Today's hematology has virobled the basic principles of therapy for various blood diseases, and has accumulated a great deal of evidence among them. According mozhlivostі lіkuvannya hvorob krovі pochinayut usunennya of the reasons i faktorіv riziku, korektsії robot vnutrіshnіh organіv, zapovnennya vіdsutnіh rechovin i mіkroelementіv (zalіza - when zalіzodefіtsitnіy anemії, vіtamіnu B12 - B12 when defіtsitnoї anemії, folієvoї acid - when i folієvodefіtsitnіy anemії etc. .).

In some cases, there may be indications for taking corticosteroids, hemostatic drugs, extracorporeal hemocorrection (erythrocytapheresis). Often, hematological ailments will require blood transfusion and її components. The most effective and effective methods of treatment of hematoblastosis in the whole world today are cytostatic therapy, radiotherapy, allogeneic and autologous transplantation of the cystic brain, the introduction of Stovbur cells. A number of blood diseases (thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune anemia, myeloid leukemia and other) are indicated for the removal of the spleen - splenectomy. The treatment of blood diseases in Moscow is carried out at specialized hematological medical and scientific centers, which may be technically equipped with a light level and highly qualified fahivtsiv.

» You will be able to know the symptoms of the main nutritional diseases of the blood, learn about the main nosological forms, symptoms, principles of diagnosis and treatment.

Illness of the blood in a person is manifested in damaged bones and spivvіdneniya kіtin krovі, їх arrangement, rozmіrіv, characteristics of plasma. In the medical lexicon, the term "sickness of systemic blood" is adopted. Wines include such things as ailments of organs that vibrate red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes) of blood cells, that the cystic brain, lymph nodes and spleen.

Breadth b

The axis is a list of the main symptoms of anemia in a person:

  • Uninterrupted;
  • Nepritomni stand, confused;
  • Wuhahs are constantly galasuє;
  • Ass with symptoms;
  • Look out for the post-mortem again;
  • Prickly beat at the heart.
  • Darkening, ;
  • Memory loss;
  • sleeplessness;
  • Ignition.

In older people, a drop in hemoglobin in the blood can lead to heart failure. Specific symptoms, for example, anti-natural relish, zhovte zabarvlennya shkir or mucosal in hemolytic, or hemorrhage in hypoplastic, to respect are not accepted.

Blood ailments with viral-necrotic symptoms

Virazki that necrotic tissue damage is due to the degradation of the granulocytic pariet of the cystic brain.

For ailments with manifestations of virazic-necrotic changes, the following symptoms are characteristic:

  • Porushennya to the act of forging through a strong bіl;
  • Slinotecha;
  • Bloated stomach, Pain and cramps;
  • diarrhea;
  • Putrid smell from the mouth;
  • Inflamed mucous mouth;
  • Angina;
  • Virazki in the stravokhodі;
  • Virazki in the large intestine.

Blood ailments with fever

Like blood ailments with fever? The most widespread diseases with increased body temperature are called hemoblastosis and lymphosarcoma. The cause of fever is its own, which raises the temperature, infusing the products of the layout of fabrics, the shape of the elements at the time of the expansion of the shirts.

Illness of the blood is accompanied by fever, chills and clear sweats.

Ailments with signs of intoxication

Mayzhe all ill blood є ill with pronounced intoxication. Prote, manifested by the destruction of the products of the distribution of wet tissues for various pathologies is not the same.

Weakness is the last result of toxic diseases from tissues that decay, and accompany other symptoms of blood poisoning, characteristic of leukemia and anemia.

With increased histamine from blood clots that ruptured, basophilia and erythremia are observed to be swollen. A characteristic symptom in case of malignant lymphomas is the loss of the vagina due to the lack of appetite.

The most widespread of ailments is pain in the glomeruli and cysts and pathologies that are accompanied by osteoarthropathic syndrome. In similar depressions, inflamed loams develop, bleeding at the empty cystic joint. Look at the brushes. The cause of the ailment is the growth of the tissue of the newly created tissue in the bag and the tissue of the brush, which is in front of the cystic brain.

Symptoms of pathology є:

  • Pain in the bones of the skull, spinal column, ribs, ilium;
  • Pain in tubular cysts with Rustitsky's ailment;
  • Radical bill. Vyklikanі sprouts of chubby cells in the middle of the cysts with myeloma and malignant granuloma;
  • Pain in the marshes with hemolytic anemia, hemophilia;
  • Hyperemia of the skin of the globules, swelling, damage to the work.

Ailments with symptoms of immunodeficiency

Deficiency in immunity is due to two reasons: insufficient production of leukocytes or the production of antibodies for the destruction of the body tissues. Ailments with immunodeficiency are accompanied by uninterrupted low colds.

Bronchitis and pneumonia are suspected in a sick person, who do not receive remission. The smallest underclothing shkiri will end in suppuration. Diagnosis of ailment of nirok: pelvis and glomerular nephritis.

Ailments with an abnormal amount of grayish whites

Hodgkin's disease and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia are the most widely spread among the lesions.

Hodgkin's symptoms and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia:

  • Viznazhliva;
  • Fail memory;
  • Painful kintsivok. Name;
  • Bleeding from the nose;
  • Death to Zor

Viral mononucleosis, lymphocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic, sickle-like and deficiency anemia are the cause of ailments with liver and spleen disorders.

The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

  • Heaviness and pain at the dilyance of the hose;
  • Bloating of the abdomen;
  • Growing weakness;
  • Zhovtyanitsa shkiri.

Prevention

Follow the rules of prevention, to learn how to save blood ailments:

  • At the same time, exult ailments that are accompanied by hemorrhages;
  • Treatment of infectious diseases in case of illness until the doctor's recommendation;
  • Organize eating, balance for proteins, mineral components and vitamins;
  • Do not irritate with x-ray obstezhennyami and control the dose of prominennya;
  • Koristuvatisya with the help of an individual defense for an hour of work with aggressive media, otrutochemicals, farbs. lead salts, other toxic rechovins;
  • Avoid overcooling and overheating;
  • Protect stressful situations;
  • Do not be evil with alcohol and tyutyun

Dotrimannya tsikh clumsy rules to allow saving health, praceszdatnіst and protection against ailments of the blood system and wealth of others.