The emergence of atomic energy in the SRSR. The atomic bomb project in the SRSR. "Tse і є atomic bliskavka"

In the field of nuclear vibuhu, there are two key delinkas: a center and an epicenter. At the center of vibuhu, there is no middle ground against the process of energy development. Epicenter is the projection of the process onto the earth or water surface. The energy of a nuclear vibuch, projected on the ground, can lead to seismic shipment, which will expand to a significant extent. Shkodi will bring to the midst of the midst of the goods a deprivation in the range of hundreds of meters from the point of vibuhu.

hostile factor

The atomic zbroya is a factor of the battle:

Radioactively infected.
Svitlove vipprominuvannya.
Shocking hvilya.
Electromagnetic pulse.
Penetrating radioactivity.

The traces of the vibuhu of the atomic bomb are gnawing for all living things. Through the awakening of the majestic amount of light and warm energy of the vibuchs of a nuclear projectile, we will burn ourselves into a sleeping place. For tough sleeping in a bit stronger, less sleepy exchanges, that is not safe to fight with light and heat viprominuvannya є in the range of decilkoh kilometers from the point of vibuhu.

Another not safe, hostile official of the atomic strike is to pretend to be in the presence of a vibration of radioactivity. Vona dіє all hilinu go vibuhu, ale maє maximally penetrate the building.

The shock of the volodya is striking with a strong ruynivny flow. Vaughn literally erased everything from the face of the earth that was on the way. Penetrating radioactivity is not safe for all living things. People won wiklikє development of promenade ailments. Well, the electromagnetny impulse is the factory of shkodi only technics. At the same time, the hostile factor of the atomic vibuhu has a majesty in itself.

pershі viprobuvannya

Throughout the history of the atomic bomb, America has shown the greatest success in the early days. In the end of 1941, the capital of the country saw a very great number of pennies and resources. Kerіvnik to the project buv attributions Robert Oppenheimer, who is very much impressed by the creator of the atomic bomb. By the day, I won’t be the first to bring the idea into my life. As a result of 16 April 1945, the rock in the wilderness of the state of New Mexico has become the first to experience an atomic bomb. Todi America is viral, so for the final end of the war it is necessary to break Japan, the ally of Hitler's Nimechchiny. The Pentagon was quick to vibrate for the first nuclear attacks, as the blame for the blame of the situation and the illustration of the drudgery of the American defense.

6 serpnya 1945 rik the atomic bomb of the USA, cynically named "Maluk", the bullet was thrown on the place of Hiroshima. He built the Wiyshov simply ideal - the bomb vibrated at a height of 200 meters from the ground, for the reason why the Vibukhov Hwilya gave birth to a world of fearful beats. Near the districts to the center, the boules were thrown over the stoves from the vugillas, which called to the strongest fires.

As a result of the sleeper, the heat went down, and in 4 seconds she was able to melt the tiles on the dakha budinkiv and the speed of the telegraph station. For warmth, a shock was sent. Viter, scho swept through the place of shvidkistu close to 800 km / h, carrying everything on his way. From 76,000 buds, which were raised in the place to vibuhu, more and more zruynovano was close to 70,000. Dosch vipav through the setting in the cold spheres of the atmosphere of the majestic amount of condensation, it is possible to wrap up in a bet and sing.

People who have been drinking a fire in a fire in a radius of 800 meters from a point of vibuhu, have changed into a saw. At quiet, hto there are troches of distance from the vibuhu, burned the shkіra, the surplus of what was the zirval of shock. Black radioactive boards were found on the screen of utsilich nevilikovny opikas. In quiet, hto wonder, zum_vryatuvatisya, nezabar, signs of a proverbial ailment began to appear: nudota, feverishness and attack of weakness.

Three days later, after the bombardment of Hiroshi, America was attacking another Japanese place - Nagasaki. Another vibuch mav also has teeth, like the first.

In a few seconds, two atomic bombs tortured hundreds of thousands of people. The shock hvilya practically erased Khvilya from the face of the earth. More than half of the inhabitants of the city (about 240 thousand people) lost their wounds at once. Near the town of Nagasaki, about 73 thousand people disappeared from the vibuhu. Bagato s quiet, hto vtsіlіv, yielded to the most powerful optimization, like a wicked bezplіddya, swapping ailments and cancer. As a result, the part of the survivors died in terrible agony. The victorious atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki illustrates the zhakhliv power of the whole society.

We already know that there is an atomic bomb, as you can imagine what we can bring to what inheritance. Now, doznaєmosya, like a nuclear release boule, please in the SRSR.

Pislya bombarduvannya Japanese places, І. V. Stalin zrozumiv, that the Radiansky atomic bomb is aimed at the food of the national security. On the 20th of 1945, the committee of nuclear power engineering in the SRSRB was appointed the head of which L. Beria was appointed.

Of course, in this regard, robots in this direction were carried out in the Radiansky Union since 1918, and in 1938, a special committee for the atomic nucleus was launched at the Academy of Sciences. With a cob of other light wines, all robots in a straight line will be frozen.

In 1943, the SRCP distributors transferred from England materials of critical science projects in the halls of atomic energy. The materials were illustrated, as the robot of the overseas vychordonnyh over the arms of the atomic bomb seriously pushed forward. At the same hour, the American residents received the latest radians' agents from the main center of US nuclear weapons. The agents passed on information about the new development to the Radiansk staff and engineers.

Technical support

If in 1945 the development of a nuclear bomb became not a priority, one of the cores in the project by Y. Khariton sklav the plan for the distribution of two variants of the projectile. 1 worm 1946 to the fate of the plan of the buv of signatures with the help of the certificate.

For the sake of the staff, the designers need to build two models of RDS (Special Reactive Dvigun):

RDS-1. A bomb with a plutonium charge, like a spherical obtrusion path. Pristriy bulo is suspected among Americans.
RDS-2. A harmatna bomb with two uranium charges, which is approaching in a stove of harmati, the persistence of a critical mass.

In the history of the woeful RDS, the most popular, I would like to cheer up the formulas, the phrase "Russia to rob itself" was heard. By inventing the defender of Y. Khariton, K. Shcholkin. The given phrase conveys exactly the essence of robots, at least for RDS-2.

If America knew about those that the Radiansky Union of Volodya had secrets of the end of nuclear war, she declared herself a pretext for the escalation of preventive war. The plan "Troyan" appeared in 1949, after the tribute of 1 September 1950 to the fate of the planed rospochaty boyovі diіy against the SRSR. Then the date of the attack was postponed to the ear of 1957, the fate of the people, ale from the mind, until all the territories of NATO were brought before.

viprobud

If the information about the plans of America went through the development channels in the SRCP, the robot of the Radianskiye got a good boost. The foreigners respected that in the USSR the nuclear power plant will not be installed earlier than in 1954-1955. For the sake of the viprobuvannya of the first atomic bomb in the SRSR, it was already in the fall of 1949. 29 sickles on the polygon in Semipalatinsk, bulo pidirvano pristriy RDS-1. A great collective of students took the fate of this stage, and Igor Vasilovich Kurchatov became the one who became. The design of the charge belonged to the Americans, and the electronic equipment was fired from scratch. The first atomic bomb in the SRCP vibrated with a strain of 22 Kt.

Through the threat of the strike, the plan "Troyan", which has transferred a nuclear attack to 70 Radianskiye ministries, and will be buried. Viprobuvannya on Semipalatinskoe became the end of the American monopoly on the atomic energy volodinnya. Vinahid of Igor Vasilovich Kurchatov has revived the plans of America and NATO, and outpaced the development of Chergov's revolution. This is how the epoch of peace on Earth was respected, as if it was a threat of absolute domination.

"Nuclear Club"

On this day, nuclear power is not only among America and Russia, but also among a number of other powers. Sukupn_st of the land, which is such a security, is cleverly called the "nuclear club".

New to enter:

America (born 1945).
SRSR, and now Russia (from 1949 r).
England (from 1952 p).
France (from 1960).
China (from 1964 r).
India (from 1974).
Pakistan (since 1998).
Korea (c 2006).

Nuclear Zbroya є is also in Israel, I would like to see the capital of the country to be commented on. In addition, on the territory of NATO territories (Italy, Nimechchina, Turechchina, Belgium, Netherlands, Canada) and allies (Japan, Pivdenna Korea, unaffected by the official vidmovu), there is an American nuclear weapon.

Ukraine, Bilorus and Kazakhstan, as well as part of the nuclear war of the USSR, sent their bombs to Russia in response to the disruption to the Union. Vona became the only recessionary member of the SRCP's nuclear arsenal.

visnovok

Today you know that the atomic bomb is the winners, and it’s what it is. Summarizing the stories, you can make a splash, but nuclear energy for this day with the most important instrument of global politics, has firmly entered the list of countries around the world. Look, from one side, we will make a mess of it, and from the other side - we will overconfirm an argument for the protection of the peaceful prototype and change of the peaceful people between the powers. The atomic zombie є a symbol of the whole era, which is a vimag, a particularly dazzling poodennya.

Atomic Bomb Fathers Officially Announced American Robert Oppenheimer and Radiansky Vcheny Igor Kurchatov. Along with the deadly zombies, they were shattered in the other lands (Italia, Dania, Ugorshchina), and it seems that they rightfully belong to everything.

The first ones took care of the food of nimetskі physics Frіts Strassmann and Otto Hahn, who in 1938, in 1938, went ahead of the piece to split the atomic nucleus of uranium. And through a meal at the Kummersdorf polygon under Berlin, the first reactor was also installed and uranium ore was purchased in the Congo.

"Uranium project" - nimtsi repair and play

In Veresna 1939 rock "Uranium Project" was classified. To participate in the program, 22 reputable science centers were recruited, supervising the last one by the Minister of Education Albert Speer. The equipment of the installation for the sub-isotopes and the production of uranium for the interconnection of the isotope, as well as for the lantsyug reaction, was entrusted to the IG Farbenindustra concern.

The two rocky group of the venerable venerable Heisenberg gave the opportunity to open the reactor with important water. Potential vibukhovu river (isotope uranium-235) can be buffered from uranium ore.

But for the necessary ingibitor, which is positive for the reaction, - graphite or water is important. Vibir of the last option solving the unfinished problem.

A single plant with an important water supply, which is located in Norway, is responsible for the payback of the business with the help of a support, and there are not many stocks of valuable oil supply until France.

Shvidkoy implementation of nuclear programs by setting up the same vibuch of the completed nuclear reactor in Leipzig.

Hitler, having prepared the uranium project for a while, while still being able to correct it as soon as possible, would be able to fit into the result of the unconnected one. It took robots for an hour to write fast and powerful financial programs.

In 1944, Heisenberg saw the opening of uranium plates in the distance, a special bunker was built for the reactor installation in Berlin.

They planned to complete the experiment to achieve the lantsyug reaction in the late 1945 rock, and then through the month of possession the term was transported to the Swiss cordon, de which they fired only through the month. The nuclear reactor had 664 cubes of uranium weighing 1525 kg. We have added 10 tonnes of graphite-toned neutrons to the active zone;

23 Bereznya the reactor was shut down, and we arrived in Berlin before the hour: the critical points of the reactor are not reached, and the lantsyugov reaction is not victorious. Dodatkovy rosrakhunks showed that the amount of uranium needs to be increased, yak minimum, for 750 kg, proportionally adding and amount of important water.

Ale reserves of strategic sirovini boule on the border, like a share of the Third Reich. On April 23 in the village of Gaigerloh, a vip test was held, the Americans were gone. Vіyskovі dismantled the reactor and shipped it to the USA.

First atomic bombs in the USA

Three of them started working on the atomic bomb in the United States and Great Britain. Everything came from the leaf of Albert Einstein and his second authors, physicists, emigrants, which he co-ordinated in 1939 to President of the United States Franklin Roosevelt.

At the beastly nagoloshuvalos, the Nazi Nimechchina is close to the point of the atomic bomb.

About robots over nuclear weapons (both ally and opposing) for the first time Stalin became aware of the development in 1943. Immediately, we took the decision to develop a similar project in the SRCP. We saw not only vkazіvki, ala і development, for what videotapes of any kind of information about nuclear secrets has become a precept.

Unspecified information about the distribution of American workers, as if in the distance to discredit the radio distributors, simply slipped through the nuclear project. Vona helped our members to identify the ineffective nobles by a joke and to significantly speed up the term of implementation of the Kintsevo family.

Ivan Oleksandrovich Surov - Bomb Operator

Obviously, the Radiansky district could not have lost the success of the Nimetsian nuclear physicists without respect. A group of Radians' physicists was sent to Nimechchin - maybut academicians in the form of colonels of the Radian Army.

Ivana Surov, the first intercessor of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, was designated as the key of the operation, and even allowed us to open doors.

Krim Nimetsky colleagues, the stink of metal uranium stocks rumbled. Tse, on the thought of Kurchatov, has passed the term of the distribution of Radianskoy bombs not less, not on the rik. Chi not one ton of uranium and provincial nuclear scientists were transported from Nimechchin and American ones.

In the SRSR, they did not deprive them of chemistry and physics, but also of qualified work force - mechanics, electroslyusars, skloduvs. A part of the spirits was known in the camps for the visitors. In general, over the Radiansk atomic project, there were close to 1000 Nimetsian fachivts.

Nimetski vcheni and laboratories on the territory of the USSR in the play of rock

From Berlin we transported a uranium centrifuge and also the possession, as well as documents, reagents and laboratory von Ardenne and the Kaiser Institute of Physics. Within the framework of the programs, we set up laboratories "A", "B", "C", "D", and cleaned them up.

The core of laboratory "A" is Bove Baron Manfred von Ardenne, who has broken down the method of gas fusion purification and distribution of uranium isotopes in centrifuge.

For the start of such a centrifuge (only on an industrial scale) in 1947, he received the Stalin Prize. At that hour, the laboratory roztashovuvalasya in Moscow, at the center of the famous Kurchatov Institute. The team has 5-6 radianskih fakhivtsiv.

More laboratory "A" Bula vivezen in Sukhumi, de on the її base established by the Physics and Technology Institute. In 1953, Baron von Ardenne suddenly became a Stalinist laureate.

Laboratory "B", which conducted experiments in the radioactive chemistry in the Urals, in the Nicolaus Ril - key figure for the project. There, in Snєzhinsk, with him a talented Russian geneticist Timofev-Resovskiy was working with him, and they were friends with that smell in Nimechchyna. The success of the atomic bomb test brought Rila the star of the Hero of Socialist Pratsi and the Stalin Prize.

Presented by the laboratory "B" in Obninsk Keruvav Professor Rudolph Posi - a pioneer in the field of nuclear viprobuvan. Yogo command in the distance to open reactors on fast neutrons;

On the basis of the laboratory development of the Physics and Power Engineering Institute of A.I. Leipunsky. Until 1957, professor worked in Sukhumi, later in Dubna, in the United Institute of Nuclear Technologies.

Laboratory "G", developed in Sukhum sanatorium "Agudzeri", ocholyav Gustav Hertz. A nephew of the famous 19th century, he won the popularity of a series of experiments, which approved the ideas of quantum mechanics and the theory of Nils Bohr.

The results of this productive robot in Sukhumi were stalled at the opening of an industrial installation in Novouralsk, and in 1949 they were filling the first RDS-1 bomb.

Uranium bomb, yaku Americans threw off on Khіrosima, a bullet of a hardened type. When the RDS-1 was launched, the nuclear physicists used Fat Boy - “the bomb of Nagasaki”, destroyed with plutonium according to the implosive principle.

In 1951, Hertz was awarded the Stalin Prize for good work.

Nice engineers and vchens lived in comfortable booths, they brought their families, furniture, paintings from the Nimechchin, and they got them a good salary and special habits. Chi buv do they have the status of full? On the thought of academician A.P. Aleksandrov, an active participant in the project, full of stinks in such minds.

Having made a call to turn to Batkivshchyna, some people gave a letter about their non-speechless participation in the Radiansk nuclear project for 25 years. At the NDR, the stench continued to the robot for the fah. Baron von Ardenne was the winner of the German National Prize.

Professor at the Physics Institute in Dresden, who set up the Science Guide for the sake of the peaceful stagnation of atomic energy. Keruvav Naukova Rada Gustav Hertz, who recognized the National Prize of the People's Democratic Republic of Russia for his tritomny handbook of atomic physics. Right there, in Dresden, at the Technical University, professor Rudolph posi.

Participation in the Radiansk atomic project of the Nimetsian fachivts, so that the achievement of the Radiansk development itself, does not alter the merits of the Radiansk people, as the atomic zombies were created in their heroic practice. І all without the contribution of the skin participant to the project of the atomic industry and the nuclear bomb would be extended without value

I got fakhivtsiv bagatokh krayn. Above the tsimi rozrobki were worked by the scientists and engineers of the USA, SRCP, England, Nimechchini and Japan. A particularly active robot was carried out in this area of the Americans, who had a very beautiful technological base and a syruvina, and also zoomed to get the most advanced intellectual resources at that hour.

The Uryad of the Received States was set before the physicists by the plant - in the boundary of the term they set a new kind of zbroi, as it would be possible to deliver to the nearest point of the planet.

The center of American nuclear education has become Los Alamos, growing in a desolate wilderness state of New Mexico. Above the top-secret Vіyskovy project, it was the impossibility of the work, the designers, the engineers and the Vіyskovs, having deceived the whole work of additional information by the physicist-theorist Robert Oppenheimer, who is most often called the "father" of the atomic. For the sake of the critical improvement, the whole world was shattered by the technology of kerovan, which did not digest the processes of shaking it.

Until the autumn of 1944, go to the beginning of the first in the history of the atomic in the wild rice went to completion. Until the end of the day in the New States, a special aviation regiment was formed, which is responsible for the delivery of deadly goods to the nation. The trainees of the regiment underwent a special training, they went through the trainings on the small heights and in the minds, who were close to the battle.

First atomic bombardment

In the middle of 1945, the US designers zoomed in two nuclear annexes, ready to go. Bully obranі and pershі ob'єkti for a blow. The strategic enemy of the United States was at that hour Japan.

The American capital has sent the first atomic blows to two Japanese cities, which are not only Japan, but only the most important countries, including the SRCP.

On the 6th and 9th of 1945, American bombers dropped the first atomic bombs in the history of atomic bombs on none of the non-susceptible bags of Japanese cities, like the bullets of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As a result of the heat treatment and shock damage, more than one hundred thousand people died. The axis of such a bullet is a trace of the nebacheny zbroi. Light having entered a new phase of its development.

Well, the monopoly of the United States on Vyskov is not over the top. The Radiansky Union is also able to make good use of the methods of practical implementation of the principles laid down in the basis of nuclear war. Having ocholyuv the robot a team of Radianskiye vchinikh and wines Igor Kurchatov. At the 1949 crescent bullet, a successful vip test of the radioactive atomic bomb was successfully carried out, and I named it RDS-1. Kryhke vіyskovu іvnovagu in the light of the bulo is renewed.

The development of the radioactive nuclear bomb for the folding of scientific, technical and engineering tasks is of a meaningful, truly unique approach, as it put an injection on the balance of political forces in the light of the message of the Other World War. The latest development in our land, not recovered from the terrible ruins and shaking of the future rockies, became possible as a result of heroic efforts, organizers of robots, engineers. Involvement in the life of the Radiansk atomic project has pinched a spiteful scientific and technological and industrial revolution, which inoculated before the emergence of a vicious atomic halus. Tsey Trudovy feat proved to itself. Ovolod_volod_volodіvshuyu secrets vyrobnitstva nuclear war, our Batkivshchyna for the last few years preserves the military parity of the two provincial powers of the world - the USSR and the United States. The nuclear shield, the first lanka of which became the legendary virib RDS-1, and the present conquest of Russia.
Kerіvnik to the atomic project bv designations І. Kurchatov. Since the end of 1942, he has become a selection of the best and most important problems necessary for the resolution of the problem. Read more about the fundamental atomic problem V. Molotov. Ale 20 serpnya 1945 rocky (through a few days of atomic bombing of Japanese places) The State Committee of Defense took decisions about the establishment of the Special Committee, which cleansed L. Beria. Itself has become a keruvati Radiansky atomic project.
Persha vitchiznyana atomic bomb is small official RDS-1. It was deciphered in a rather simple way: "Russia to rob itself", "Batkivshchyna donated to Stalin" and T. D. Ale, in the official resolution of the CM of the SRCP, dated 21 chervnya 1946, the RDS rejected the formula - "Jet engine" S "".
At the tactical and technical department (TTZ), it was ordered that an atomic bomb could be exploded in two options: from the stasis of "important fire" (plutonium) and from the stagnation of "light fire" (uranium-235). The drafting of the technical specification for the RDS-1 and the development of the first radioactive atomic bomb RDS-1 was carried out quietly, as the materials for the scheme of the US plutonium bomb were tested in 1945. Tsі materіali bully nadanіyu radianskoy zvnіshnyu razvіdkoyu. An important part of the information is Buv K. Fuchs - a German physicist, a participant in the nuclear programs of the United States and England.
Reconnaissance materials on the plutonium bomb of the United States allowed to eliminate a number of pardons at the opening of the RDS-1, meaning the speed of the term of the development, change of vitrati. At the same time, it was clear that the technical solutions of the American prototype were not very beautiful. Navigate on the cob stages of the radians' fakhivtsi could proponutize the improvement of the charge as a whole, as well as of the other universities. Ale insanely vimogu kryvnitstva of the country fell in the fact that it was guaranteed by the best rizik to remove the bomb even before the first viprobuvannyu.
The nuclear bomb was guilty of being carried by the aircraft bomb not more than 5 tons, not more than 1.5 meters in diameter and not more than 5 meters in diameter. The bombs were tied around them, so the bomb razroblyayas one hundred percent to the TU-4, the bomb bay, which allowed the spread of "virobi" with a diameter of no more than 1.5 meters.
In the world of robustness, it has become obvious that there is a need for a special scientific and pre-modern organization for the design and development of the “virobi” itself. A number of advances, carried out by the Laboratory N2 of the Academy of Sciences of the SRSR, were carried out in the form of a “longitudinal and isolated message”. Tse meant: it was necessary to set up a special scientific-virobnichesky center for the development of an atomic bomb.

Svorennya KB-11

From the end of 1945 to the rock ishov poshuk mission for the distribution of the top-secret object. We looked at the different options. In the end of April 1946, Y. Khariton and P. Zernov looked at Sarov, formerly there was a monastery, and now the plant N 550 is being built up to the People's Commissariat of Arms. The bag vibrates on a whole mission, as it has been seen from the great places and one hour a little pochatkovy rolls the infrastructure.
The scientific-virobnichability of KB-11 was a great deal of secrecy. Її character і tsіlі bouly is a sovereign secretary of the first row value. Food to protect the object from the first days passed to the center of uvagi.

April 9, 1946 to rock bulo accepted close the decree for the sake of the ministries of the SRSR of the design bureau (KB-11) at the laboratory N 2 of the Academy of Sciences of the SRSR. The chief of KB-11 of the design bureau is P. Zernov, the chief designer is Yu. Khariton.

Resolution for the sake of the Ministries of the SRSR from the 21st day of 1946 to the fate of the zhorstki term of the stem of the object: persha cherga is guilty of going to day 1 of the week of 1946, a friend of his own - 1 May of 1947 to the fate. The budget of KB-11 ("ob'єkta") was submitted to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the SRSR. "Ob'єkt" is guilty of occupying up to 100 sq. kilometers of forest in the zone of the Mordovian reserve and up to 10 sq. kilometers in the Gorky region.
The business was conducted without projects and previous projects, the part of robots took over the actual vitrates. The collective will be formed from the results of the "special contingent" - this is how it began in the official documents of the arrangement. Nearby, there were special facilities and services. Protect the business was very important, the first virobny corps and boules are ready only on the cob 1947 rock. A part of the laboratory was built in monasteries.

A great week of awesome robots. The reconstruction of the plant N 550 for the construction on the obvious areas of the previous plant is underway. I will need an updated power station. It was necessary to build a live-press workshop for robots with vibuchovnye chases, as well as a number of buys for experimental laboratories, viprobovalnye, casemates, warehouses. To carry out vibukhovyh robots, it is necessary to clear and possess great maidans in the foxes.
Special applications for scientific and pre-ancient laboratories were not transferred to the cob stage - the guilty bully took twenty rooms in the head design building. The designers, like the administrative services of KB-11, were supposed to be accommodated in the reconstructed primitives of the collegiate monastery. The need to settle the mind for the arriving workers and robbers was drawn to the greater respect for the village, like a step to take rice from a small place. One hour, a medical place was built from the life of the city, a library, a cinema club, a stadium, a park and a theater were built.

On the 17th of 1947, by a decree for the sake of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the SRSR, under the signature of Stalin, KB-11 was brought to the special regime enterprises for the re-creation of the second territory into a closed regime zone. Sarov buv viluchenii from the administrative order of the Mordovian ARSR and vyklyucheniya from the most regional materials. In 1947, the perimeter of the zone will be taken over by the security guard.

Robots in KB-11

Mobilization of faults in the nuclear center was installed independently from all of the households. The workers of KB-11 were shocking young and promising scientists, engineers, robots literally at all institutions and organizations of the land. All candidates for a robot in KB-11 underwent a special conversion in the security services.
The idea of atomic energy has become a robot bag for a great team. Ale vin was not formed from faceless "regular units", but from some specialties, many of which have forgotten the past in the history of modern and modern science. Here there is a large concentration of significant potential, such as scientific, design, and viconavian, working.

In 1947, the robot in KB-11 brought 36 scientific athletes to the robot. Voni bully vidryadzheni from іnіsnіh institutes, in the main s Academy of Sciences of the USSR: Institute of Chemistry Physics, Laboratory N2, NDI-6 and Institute of Machine Learning. In 1947, there were 86 engineering and technical workers in KB-11.
With regard to the quiet problems, such as the need for bulo virishity in KB-11, the formulation of the main structural podrozdilov has begun. The first scientifically-pre-existing laboratories began to work out the 1947 attachments to the rock in advance until the next steps:
laboratory N1 (Kerіvnik - M. Ya. Vasil'ev) - the modification of structural elements to the charge from the explosive, which will prevent a spherically converging detonation flare;
laboratory N2 (A.F.Bulyaev) - delayed explosive detonation;
laboratory N3 (V.A.
laboratory N4 (L. V. Altshuler) - designation of the country;
laboratory N5 (K. I. Shcholkin) - natural vip testing;
laboratory N6 (E.K. Zavoyskiy) - vimіryuvannya clamping of the central part;
laboratory N7 (A. Ya. Apina) - neutron fuse box;
laboratory N8 (N.V. Ageev) - the introduction of authorities and characteristics of plutonium and uranium for the purpose of storing it in a bomb design.
An ear of large-scale robots of the first atomic charge can be carried until 1946. At the end of the period until the decision For the Ministries of the USSR from the 21st day of 1946, Yu. B. Khariton has prepared "Tactical and technical design for the atomic bomb."

At TTZ vkazuvalosya, the atomic bomb exploded in two versions. In the first one of them, buty plutonium (RDS-1) is guilty of working speech, and in the other, uranium-235 (RDS-2). In the case of a plutonium bomb, crossing the critical camp is guilty of reaching for the symmetrical squeezing of plutonium, which has the form of a coulis, an extremely vibuchic speech (implosive version). The other option goes through the critical camp to take care of the uranium-235 for the additional vibuch speech ("harmatny option").
At the ear of 1947, the form of design podrozdiliv will be repaired. A collection of all the design robots were concentrated in a single scientific and design sector (NKS) KB-11, which was made by V.A.Turbiner.
The intensity of the robotics in KB-11 from the very cob of the boole was even greater and steadily growing;
Carrying out vibukhovyh slides with great charges from explosives rang out in the spring of 1947 to the future of the previous Maydanchiks KB-11. The most recent debate in the gas-dynamic sector. In 1947, a great number of fakhivtsy were sent to link up with the tsim tudi in 1947: K. I. Shcholkin, L.V. Altshuler, V.K.Bobol'ev, S.N.Matv'ev, V.M. Nekrutkin, P.I. Roy, N. D. Kazachenko, V. I. Zhuchikhin, A. T. Zavgorodniy, K. K. Krupnikov, B. N. Ledenev, V. M. Maligin, V. M. Bezotosny, D. M. Tarasov, K. I. Panevkin, B.A. Terletska and іnshі.
Experimental monitoring of the gas dynamics of the charge was carried out under the control of K. I. Shcholkina, and the theoretical nutrition was broken up in Moscow by a group, ocholyuvanuyu Ya. B. Zeldovich. The robots were carried out in a tough collaboration with designers and technologists.

A.Ya. Apina, V.A. Oleksandrovich and designer A.I. Abramov. To achieve the necessary result, it is necessary to master the new technology of victorious polonium, so that volodya can achieve a high radioactivity. At the same time, it is necessary to build a folding system to get in touch with the full range of materials from your alpha-vipromyuvannya.
At KB-11, a trivial hour was underway to improve the design and development of the best precision element for the charge-capsule-detonator. A.Ya. Apina, I.P. Sukhov, M.I. Puzirov, I. P. Kolesov i іnshi. The development of the preliminaries has clamped down on the territorial approach of physicists-theorists to the scientific-pre-slidnitskiy, design and virobnichy bases of KB-11. Bereznya 1948 fate in KB-11 became the formulation of theoretical evidence from Kerivnistvom Ya.B. Zeldovich.
In KB-11, new laboratories and large-scale designs are being developed, and new high-tech standards of the Radiansky Union are being developed on them.

The plans, the atrocities in 1946, could not vrahuvati bagatokh folds, as they were shown to the participants in the atomic project in the world of pushing forward. By the Decree of the RM N 234-98 ss / op ved 02/08/1948 r The term is prepared for the charge of RDS-1 bullets for a larger term - until the parts are ready for the charge with plutonium on the Combine N 817.
By the way, it became clear to the RDS-2 option by the end of the hour that it was not enough to bring it to the stage of viprobation through the altogether low efficiency of the RDS-2 option due to the vitrates of nuclear materials. Robots on RDS-2 boules were made in mid-1948 rock.

According to the decree for the Radi of Ministries of the SRSR, dated 10 worms of 1948, the fate is recognized: the first patron of the head designer of the "ob'ukt" - Shcholkin Kirilo Ivanovich; defenders of the head designer of the object - Volodymyr Ivanovich Alfiorov, Mikola Leonidovich Dukhiv.
In the fierce 1948 rock in KB-11, 11 scientific laboratories were loaded, including theorists from Kerivnistvom Ya.B. Zeldovich, who moved to the facility in Moscow. Before the warehouse of this group included D. D. Frank-Kamenetsky, N. D. Dmitriev, V. Yu. Gavrilov. Experimentalists were not considered theoreticians. The robots found themselves near the KB-11 units, which were guided for firing a nuclear charge. The construction of the ball is clear, the mechanism of the drive is also clear. In theory. On a practical basis, it is necessary to know and to carry out a changeover, so that you can do it.
Proceedings were also actively practiced - those who needed to be interested in the ideas of engineers and designers in reality. Kerіvnik to the plant in linen 1947, with the signs of A. Do Bessarabenko, becoming the chief engineer N. A. Petrov, heads of the shops - P. D. Panasyuk, V. D. Shcheglov, A. I. Novitsky, G.A. Savosin, A. Ya. Ignatyev, V.S. Lyubertsev.

In 1947, in the KB-11 structure, another pre-past plant appeared - for the production of parts from vibuchovies, the folding of pre-existing institutions of production and the creation of bagatories of the most important enterprises. The results of the designs and design projections were quickly integrated into specific details, universities, blocks. Qiu, in the smallest worlds, saw two creeks at KB-11. Plant No. 1 has been able to prepare bagatech parts and vuzli RDS-1 and sometimes - їkh folding. Plant No. 2 (becoming the director of A. Ya. Malskyi) was engaged in practical revisions of versatile tasks, knitting from detriment and processing of parts from explosives. Zbirka charge of explosives was carried out in the workshop, yakim keruvav MA Kvasov.

Putting the skin of the stage passes in front of the presenters, designers, engineers, robots of the new plant. People worked for 14-16 years a day, and more information is available. 5 serpnya 1949, a charge of plutonium, prepared at Combine No. 817, was taken by the committee at a chol with Khariton and by means of a long-term trip to KB-11. Here in the middle of the 10th to the 11th of the bulwark a control collection of the nuclear charge was carried out. Vona showed: RDS-1 is suitable for technical vimogs;

One of the first practical crocs to the Special Committee and the PSU was the expansion of the viral base of the nuclear plant complex. In 1946, a number of decisions were made in order to connect with plans. One of them had a stem at the Laboratory No. 2 of the Specialized Design Bureau for the Development of Nuclear Health.

On April 9, 1946, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted the closed resolution No. 806-327 on KB-11. This is how the organization is called, poklikana to open "virib", so that an atomic bomb. The chief of KB-11 of the Buv Appointments P.M. Zernov, head designer - Yu.B. Khariton.

Until the moment of acceptance of the decision on the supply of KB-11, the detailed operations will be carried out. Already, there is a designation for the development of the specificity of the robotics. On one side, especially at the top of the secrecy steps, there is a prospect of robots, the need for vibuchovial experiments was the beginning of vibrations of sparsely populated populations, some of the visual precautions of mismatch. From the beginning - not going overwhelmingly away from the enterprises and the organization of the nuclear project, a part of which has passed in the central regions of the country. An important factor was the presence of a virobnic base of transport arteries on the territory of the Maybut design bureau.

In front of KB-11, the bulo was assigned to launch two versions of atomic bombs - plutonium with spherical obtrusion and uranium with hardened proximity. Upon completion of the development, it was planned to carry out state-owned viprobuvan charges at a special polygon. The ground vibukh was transferred to the charge of the plutonium bomb before 1 September 1948, to the fate of the people, and the uranium - to 1 worm in 1948.

For the official point of view, the cob of the RDS-1 box is next to the date of the release of the "Tactical and technical plant for the atomic bomb" (TTZ), signed by the head designer Yu.B. Khariton on the 1st of 1946 to the rock and direct to the chief of the First Head Directorate under the Radio Ministries of the SRSR B.L. Vannikov. The technical staff included 9 points and covered the appearance of a nuclear weapon, the way to transfer through a critical mill, the overall and mass characteristics of an atomic bomb, the difference in timing of the electrical detonators, which could be up to an overhead pilot in the airplane.

As a matter of fact, before the TTZ, the distribution of two variants of atomic bombs was transferred - the implosive type for plutonium and uranium with hardened proximity. Dovzhina bombi is not guilty of a bullet perevischuvati 5 meters, diameter - 1.5 meters, and a carriage - 5 tons.

Immediately the activity of the viprobvalny was transferred to the polygon, the aerodrome, the pre-production plant, as well as the organization of the medical service, the stem of the library, etc.

The development of the atomic bomb has a wide range of physical and technical nutrition, related to the great programs of theoretical and theoretical studies, design and engineering and experimental robots. First for everything, it was necessary to carry out the advancement of physical and chemical authorities of materials, to develop, develop and test the methods of their literary and mechanical processing. It is necessary to set up radiochemical methods for the production of young products in the basement, organize the production of polonies and develop the technology for the preparation of dzherel neutrons. Bully needed methods for evaluating critical mass, developing the theory of efficiency and CCD, as well as the theory of nuclear vibuch in general and richly.

A short spillover of quiet straightforwardness was formed, in which robots burst into flames, far from taking advantage of all the wisdoms of intelligence, as they were able to help for the successful completion of the atomic project.

Lyutnev in 1948, by decreeing for the sake of the Ministries of the SRSR, quick lines of the statement of the main director of the atomic project, Yu.B. Kharitonov and P.M. Grain passed away without preservation of preparation and presentation to the first birch birch 1949 fate on the state viprobuvannya one set of atomic bomb RDS-1 with the general order.

With the help of an hourly vykonannya zavdannya in the decision was made to exchange and terminate the scientific work of the past and the preparation of material part for carrying out the free-design viprobovan, as well as the revision of the personnel organizations of drinking.

From the scientifically-prehistoric robots, the offensive was seen:

completion until 1948 until the end of the year for the release of a spherical charge from vibuchovs;
vivchennya until the sticking of the same problem and the obtrusion of metals with a vibuhu charge of vibuchovic speeches;
development of the design of the neutron fuse until 1949;
Determination of critical mass and collection of pluton and uranium charges for RDS-1 and RDS-2. Zbirannya plutonium charge for RDS-1 up to 1 cruel 1949 rock.

Development of the design for the power of the atomic charge - "RD-1" - (for the other half of 1946, the people called "RDS-1") were sent to NDI-6 in 1945. The development was presented with a model charge in a scale of 1/5 of the full-scale value. The robots were carried out without technical assignment, and Y.B. Khariton. N.A. Terletskiy, who pratsyuvav in NDI-6 in the vicinity of the room, kudi in the buv permission from tilka Yu.B. Kharitonov and E.M. Adaskin - st. The director of NDI-6, who had been responsible for the coordination of robots with other groups, as well as the launch of high-speed detonators for securing the synchronous drive of a group of electric detonators and robots according to the electric back-up system. The okrema group has become engaged in the selection of vibukhovyh speech and technology for the preparation of non-important forms of parts from the aircraft.

At the ear of 1946, the model of the bull was broken up, and up to the lithium it was prepared in 2 examples. Viprobauvannya of the model was carried out at the polygon NDI-6 in Sofron.

Until the end of 1946, the distribution of documentation for a full-scale charge was sent out, which began to be carried out in KB-11, de on the cob in 1947 in Sarov Buli, a handful of minimal minds for the preparation of vibrations before No. 2 in KB-11, supplied from NDI-6).

Even before the cob of atomic charges are ready for the launch of the atomic bomb (in their own front-line robot), the theme was absolutely new for the designers. Smells did not know the physical fundamentals of the charge, new materials, how to get stuck in the design, the physical and mechanical powers, the admissibility of the spiral zberigannya, etc.

Great dimensions of details from explosives and folding geometric shapes, hard tolerance craved the solution of technical problems. So, for the preparation of a large-sized hull for a charge of special-purpose enterprises of the region, they did not undertake, and brought the approved plant No. 1 (KB-11) to the ready for the hull, sending the hull to the city to be ready at the Kirovsky plant in Leningrad. Oversized details from explosives with a collection of boules are also available in KB-11.

When pochatkovіy organіzatsії rozrobki warehouses elementіv charge, if robіt to bulo Zăluceni іnstituti i pіdpriєmstva rіznih mіnіsterstv, target problem pov'yazana of tim scho dokumentatsіya been viewed rozroblena for rіznimi vіdomchim kerіvnim materіalami (іnstruktsії, tehnіchnі minds normalіzuє obmіn rechovin, pobudova kreslyarskogo poznachennya etc.). The price of the situation greatly accelerated the growth of the battery through the great possibilities of getting the elements to charge. The position was corrected in 1948-1949 rr. as the patron of the head designer and the head of the scientific and design sector of KB-11 N.L. Dukhova. Winning from me from OKB-700 (from Chelyabinsk) I will take over there the "System of the Kreslyarsky Gospodarstva" and organizing the rework of the earlier broken-down documentation, bringing it to the United system. The new system, in the most beautiful rank, has come to the minds of our smart design, transferring a multivariate design (due to the novelty of the designs).

If there is a charge of radio and electrical elements ("RDS-1"), then the stench of a whole bunch of boxes. Moreover, the stench was shattered from the duplicates of the most common elements (to avoid the necessary hopes) and diversified miniaturization.

Rigorous vimogi to the reliability of supplying the charge, safeguarding the robots with the charge, saving the charge during the period of the guarantee term of its ability to increase the reliability of the design.

The houses, which were delivered by investigation, were about the bombs and the bullets, which were innumerable and often superfluous. So, about the caliber of a uranium bomb, tobto "Malyuka", which appeared, then it was 3 "(inches), then 51/2" (for sure, the caliber appeared a little more). About the pluton bomb, tobto "Tovstun" - "yak pear-shaped tilo", and about the diameter - now 1.27 m, then 1.5 m.

Prior to the reduction of the contours of the aviabombie hull, KB-11 turned TsAGI. The blowing in the first aerodynamic pipes of an unprecedented number of variants of contours (up to 100, before the certificate of Academician S. A. Khristianovich) started to bring success.

The need to drive a folding automation system is another axis of the principle of visibility from the distribution of special air bombs. The automation system was stored from the stages to the control and sensors of the distant connection; starting, "critical" and contact sensors; dzherel energy (accumulators) and systems of innovation (including a set of capsule-detonators), which will not provide synchronous control over time, from the microsecond range.

In such a rank, at the first stage of implementation of the project:

buv of values lіtak-nosіy: ТУ-4 (by order of Y. V. Stalin, the American "litayucha fortress" B-29 was created);
broken up of options for the design of air bombs; Carrying out a lot of testing and rebuilding to the satisfaction of the atomic safety contours and designs;
The automatics of the bomb and the adjuster of the litak were broken, as a guarantee of safety in advance, the benefit and reduction of AB, the implementation of the power supply for the given height, and in one hour - saving the drive for the atomic vibuhu.

Structurally, the Persha atomic bomb was built on the basis of the offensive principles of their warehouses:

nuclear charge;
vibukhovoy annex i systems and automatics to supply a charge with systems zapobіgannya;
balistic hull aviabombi, in which the nuclear charge and the automatics were raised.

The atomic charge of the RDS-1 bomb is a bagatosharov design, in which the transfer of active speech - plutonium in the supercritical mill, was used for the rakhunok squeezing for the help of the converging spherical detonation of the vibrating ears.

Great successes were achieved not only by technologists, but also by metallurgists and radio chemists. The breeders of the same diligence have made a small number of houses and high-active isotopes. The rest of the moment was especially short, for that short-lived isotopes, being the main source of neutrons, could have a negative influx on the front vibuch.

At the empty plutonium nucleus in the storage shell of natural uranium, a neutron fuse (NZ) is set up. In the course of 1947-1948, 20 different propositions were looked at close by, but the principles of the project were attached to the attachment of the modern NZ.

One of the most folding universities of the first atomic bomb RDS-1 will be charged with vibuchic speech in the alloy of TNT with hexogen.

The vibration of the ringing radius of the VV appears, from one side, to the need to remove the necessary energy, and, from the bottom, to the acceptable size of the virob and the technological capabilities of the computer.

The first atomic bomb was razroblyasno hundred percent of the time in the TU-4 lithuania, the bomb bay which secured the possibility of changing the virobi with a diameter of up to 1500 mm. Vyhodyachy z ts'go overall dimensions and values of the midsection of the ballistic hull of the RDS-1 bomb. The explosive charge is constructively an empty cooler and formed from two balls.

The inner ball is molded from two nip-spherical pods, twisted from a spinning alloy of TNT with hexogen.

The name ball to the explosive charge of the RDS-1 is taken up from the surrounding elements. Tsei ball, the designation for the formation of spherical detonation detonation in the department of explosives, and I will name the focus of the system, having one of the main functional institutes of charge, which is rich in terms of tactical and technical indicators.

Already at the very cob stage of the development of a nuclear waste, it became obvious that before the characteristics of the processes that were going on in the charge, it was possible to use the rozrakhunkov-experimental route, which allowed the theoretical analysis of the results of the experiments to be completed.

Varto is especially notable that the head designer of the RDS-1 Yu.B. Khariton and the main researchers, physicists-theorists, knew about the high yield of 2.5% of an uncommon vibuch (a decrease in the pressure of vibuch by ~ 10%) and about the inheritances that could be cleared up from a different realization. They knew and ... they did it.

A place for a bulo vibrano viprobubal polygon in the area of the Semipalatinsk Kazakh RSR in a waterless steppe with dry thrown and dry winds, salty lakes, partly shrouded low mountains. Maidanchik, designated for the construction of a viprobuvalny complex, was a valley with a diameter of about 20 km;

The history of the polygon was rospochato in 1947, and until 1949, the rock was finished. All for two rocky boules viconani robots of a colossal obscenity, with an excellent quality and a high technical level. All materials were delivered to the Maydan churches by automobile transport on unpaved roads for 100-200 km. Rukh bulo cylodobovim and charge, and flow.

On the previous field, we used a number of equipment with vimiruval equipment, vіyskovі, civil and industrial equipment for vivchennya injected with hostile factors in the nuclear vibuhu. At the center of the previous field there was a metal tower with a height of 37.5 m for the RDS-1 installation.

Until recently, the field was divided into 14 viprobvalny sectors: two fortification sectors; sector of civil sporud; physical sector; vіyskovі sectors for the distribution of intelligence in vіyskovoі technology; biological sector. According to the radii in the private-to-field and to the visual-to-lateral paths on the other sides to the center of the boulevard, equipped with attachments awaited for the separation of photochronographic, cinema-and-oscillographic vibration equipment in them.

At the 1000 m from the center of the building, there was built a subdivision for equipment, restructuring of light, neutron and gamma fluxes of nuclear vibuhu. Optical and oscillographic equipment was controlled by cables from a programmable machine.

For vivchennya injected nuclear vibuhu on the previous field, bullets stimulated the development of subway tunnels, fragments of illicit-landing smogs of aerodromes, the development of aircraft. For the transportation of the current technology, 90 railway cars were used.

Uryadova committee for conducting vip testing of RDS-1 for the heads of M.G. Pervukhina began to work on the 27th of 1949 rock. The 5th sickle comic bullet was broken down about the readiness of the polygon and it was projected for 15 days to carry out a detailed review of the operations on the selection and the preparation of the virob. Visiting the hour of viprobuvannya - the end of the number of the sickle.

With a scientific certificate of viprobuvannya buv signs І.V. Kurchatov, from the Ministry of Defense of the Preparatory Range to Viprobuvan Keruvav, Major General V.A. Bolyatko, scientific proof of the polygon zd_ysnyuvav M.A. Sadovskiy.

In the period from 10 to 26, 10 rehearsals were carried out with the control of the viprobubal field and the apparatus for charging the charge, as well as three trenches with the launch of all apparatus and 4 for driving the full-scale explosives with the aluminum automatic ball.

On 21 sickles a plutonium charge and a number of neutron fuses were delivered by a special trip to the bulo polygon;

Naukovy Kerivnik to I.V. Kurchatov, prior to the request of L.P. Berії, having given the order about viprobvannya RDS-1 29 sickle in 8 years old for the month hour.

At the beginning of August 29, 49, the boole was re-assembled to the charge. The collection of the central part with the installation of parts for plutonium and a neutron fuse was carried out by a group in the warehouse of N.L. Dukhova, N.A. Terletskiy, D.A. Fishman and V.A. Davidenko (installation "NZ"). Residual assembly to the charge of the buv completions up to 3 years and to the wound of the 29th crescent by A.Ya. Malsky and V.I. Alfiorova. Members of the special committee L.P. Beria, M.G. Pervukhin and V.A. Makhnov controlled the final operations.

At the day of vip testing at the command post of the polygon, located 10 km away from the center of the viprobuvalny field, there was a large amount of vysokovanny viprobuvannya: L.P. Beria, M.G. Pervukhin, I.V. Kurchatov, Yu.B. Khariton, K.I. Shcholkin, sportsmen of KB-11, took a part in the residual set charge on the tower.

Until the age of 6, the wound was charged on the viprobuvalnuyu, it was completed with the detonators and connected to the power supply circuit.

Through the pogirshennya wait a year earlier, one year earlier (from 7.00 am to 8.00 am for the plan), all robots began to be carried out, transferred to the hardened regulations.

About 6 years old, 35 hilin operators turned on the handling of the automation system, and about 6 years old, 48 hwilin, the operators turned on the automatic device of the viprobuval field.

Rivne about the 7th anniversary of the 29th sickle of 1949 to the fate of the whole mass was illuminated with a flickering light, which marked the CPCP having successfully completed the development and viprobation of the first atomic bomb.

Behind the spogads of the participant of the viprobuvannya D.A. Fishman, podії in the primitive CP rose to the offensive rank:

In the remaining seconds before the vibration, the doors were opened, the doors were opened on the ringing boat (towards the center of the field), so that the moment of the vibration could be boosted for the splash of illumination of the scene. At the moment of “zero,” everyone started to shine a little more brightly and lightly on the earth. Yaskravist perevischuvala dormouse in a spine of development. It was clear that we will be successful!

All vibrating from the priming and vibrating to the parapet, like a kitchen garden, a direct flowing vibuhu. In front of them, a charming, beyond its scale, picture of the illumination of the majestic clown with the saw and the dima, in the center of a half-shell, was seen!

Malsky's words spilled over the axis of the loudspeaker: “It’s innocent for everyone to wake up to the CP! Come close to the shock of the hvilya "(after rozrahunkami, the guilty party was guilty to the command post in 30 seconds).

Uvіyshovshi to attention, L.P. Taking all the warmth of the successful vipings, and I.V. Kurchatova and Yu.B. Kharitona roztsiluvav. Ale vseredin, mabut, the new one has lost his mind in the wake of vibuhu, some of them have not become at once the ringing and occasional I.V. Stalin about the success of the test, and having gone to another point of caution, the nuclear physicist M.G. Meshcheryakov, who in 1946 was present at the demonstrations of their trials of US atomic charges on the Bikin Atoll.

On another precautionary point, Beria so warmly welcomed M.G. Meshcheryakova, Ya.B. Zeldovich, N.L. Dukhova and their comrades. Pislya ts'go win slyly raspituvav Meshcheryakov about the lasting effect of American vibuhiv. Meshcheryakov singing along, our vibuch from the most famous picture will overturn the American one.

Having taken the confirmation of the eyewitness, Beria went to the headquarters of the polygon from the team, and told Stalin about the success of the test.

Stalin, having learned about the success of the vip test, called B.L. Vannikov (who was at home and through ailments was not at all present at the test) and welcoming him to successful tests.

Behind Boris Lvovich's promptings, I was guided to the reception, becoming a talk, well the merit of the party and the order ... Then Stalin interrupted him, saying: “Come on, Comrade Vannikov, here are the formalities. Think more beautifully, yak at the shortest hour we can prepare cich virobes. "

After 20 minutes of driving the vibuhu to the center of the boule field, two tanks were straightened, possessed by a lead stopper, to carry out radio development and look around the center of the field.

A rozvidkoyu bulo was established, and everything was built in the center of the field of knowledge. A funnel was set up on the bashti, the soil in the center of the field melted and a suction crack of slag was set. Gromadsky booths and promislovy construct boules more or less zruynovany. Vipal's eyewitnesses are terrified of the picture of the great battle.

The energy visualization of the first radioactive atomic bomb put down 22 kilotons of TNT equivalent.