Garlic growing recommendations profit. Growing garlic: anti-crisis business in the village

If we analyze the current world situation, the economic crisis, the decline in the level of solvency of citizens in the country, we can conclude that farming has become an extremely promising direction for creating your own business. And, if we consider that only a small number of farmers are engaged in some plants, then you can enter the market segment where competition is minimal. This plant can be called garlic, because it is not in a hurry to grow vegetables to grow it. There are several reasons for this, but the simplest is the expectation of small demand. Indeed, garlic is consumed in much smaller quantities than even the same onion. But despite this, garlic is a fairly popular product and you can make good money on growing it, if you know how to organize the business of growing garlic, and find distribution channels. We will talk about this in this article.

Garlic - general characteristics

Humanity grows for consumption the Állium satívum species, which is well-known garlic. He is a close relative of another well-known plant - onions. These two plants are not consumed by many people precisely for their specific taste and smell, but nevertheless, in the composition of many dishes, garlic and onions are simply obligatory. While garlic is also often used as a seasoning.

Garlic has a unique chemical composition: it contains more than 26% carbohydrates, 6.5% protein, up to 20 mg of ascorbic acid, as well as arsenic compounds that have medicinal properties when using garlic in its raw form. Garlic also has a strong antiseptic effect, due to which garlic is often used in medicine. Therefore, if we do not limit ourselves only to searching for buyers in the market, then it is possible to realize large volumes of your goods in a rather short time.

In the food using young leaves and teeth. Garlic is used in pickling and pickling vegetables, mushrooms, preparing sauces, as well as in cooking in many cuisines of the world.

We have garlic grown almost all over the territory but, unfortunately, mainly in the household plots. Recently, there has been a tendency to increase industrial space and the entry of large players into this business.

Prospects for "garlic" business

It should be noted that competition in this direction in the market is small. Cheap Chinese garlic can be considered the main competitor, but its specificity is that it contains much less essential oils.

Domestic farmers, on the other hand, are not very willing to grow this crop for a number of reasons, the main one being the complexity of mechanization. In other words, growing garlic on large areas is quite difficult and not very profitable, but for a small farm, when measuring areas goes by tens of hundreds, and not by hectares, growing garlic can become a very profitable business.

If you think about everything well, then growing garlic can bring quite large incomes.

What are the main difficulties of the garlic growing business?

And the main problem is that garlic is a two-year plant, which is the cause of some difficulties. In particular, if we reproduce the natural turnover, then instead of two items familiar to other plants (seed-fruits) we get three (seeds-sevok-fruit), in which the result is obtained only in the second year.

However, there is an option in which a full harvest can be obtained in a year, while everything is much easier. In this case a clove is planted - “A slice of garlic. But there is another problem - with this method of growing for 3-4 seasons (and sometimes much earlier) garlic degenerates, the yield drops sharply. This means that such a method cannot be taken as a basis. Another problem is that plant diseases are transmitted with this method of cultivation. The result - a lot of greens, and almost no garlic bulbs. Thus, periodically it is necessary to return to the two-year growing cycle in order to get the “first generation” of garlic again. But no large-scale farm wants to engage in such industrial scale, except that it has other business options. In more detail about options of cultivation of garlic we will tell further.

Legal issues

If you are determined to organize your own business in the cultivation and sale of garlic, then you need to legitimize their activities, that is, register as a business entity.

This is necessary so that in the future there will be no unpleasant nuances and undue attention from various regulatory authorities, as well as for comfortable cooperation with suppliers and wholesale buyers of garlic.

In this case, the form of a farm is best suited, although if you register as an individual entrepreneur, then it is quite possible to manage your farm in this way. If you wish, you can even turn to specialized firms that register new entrepreneurs, but for this they will require money, sometimes considerable ones.

Although, at first, you can not register at all, but simply grow garlic in a small plots of land, and sell it on the market. But, if you are planning to go high, then business registration is necessary, since most organizations simply do not want to cooperate with you.

How to grow garlic for sale

When legal issues are resolved, you can proceed to search for a site for planting culture.

First, garlic does not need to allocate too much space, it will be enough plot of up to 1 hectare. But for the industrial cultivation of this crop may be necessary about 5 hectares of land.

Already at this stage it is important to determine what form of garlic will be grown: winter garlic loves sandy soils, but the fiery is light loamy.

It has the advantages of growing both types of garlic:

• Winter garlic is harder to grow because the crop, given that it is waiting for the winter, has a better chance of dying, and it gives the crop until the time when the price of garlic on the market is minimal. But at the same time, the yield of such garlic is slightly higher than that of spring. Winter varieties are mainly used in processing, restaurant business and sales through supermarkets
• Spring garlic, in turn, is beneficial in that it is harvested in time for winter, when the cost of garlic is the highest. Spring varieties of garlic are stored much better, but they have smaller cloves.

But it should be noted that with proper storage, garlic bulbs can be stored for a long time, which allows you to delay the sale time to the right moment.

The next step is to determine how exactly garlic will be grown. Depending on the variety, this plant can grow from seed or from cloves. If you plant garlic cloves, the crop can be obtained within a year, that is, after the growing season of the plant. But in this case the plant will already be old, which means that over time the yield will only decrease. And this method leads to the fact that in the soil accumulate specific pathogens that harm garlic. This method is suitable if you get a harvest of garlic within one year.

Otherwise it is better to use the sowing. As a result, young plants will grow that are more resistant to external influences, which give a good harvest, and which need much less for planting. This method is chosen if it is planned to cultivate garlic for a long time, because it is a perennial plant. However, experienced agronomists note that it is winter garlic that is best grown with this method.

For the cultivation of spring varieties of garlic cultivated cultivation practiced. These are germinated seeds, which is a single-toothed bulb. It is planted in the same way as ordinary slices, but in this case the plants are more resistant.

But, the most optimal way of doing business will be growing garlic, while at the same time providing oneself with a replacement seed fund, allocating for this a small part of the land on which the onion sets will be grown. It is this type of cultivation that can be considered optimal, in which case you do not run the risk of facing the problem of degeneration.

So, we land for the first time just a “tooth”, having decided in advance on the area where we will grow our “gene pool”. Winter garlic gives the greatest yield, but there is more risk with it, so let’s dwell on the more usual spring. Moreover, due to good storage there is no need to urgently implement it in the fall, when there are a lot of it for sale.

It is usually planted "in a row", the distance in the row should be from 5 to 10 centimeters, the row spacing is usually 45 cm. Planting depth depends on the type of soil, but in general it can be taken as 6-7 centimeters. Spring varieties are planted in early spring, when the soil warms up to 5 degrees, the growing season (depending on the variety) is from 90 to 110 days. Further care is fairly standard - loosening and weed control.

The next important period is when the shooters appear (from which the seeds will come out). Naturally, in the “seed” part, the arrows do not touch, but on other plants they are removed manually.

The seeds of garlic (“bulbs” - aerial bulbs on arrows) are removed, dried, sorted. Then they are sown to get a "skivka", from which in the future we will get a new "first generation" of garlic.

To start making profits from garlic on an industrial scale, you must first understand that garlic is rather a good addition to any kind of main activity, or a culture for parallel cultivation, since it is rather difficult to make money only from garlic. In this regard, this crop is grown in multi-purpose farms, where it occupies a site for several years and, if not so actively, but still participates in crop rotation. Good forerunners for garlic can be called green manure crops, legumes, cabbage, and some pumpkin, except cucumber. It is better not to plant garlic after closely related plants, that is, of the Amaryllis family (the most common crop is onions), as well as carrots.

Planting of garlic starts at different times, depending on the region, but the further south, the later the sowing begins; and it concerns both spring and winter forms.

Fertilizer prefers organic garlic, but still add inorganic. In the case of increased acidity of the soil, it must first be subjected to liming. The soil must be hydrated, because garlic is a moisture-loving plant. Subsequently, the soil under garlic should not only be fertilized, but also moderately moist. Sevok itself or the seeds must be placed at a considerable depth in the soil, otherwise the plants may freeze - this applies primarily to winter garlic. Phosphorus and potassium are introduced into the soil immediately, but nitrogen must be added later, in the spring.

Garlic has a fairly large number of pests that can significantly reduce the yield of this plant. At the same time, garlic has both common diseases, which are found in all members of the bulbous genus, and is resistant to some of them. Not only growing plants, but also harvested stems can fight, this applies to bacterial decay, which is also found in onions. But the most dangerous disease is Fusarium, which in some years can destroy more than half of the entire crop. This is a fungal disease that not only harms the culture, but is also dangerous for the health of animals and people.

Of insects, garlic was chosen by the mites, with which farmers almost always fight, as well as onion flies. Moreover, the definition of "onion flies" refers to several species of different families, so you need to study all possible pests in your region in order to more effectively deal with them. They destroy insects with the help of pesticides and pesticides, while today there are modern preparations that can effectively deal with pests, but do not accumulate and destroy plants.

It is harder to determine if the garlic has ripened and ready for harvest. In some types of garlic inflorescences with seeds should develop well, it is easy to determine by yellowing of the leaves. In this case, the plants are collected, but not only the bulbs are stored, but also the inflorescences themselves for obtaining seed stock.

Garlic storage

Another important factor when it comes to growing garlic for sale is its storage. Usually the order is this - after digging garlic is left for two days in a field under the sun. During this time, the stems and leaves dry up, and the nutrients from them go into teeth. In addition, direct sunlight is a good means of prevention from a number of diseases and ticks.

If the weather is bad, the garlic is immediately taken from the field and dried in a well-ventilated room for up to 10 days. After that, the leaves are cut off (leaving about 3 cm of the neck of the bulb) and the roots (leave about 3 mm). Further, the garlic in this form is stored in the cold (not in the freezer, namely in a cool place where the temperature does not rise above +3, but does not fall below -1 degree) with good air circulation. In such conditions, it can be stored for up to a year, and the loss will be no more than 4%. Although at first it can be stored at temperatures up to +10 degrees.

If the premises were properly treated, the plants will not rot and experience the strong influence of pests.

As mentioned above, garlic can be stored for up to several months, which makes it possible to sell it at the right time. But the most valuable, of course, is a fresh, only collected plant.

Organizational issues of garlic business

To properly care for the plant, you need to have the appropriate equipment. In any diversified farm, apparently, there is already a universal technique to which a tractor with a plow and a trailer can be attributed.

A cultivator and a minitractor will also be needed. But for the tractor, it is desirable to buy a special planter for garlic, which is set up in such a way as to optimally plant the seeds in the ground.

In addition, for large areas a specialized combine for garlic harvesting is required. It is quite expensive, so it makes sense either to rent this equipment, or to lease such equipment. But such a combine will have a variety of functions that will allow the output to receive almost already sorted and selected garlic. That is, the advantages of using such equipment, of course, are there, but if it was decided to purchase such expensive equipment, then you can consider buying a special line for processing garlic. Thanks to this, it will be possible to receive a ready-made product, which can also be sold much more expensively.

To ensure manual work is best to contact the nearest village or village, where many free hands. For an optimal fee, you can hire a small number of workers, and for the time of any hard work, you can attract outside force.

How much to spend and how much you can earn on garlic

Now you need to decide on the cost of seed. Agronomists note that the use of a set or teeth is sometimes very unprofitable, because you have to buy a large amount of planting material. Rather, it will be big mass of this material. It is more profitable to use seeds, which in the price slightly exceed sevka, but you need them (seeds) significantly less. So, cloves need about one and a half tons per hectare, while the seeds will be enough just 20 kilograms per same area.

The average yield per hectare is 15 tons of the bulbs themselves. However, some varieties yield significantly more yield. The cost of seeds is on average 50 UAH per kilogram, and for sowing you need no more than 5 thousand hryvnias. With the cost of a kilogram of teeth at 25 UAH. per kilogram, you need 185 thousand hryvnia to provide yourself with a future harvest.

From this it becomes clear that sevok should be used only if it is planned to get a very good harvest from it. If we take into account that 75 tons of the crop was harvested (out of five hectares available), then at the average wholesale price of the same 20 UAH. for one kilogram you can get 1.5 million hryvnia. Thus, the first harvest can even fully cover the cost of purchased equipment.

Who to sell garlic

Garlic can be sold, in fact, very much to enterprises. First of all, it is worth contacting those organizations that are engaged in processing or food products. As a spice and flavor enhancer, garlic is in demand in many food processing plants. It is best to immediately start looking for future buyers, which will save time and money after the harvest is harvested.

Garlic can be sold to dealers, who will take a large batch together and give a significant amount of money for one contract, but the price per kilogram will be very small.

You can engage in wholesale sales with many partners, selling grown products at a price slightly higher, but in smaller batches.

You can also join the cooperative, where it is easy to sell grown plants.

But the most profitable is to engage in retail sales, because the market price of one kilogram of garlic in the cold season can reach 80 UAH. But there is a risk of not selling anything at all or selling too little to recoup the costs.

And, finally, if the products turned out to be very high-quality and have a good presentation, then you can do export sales, since Ukrainian products, in particular garlic, are of interest to consumers on the world market. But it is better to combine different ways of selling grown garlic, selling as many lots as possible to dealers and independently selling garlic on the market - this will reduce the risks of not selling anything and will increase profits.

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In the industrial cultivation of garlic, its profitability is over 40%. There are no problems with sales - garlic is in demand by the food industry, as well as by large Russian sales companies. Alexander Penshin, the main agricultural enterprise of the Urozhaynoye farm in the Ryazan region, shares his experience of growing this crop in the open ground.

For several years we grew winter garlic, but these were experiments on small areas, 20-25 acres each. The yield was 20-25 t / ha. After working out the technology for treaters and insecticides, as well as micronutrient fertilizers and tillage in our farm, it was decided to move to industrial culture cultivation. In 2010, they purchased 2.2 tons of French varieties of garlic at a price of 200,000 rubles / ton and laid a seed plot of 2 hectares, of which 20 acres were allocated for aerial bulbs. We plan to increase the area for garlic to 200 ha in 2-3 years.

IMPORTANTFOLLOWCROP ROTATION

Garlic can be planted after any predecessor, with the exception of potatoes, tomatoes and onions, because these crops share pests and diseases. It is better to place chesnok after well-fertilized legumes, pumpkin, early white-cauliflower and cauliflower, root crops for beam products, early green crops. From field crops, cereals, cereals for green fodder, hay and haylage, one-year-old and perennial grasses for fodder, clean and green manure beds are used as a precursor for it. In our farm, practically for all crops in the crop rotation, white mustard, stored in the soil as a siderat, is the precursor. We process the fields according to the system of semi-pair -2/3 of the season; white mustard grows here; the fields are not exposed to the hard, drying effect of the sun, biological weed control occurs, then the mustard is crushed and, after plowing, enters the soil, where, decomposing, enriches the earth with organic matter. After that, you can sow any crop, be it wheat, barley, carrot, or beetroot — these are all crops grown on our farm that can serve as a precursor of garlic.

SoilPREPAREIN ADVANCE

A relatively poorly developed root system of ches-nok requires high soil fertility. This crop prefers structural loamy and sandy soils rich in organic matter. However, they must have good water retention characteristics; The optimum pH value is 6.5-7.9. For the cultivation of garlic, we chose a site protected from the northern winds, without deflections (in which water could stagnate in spring) and elevations (where strong winter winds blow snow and may contribute to the freezing of the crop).

We prepare the soil for garlic as follows. First, grind the white mustard, then scatter ammonium nitrate (100 kg / ha) on the surface and immediately treat the field with disc tools in two tracks to a depth of 6-8 cm. After two weeks, we apply the main fertilizer in the amount of 400 kg / ha in physical weight (13:19:19), we plow to a depth of 27 cm. As weeds grow, we perform one disking, and on the sowing day we process the field with a vertical cutter "Lemken" to a depth of 10 cm.

Re-grow garlic over garlicor onions are permissible not earlier than6 years. A negative effect of planting garlic on fresh manure - worseningphytosanitary condition of landings andproduct quality.

During the growing season, herbicides do not use,therefore, before the winter, a continuous herbicide was appliedaction "Hurricane Forte" (you can "Roundup"“Zero”) with “Gezagard” soil herbicide(you can "Stomp"). When used togetherof these drugs, their doses were reduced by half -“Hurricane Forte” (1.5 l / ha) + “Gezagard” (1.5 l / ha),or “Stomp” (2.5 l / ha).

TREATMENTLANDINGMATERIAL

1-2 days before disembarking, we sort onions, sorting out small ones. Then the most labor-intensive process begins - the division of the bulbs into teeth, with the simultaneous culling of small, sick, and affected pests. On the landing day, we proceed to the treatment with fungicides (disinfectants) against pathogens. Planting material directly in the nets is immersed for 3-4 minutes in a 3% solution of the drug "TMTD" ("Thiram"). (It is he who is the one who checked our farm, although I cannot say that this is the best option - Fundazol is used in other farms.)

We also add microfertilizers to the solution: “Rexolin”, “Reacom” or “Aquarine Mix”. This has a positive effect on yield and product quality: overwintering improves, plants become more resistant to diseases, pests, and adverse factors.

LANDING -ATOPTIMALTERMS

The term of planting garlic in our area - the beginning of October-brya. Some farms plant earlier in order for the teeth to root well, but there is a danger of leaves appearing that can be damaged by frost.

At the beginning of October, there are still no stable frosts, and garlic has enough time to develop a strong root system (0.5-1.5 cm), which has a positive effect on wintering and spring growth. With too late planting it is impossible to form a good root system - such teeth overwinter poorly and freeze slightly.

For planting garlic in large areas on our farm, a Swedish tulip planting machine is used (it can be used to plant onion sets). In front of the openers, she has cumulatives, but since the field was prepared perfectly, they were not needed. Loading of planting material was carried out manually, from bags to bunkers.

In our region on heavy soils, the depth of planting garlic is equal to the two diameters of the planting mother-ala. The cloves of garlic for planting were 3.5 cm in size, respectively, the depth of planting was 7 cm. The planting was carried out in two lines in a row, the distance between the teeth was 10-12 cm, and the row spacing was 35 cm.

If it is possible to plant manually - in small areas - you can sand the bottom of the grooves so that the bottom of the clove does not touch the ground. The clove is planted vertically, with the bottom of the groove, sprout up. This helps to avoid root rot and is guaranteed to give a 10% yield increase. Unfortunately, when landing on a large area using planting machines, this is difficult to achieve.

SUPPLIES, SHEETS, WATERING

In the spring, with the formation of soil crust, it is possible to carry out inter-row cultivation, and when identifying signs of mineral starvation, it is necessary to combine them with fertilizers containing the missing element.

Herbicides are used in the fall, so in spring and summer they only loosen the spacing and, possibly (if the plot is small), hand weeding.

As the soil dries to a moisture level below 70% HB, watering is required. In the first half of the growing season, the irrigation rate is on average 250-300 m / ha, in the second half 350-450 m / ha.

When growing garlic on an industrial scale with the mass appearance of arrows at winter cropsarrow grades they must be removed. itincreases yields and product characteristicski 25-30%.

PROTECTIONFROMDISEASESANDPERSONS

Winter garlic can be affected by black mold that develops in a very rainy spring (this disease can often be observed in areas located to the south), as well as downy mildew (peronosporazom), white rot of the Donets (Fusarium) and storage rot.

The first (prophylactic) treatment of the causative agents of diseases is carried out by a systemic drug. Subsequent spraying is necessary when the first signs of the disease appear; at the same time, drugs with various active substances are alternated so that the pathogens do not develop resistance. Due to the waxy coating on garlic plants, surface-active substances must be injected into the working solution of fungicides: Trend-90, Amigo, etc. The main activities undertaken to prevent diseases are pre-sowing rejection of planting material, the use of disinfectants, and the maintenance of crop rotation.

Against insects that infect garlic and nano-siat much harm, reducing the yield and quality of grown products - wireworm, stem nematode and garlic mite - use one of the system-contact insecticides. It also helps to prevent infection by viral diseases that are carried by insects.

It is necessary to use the preparation "Kruiser" against the wireworm, adding it to the working solution during the etching from diseases. With the rest of the pests during the growing season it is necessary to fight with the help of drugs "Fastak" or "Bi-58".

WITHCLEANINGDO NOTTo be delayed

We carry out harvesting in dry, sunny weather on a tight schedule - the quality of the product depends on its efficiency, as well as its suitability for storage (garlic, harvested in favorable weather, dries for 2-3 days right on site). In rainy weather, we are forced to use dryers with active ventilation (with a gradual increase in temperature from 25 ° C to 40 ° C). It is noticed that the delay in the start of harvesting (especially in wet soil) leads to cracking of the onion covers of the bulbs, an increase in losses and the deterioration of product indicators. Bulbs with broken shells are further unsuitable for long-term storage and break up into individual teeth.

Shooting garlic begin to collect when yellowing of lower leaves and drying of bloodshells of bulbs, cracking wrapsinflorescences; non-pointed varieties - with massyellowing of the lower leaves and at the beginning of lodgingfalse stems. The exact timing of harvesting wintergarlic depend on the area of ​​cultivation, usuallythey fall on the end of July - the beginning of August.

After harvesting, garlic is finally dried in a field in the sun, then it is harvested, cut and brought under canopies, where it is sorted (manually on tables or by car) according to size. Garlic is very sensitive to shocks, the juicy cloves rot from them; therefore, it is necessary to handle onions and bees very carefully. When sorting, the heads are cleaned of the soil, the roots are cut, the false stem is shortened to 10-20 mm, the damaged, ugly and rotten bulbs are removed.

ASKEEPPRODUCTS

Peeled, dried (drying the neck well protects the bulbs from the penetration of pathogenic fungi and bacteria) and sorted onions are placed in boxes with a layer of 12-15 media placed in a repository with controlled conditions, or in cold storage chambers (at low temperatures, reproduction species of pathogens slows down). If there is no prepared storage, garlic can also be scattered on racks (layer 20-40 cm) or in boxes with a capacity of 10-12 kg, installed in stacks in such a way as to provide the most efficient ventilation of air.

If storage conditions are observed (at a temperature of 0 ...- 2 ° C, relative air humidity of 75-80% and air circulation of 2-4 volumes per hour), garlic can be stored for 1 year. Therefore, it can be realized in the period of peak demand and, accordingly, at the maximum price.

Garlic - an unpretentious plant. With proper business organization and knowledge of the cultivation technology, you can get a high yield. Due to the persistence of this plant is well developed on the ground with a different composition, it is often planted in gardens to control pests. Long shelf life allows competent marketing.

On the other hand, such a business is a rather laborious task. The difficulty in mechanization of the main processes strongly influences the level of profitability over a large area. But to grow garlic in a small area (several dozens of acres), you can count on a good income. If you own the land, the project will pay off after the sale of the grown crop.

Planting material

As in any other form of agricultural business, the yield depends largely on the quality of planting material. Modern farmers use three types:

1. garlic arrow   - it gives a crop after 2 years. On the one hand, the advantage of such material is low cost, but on the other hand, it is possible to get products for sale only after 2 years. The cost of a kilogram of garlic hands is 1200-1800 rubles per kilogram, but each bulb is much smaller than a regular clove. If for planting one hectare you need one and a half tons of cloves, it is enough to buy only 20 kilograms of such seeds for the same area;
2. sevok   - it is a single-bulb bulb, which makes it possible to grow a large head with several teeth;
3. clovefrom which the head grows in one harvest.

On the modern farms use the last two types, garlic arrow often simply left for planting for the next harvest, so as not to spend money on the purchase of expensive seed. The cost of teeth and seed sets is 250-300 rubles per kilogram, while you can buy an analogue of domestic garlic from China. A kilogram of planting material from China costs about 100-150 rubles per kilogram, but most farmers speak of its low quality.

Variety selection

All varieties are divided into fierce and winter. The last species is planted in the fall (in October), the fierce landing is done in April.

In Russia, the following varieties can be called the most popular:

• Lyubasha - common in Ukraine, it is frost-resistant, develops normally and grows with a lack of moisture. Therefore relevant to the southern regions. Can be stored for about 10 months. What is the benefit of this variety? About 15 tons of harvest can be obtained per hectare per year.
• Gribovsky anniversary   - planted in the winter, mid-season variety, produces arrows, in one bulb - 8-11 cloves;
• Ukrainian purple   and white   - variety is found in winter and ardent culture. This type of arrow does not give, has a large number of teeth, the mass of each varies within 2-10 grams.
• Komsomol member   - it has a sharp rich taste, mid-season, produces arrows, a large onion with 8-11 teeth.
• Saved   - The average size of the bulb, is very resistant to various diseases - nematode, fusarium, etc.
• Guliver   - Late variety, white flesh and dense, different sharpness, rich taste. You can store crops up to 8 months.
• Sofievsky   - refers to winter varieties, the bulb is round with a purple tinge. The variety is resistant to the nematode.

Financial plan

Consider a business plan for growing garlic on a leased land plot of 1 ha in size. In this case, the purchase of agricultural equipment is not made, it is taken for rent for planting and harvesting. Of the workers employed 2 people for the harvest and sent to the warehouse. The remaining costs incurred by other personnel are included in the rental of equipment (as payment is sent to the owners of the equipment for the amount of work done).

Expenditure part:

• execution of permits - 10 thousand rubles;
• land lease - 5 thousand rubles;
• the purchase of seed (1500 kilograms of teeth at a price of 250 rubles) - 375 thousand rubles;
• fertilizer costs - 10 thousand rubles;
• equipment rental - 75 thousand rubles;
• staff salary 40 thousand rubles.

Total - 515 thousand rubles.

How much can you earn?   About 10-50 tons can be harvested from one hectare, depending on the variety selected, the condition of the soil and climatic conditions. If you organize wholesale sales at a price of 110 rubles per kilogram, you can get income in the amount of 1.1 million rubles. (10,000 kg x 110 rubles.).

These calculations are approximate, as a rule, farmers who grow garlic at home for 10–20 acres are not spent on staff wages or rental of special equipment. Large farmers plant 10-20 hectares at once, with a portion of the income spent on the purchase of equipment.

Business registration

When growing garlic, you must register a business. The following legal forms will suit for this:

• individual - individual entrepreneur;
• limited liability company;

Farms pay taxes on a single agricultural tax, individual entrepreneurs or LLC can work on a tamed system. At the same time they have the same rate (6%), the tax base is repelled by the monetary expression of income. When registering, specify code OKVED 01.13 "Growing vegetables, fruits, crops for the production of beverages and spices".

Many grow garlic in the suburban areas, taking a few hundred. In this case, you can sell the products to dealers who do not require documents. The disadvantage is the low cost of purchase.
Video - Four-row garlic planter:

Equipment, inventory

For those who have no experience in the "garlic business", it is not recommended to start with large volumes. Planting crops on 10-20 acres is easy to manually, for processing the land of 1 hectare in size will require special equipment. Some rent a tractor with mounted technologies for planting, others save about buying a walk-behind tractor. Its cost depends on the configuration, on the size and type of engine (diesel or gasoline), the manufacturer. Prices range from 20 to 80 thousand rubles. You also need to stock up with the necessary equipment - buckets, shovels, vila, rakes, hoes, etc.

  If during the first years you manage to organize a business, you can work out schemes and technologies for growing and selling for yourself, you can buy or rent large lots. To process it you will need:

• seeder;
• tractor;
• trailed combine.

This will provide an opportunity to automatically harvest and care for plants.

Sales

Main sales channels:

1. The organization of a retail point of sale (the main advantage is the high cost, since the goods are sent to the final consumer). The cost of garlic today is 289-350 rubles per kilogram.
2. Wholesale sales - to dealers, large networks, for production (canneries, meat processing enterprises, pharmaceutical companies). You can arrange regular deliveries to catering establishments. Wholesale prices for garlic today are 110-225 rubles.

In connection with the current world situation, farming has gained some perspectives. Starting a business based on this is, of course, suitable mainly for people in rural areas, but city dwellers can invest in the agricultural sector simply by finding a person who is ready to grow plants or animals and pay for their work; in return will be a profit. And if you consider that some plants are engaged in a very small number of farmers, then you can enter the market segment where competition is minimal. Such a plant can be called garlic, they are not in a hurry to deal with vegetable growers, there are several reasons for this, the simplest is the expectation of low demand. Indeed, garlic is consumed in much smaller quantities than even a closely related onion, but its plant is also in high demand and is successfully implemented if you know the distribution channels.

Humanity grows for consumption the Állium satívum species, which designates well-known garlic. He is a close relative of another famous plant - onions. These two plants, many people do not eat because of the specific taste and smell, but still in the composition of many dishes and garlic, and onions are simply obligatory. While garlic is also often used as a seasoning. In this culture, they eat not only the bulbs themselves, but even the leaves and flower stalks, and many parts of the plant also have an antiseptic effect; thanks to this, garlic is often used in medicine. Therefore, if we do not limit ourselves only to searching for buyers in the market, then we can sell large volumes of our goods in a relatively short period of time.

If a businessman is just starting his own business, then you need to register a form of a business entity. In this case, the peasant-farm form is best suited, although if you register as an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity, it is quite possible to run your farm and even pay the same level of taxes as the peasant farms (for farmers, there is a single agricultural tax - UAT; and LLC - simplified taxation system, or USN, but the rate and there, and there is the same). The code of such activity is relatively accurately registered in the classifiers: (OKPD 2) 01.13.4 Root and tuber vegetables, vegetable bulbous crops. It is better to allocate up to 20 thousand rubles for registration in order to resolve all bureaucratic issues; it may take up to one month in time. If you wish, you can contact specialized companies that register new entrepreneurs, but they will require money, sometimes considerable ones.

When the legal issue is resolved, you can start searching for a site for sowing culture. Garlic does not require too much space; if you work on an area of ​​up to one hectare, then you can generally remain a simple citizen, not an entrepreneur, because such a farm will fall under the definition of a private farm - a personal subsidiary farm. For industrial cultivation of this crop can be enough about 5 hectares of land. The rental price is very different from region to region, and can range from 500 rubles (for the northern regions and barren soil) to 3,500 rubles (south-western lands with black-earth soil). The average price in central Russia is about 2,000 rubles per year per hectare. Thus, it will be necessary to allocate about 10 thousand rubles annually for five hectares.

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Investments from 600,000 rubles.

Already at this stage, it is important to determine what form of garlic will be grown: winter garlic loves sandy soils, but spring garlic loves light loamy soils. It has the advantages of growing both types of garlic. For example, winter garlic is more difficult to grow (because of the fact that it waits for winter, it has a better chance of dying), and it yields by the time the price of garlic on the market is minimal. But at the same time, the yield of such garlic is somewhat higher than that of spring. He, in turn, is beneficial in that it is harvested in time for winter, when the cost of garlic is highest. But it should be noted that with proper storage, garlic bulbs can be stored for a long time, which allows you to delay the sale time to the right moment.

The next step is to determine how exactly garlic will be grown. Depending on the variety, this plant can grow from seeds or from cloves. If you plant garlic cloves, the crop can be obtained within a year, that is, after the growing season of the plant. But in this case the plant will already be old, which means that subsequently the yield will only decrease. And this method leads to the fact that in the soil accumulate specific pathogens that harm garlic. This method is suitable if you need to get a harvest of garlic in one year.

Otherwise, it is better to use the sowing. The result will be young plants that are more resistant to external influences, which give a good harvest, and which need much less for planting. This method is chosen if it is planned to cultivate garlic for a long time, and in fact it is a perennial plant. However, experienced agronomists note that it is winter garlic that is best grown with this method; in the case of spring varieties cultivation of sevka is practiced. These are germinated seeds, which are a single-toothed bulb. They are planted in the same way as ordinary teeth, but in this case the plants are more resistant. The growth of garlic is the formation in the first year of the planting, after which a full-fledged plant is formed from it in the second year, a modified stem of which can already be called an onion. In the food is used such plants.

To start making profits from garlic on an industrial scale, thus, it is necessary to initially expect that garlic is rather a good addition to economic management, but making money only from it is rather difficult. In this regard, this crop is grown in multi-purpose farms, where it occupies a site for several years, and if not so actively, but still participates in crop rotation. Good forerunners for garlic can be called green manure crops, legumes, cabbage, and some pumpkin, except cucumber. It is better not to plant garlic after closely related plants, that is, of the Amaryllis family (the most common crop is onions), as well as carrots.

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Planting of garlic starts at different times depending on the region, but the more to the south, the later the sowing begins; and this concerns both spring and winter forms. Fertilizer garlic prefers organic, but still have to add inorganic. In case of increased acidity of the soil, it must first be subjected to liming. The soil should be moisturized, because garlic is a moisture-loving plant. Subsequently, the soil under garlic should not only be fertilized, but also moderately moist. Sevka or seeds themselves must be placed at a considerable depth in the soil, otherwise the plants may freeze; This concerns first of all winter garlic. Phosphorus and potassium are introduced into the soil immediately, but nitrogen must be added later, in the spring. The average cost of fertilizers is about 5 thousand rubles per hectare, that is, 25 thousand rubles will be needed to fertilize the entire field.

Garlic has a fairly large number of pests that can significantly reduce the yield of this plant. At the same time, garlic has both common diseases that are found in all members of the onion genus and is resistant to some of them. Not only growing plants are affected, but also harvested stems, this applies to bacterial rot, which is also found in onions. But the most dangerous disease is Fusarium, which in other years can destroy more than half of the entire crop. This fungal disease while not only harm the culture, but also dangerous to the health of animals and people. Of insects, garlic was chosen by the mites, with which farmers often struggle with special onion flies. Moreover, the definition of "onion flies" refers to several species of different families, so you need to study all the possible pests in your region in order to more effectively deal with parasites. They destroy insects with the help of pesticides and pesticides, while today there are modern drugs that can effectively deal with pests, but do not accumulate and destroy plants.

It is most difficult to determine whether the garlic has ripened and ready for harvesting. In the case of the so-called “arrow-breaking” variety, that is, having well-developing inflorescences with seeds, this is easily determined by the yellowing of the leaves. In this case, the plants are harvested, but not only the bulbs remain, but also the inflorescences themselves to obtain seed stock. It should also be noted that in many types of garlic, not only the onions themselves are eaten, but also the green parts, like onions, and in some cases the leaves that fry have nutritional and taste properties. But, of course, the most valuable thing in garlic is the onions; at the same time, they can be collected even somewhat earlier, because subsequently the modified stem will ripen at the place of storage. It is optimal to store the bulbs at a temperature of from -1 to 3 degrees Celsius, at this temperature the plants will not lose their presentation, if the premises were properly treated, the plants will not rot and experience the strong effects of pests. As noted above, garlic can be stored for up to several months, which makes it possible to sell it at the right time. But the most valuable, of course, is a fresh, only collected plant.

To properly care for the plant, you need to purchase the appropriate equipment. In any diversified farm, perhaps, there is already a universal technique to which a tractor with a plow and a trailer can be attributed. There are often already experienced farmers cultivator and mini tractor. But for the tractor, it is desirable to purchase a special planter for garlic, which is set up in such a way as to optimally make the seeds in the soil. The cost of such a device is about 100 thousand rubles. In addition, for large areas, a specialized combine for garlic harvesting is required. The cost of such equipment can reach 3 million rubles, and it makes sense either to rent this equipment or to lease such equipment. But such a combine will have a variety of functions that will allow the output to receive almost already sorted and selected garlic.

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That is the advantages of using such equipment, of course, there are, but if it was decided to purchase such expensive equipment, then you can think about buying a special line for processing garlic. Thanks to this, it will be possible to get a finished product, which will also be sold much more expensive. To ensure manual labor is best to contact the nearest village or village, where many hands are free. People will not require a lot of money as payment for their labor, and for the time of any hard work, you can attract outside force.

Now you need to decide on the cost of seed. Agronomists note that the use of sets or teeth is sometimes very unprofitable, as it is necessary to purchase a large amount of planting material. Rather, it will be a large mass of this material. It is more profitable to use seeds, which in the price slightly exceed sevka, but they (seeds) are required significantly less. Thus, teeth will require about one and a half tons per hectare, while only 20 kilograms of seeds will be enough for the same area. The yield per hectare is about 15 tons of the bulbs themselves. However, some varieties yield significantly more yield. The cost of seeds is an average of 150 rubles per kilogram, and no more than 15 thousand rubles will be required for sowing. With the cost of a kilogram of teeth at 70 rubles per kilogram, it will take 525 thousand rubles to provide themselves with future harvest. From this it becomes clear that sevki should be used only if you plan to get a very good harvest from them. If we take into account that 75 tons of harvest were harvested (from five available hectares), then at an average wholesale price of the same 70 rubles per kilogram you can get 5,250,000 rubles. Thus, the first harvest can even fully cover the cost of purchased equipment.

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You can sell garlic, in fact, a large number of enterprises. First of all, it is worth contacting those organizations that are engaged in processing or food products. As a spice and flavor enhancer, garlic is in demand in many food production plants. It is best to immediately start looking for future buyers, which will save time and money after the harvest is harvested. Garlic can be sold to dealers who take a large batch at a time and give a significant amount of money for one contract, but the price per kilogram will be very small. You can engage in wholesale sales with many partners, selling grown products at a price slightly higher, but in smaller batches. You can also join the cooperative, where it is easy to sell grown plants.

But the most profitable is to engage in retail sales, because the market price of one kilogram of garlic in the cold season can reach 200 rubles. But there is a risk of not selling anything at all or selling too little to recoup the costs. And, finally, if the products turned out to be very high-quality and have a good presentation, then you can do export sales. Russia is in fifth place in the cultivation of garlic, and in the world market products of this country are interesting to consumers. But it is best to combine different ways of selling garlic, selling as many lots as possible to dealers and selling garlic on the market on your own; this will reduce the risks of not selling anything and increase profits.

  Matthias Laudanum
22.11.2014 11:00:00

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