The biggest berry. Where she came from? Watermelon ordinary

It turns out that the huge striped berry also has its own holiday, and it is the Day of Watermelon that is celebrated today - August 17th!

South Africa is considered to be the birthplace of watermelon, and residents of the New World came up with a watermelon feast. Even 5,000 years ago, watermelons were grown in ancient Egypt, which was reflected in the inscriptions inside the Egyptian tombs. Most watermelons are grown in China, and the most extensive cultivated area of watermelons in Russia! The word watermelon, which is familiar to us, is of Turkish origin and literally translates as “donkey cucumber”!

In fact, watermelon is not a fruit at all, but a vegetable is a close relative of cucumbers and zucchini. The Kalahari desert is considered the birthplace of watermelon, where you can still find wild watermelons. In ancient China, watermelon was delivered in the 10th century on merchant ships, plying the Mediterranean Sea, and valued as a rare delicacy! Until now, there is even a custom to bring watermelon as a gift if you are invited to visit!

Watermelon was introduced to Russia in the 5-8th centuries during the times of brisk trade between Kievan Rus and India. Originally, the watermelon caught on in the Volga region, and by the 7th century it was already widely distributed and grown even in the central regions as a greenhouse crop. The first fruits were brought to Moscow from Astrakhan in 1560. Peter I more than once gave a gun salute in honor of this giant berry, which instantly took the most worthy place in the royal menu!

Watermelons are not only very tasty, but also healthy! 90 percent of watermelon consists of water, and the rest is fructose. It is full of vitamins, for example, A, B6 and C, as well as potassium and other trace elements. In terms of iron content, watermelons are second only to spinach! Watermelons have a diuretic and choleretic effect, prevent the formation of stones in gallbladder, promote the excretion of cholesterol. Watermelon - one of the leaders in the content of lycopene - a very strong antioxidant. Watermelons are useful for gout, arthritis, atherosclerosis, gastritis, Botkin's disease, diseases of the liver, gall bladder, hypertension, anemia, heart defects, nasal bleeding and obesity!

Watermelons are edible whole, you can eat dried sunflower seeds, and even crusts in the form of candied fruits, jam or pickled!

The selection of tasty and juicy watermelon is a rather complicated process. In order not to regret the wasted money, remember a few simple rules:

good watermelon - with clear stripes, evenly colored, without whitish spots, only a yellow flank is allowed;

always pay attention to the watermelon "tail"! The watermelon should have a dry stalk, if there is none at all - the watermelon is raw and green, because the fruit was not allowed to ripen on the melon;

the most sweet varieties of watermelons are the pale green "Spark" with black stones and dark emerald watermelons with brown stones. But elongated watermelons - fodder, unsweetened and watery;

A ripe watermelon cracks when squeezed and rings when you slam your palm on it.

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Round and square, giant and dwarf, red, yellow, orange and even black - it's all about watermelons! Want to find out what the word "watermelon" means, why is watermelon red, how to grow square watermelon and other interesting facts about these striped fruits? Then this article is for you!

1. Watermelon is 92% water. For comparison, the body of a jellyfish consists of water by about 95%, the body of a newborn baby - by 80%, and the body of an adult person - by 65-70%.

2. The flesh of watermelon contains 5.5-13% of easily digestible natural sugars. By the time of ripening, fructose and glucose prevail in it, and sucrose accumulates during storage of watermelon. Mature fruit is saturated with fructose, which does not cause insulin tension in the pancreas. Therefore, small doses of watermelon can be used with diabetes.

3. The red color of the pulp of the watermelon gives the carotenoid pigment lycopene. Its content in watermelon is more than in any other fresh fruits or vegetables. The red pigment lycopene is also found in large quantities and determines the color of tomatoes, guava, grapefruit. Lycopene is a strong natural antioxidant, it is able to prevent the development of cancer, helps with male infertility, slows down the aging process, reduces the risk of cancer in the human prostate, uterus and esophagus.

4. Russian name watermelon received from the Turkic word χarbuz / karpuz, which was borrowed from the Persian language. The word “Harbüza” (χarbūza, χarbuza) in Persian means “melon”, and the literal meaning of this word is “huge cucumber” or “donkey-sized cucumber”.

5. The homeland of watermelons is the Kalahari Desert in South Africa. There are still found wild watermelons of small size (with a tennis ball) and weighing about 200 grams. More than 4000 years ago, watermelons began to grow in ancient Egypt, as evidenced by images and seeds of watermelons found in Egyptian tombs. Interestingly, the Egyptians often put watermelons in the tombs of the pharaohs as a source of food in their afterlife existence. Later, watermelons began to cultivate in Persia (Iran), Arabia, India and other Asian countries with a dry and hot climate.

6. In Western Europe, watermelons were brought to the era of the Crusades about 700-900 years ago. In Russia, watermelons came from the eastern and southern countries by sea through Astrakhan. But to sow them, and not import them from other countries, began only in the middle of the 17th century. At that far time, watermelons did not eat fresh. While the watermelons were delivered to the tsar’s table from abroad for a long time, they lost their freshness and became unsuitable for fresh consumption. Therefore, watermelons ate only after a long soaking and boiling in sugar syrup with spices and pepper! Even when watermelons began to grow in Russia, they were not consumed fresh for a long time, but were served in palaces soaked in sugar syrup.

7. There is an interesting tradition in Vietnam. During the celebration of the Vietnamese New Year ("Tet") watermelons are always served on the table. It is believed that the red color of watermelon symbolizes good luck. And watermelon seeds are used as a snack.

8. In Ukraine, in the Kherson region (on the Dnipropetrovsk-Kherson highway) there is a monument to watermelon. Kherson watermelons have long been famous throughout Ukraine and beyond.

9. Is watermelon a berry, fruit or vegetable? There is a widespread belief that watermelon is the biggest berry of all known to science. In fact, the fruit of a watermelon is a multi-seeded juicy pumpkin (lat. Pepo, peponium). Morphologically (in structure) the pumpkin is similar to berry, but differs from it in a large number of seeds and in the structure of the pericarp (the fruit wall of the plant surrounding the seeds). Therefore, from the botanical point of view, calling the watermelon fruit a berry is not entirely correct. The watermelon ordinary (an armor. Citrúllus lanátus) is an annual herbaceous plant, a gourd culture of the Pumpkin family (Cucurbitaceae).

10. Today, there are more than 1,200 varieties of watermelons that are grown in 96 countries around the world. These are mainly countries with a warm climate.

11. Watermelons need a hot climate and a long period for ripening. They are planted after the earth warms up, and there is no longer any chance of frost. Watermelons are well grown in the steppe and Mediterranean climates with long hot and dry summers and mild short winters.

12. The global production of melons (watermelons, melons, pumpkins) is growing. China occupies the first place in the world in the production and sales of watermelons due to its vast agricultural land, cheap labor and diligence of the Chinese. Turkey ranks second with a margin of almost 17 times.

Top 10 countries where most watermelons are grown (according to 2007 data):

1. China - 63 million tons
2. Turkey - 3.8 million tons
3. Iran - 3.3 million tons
4. Brazil - 2 million tons
5. USA - 1.9 million tons
6. Egypt - 1.9 million tons
7. Russia - 1 million tons
8. Mexico - 1 million tons
9. Uzbekistan - 840 thousand tons
10. Republic of Korea - 741 thousand tons

13. Watermelon fruit in shape, size and color can vary greatly depending on the variety. Watermelons can be spherical, oval, flattened or cylindrical. The color of the watermelon rind varies from white and yellow to dark green with a pattern in the form of stripes, spots, and a grid. And the flesh is red, pink, crimson, but sometimes there are watermelons with yellow or even orange flesh.

14. Yellow watermelons appeared as a result of the crossing of wild yellow watermelon (which is impossible to eat) with the usual. Now watermelons with yellow flesh are grown in Spain and Thailand. In Spain they grow in the summer and turn out to be round. And in Thailand, they are grown in the winter and have an oval shape. In Thailand, yellow watermelons are particularly popular (especially among the Chinese, who buy them there) and are 2 times more expensive than usual, as it is believed that the yellow color symbolizes gold and wealth.

15. Experiments on the removal of yellow watermelons were carried out in Ukraine. Ukrainian breeders turned out to have a special hybrid “Kavbuz”, which inside is yellow, looks and tastes like a pumpkin, and its aroma resembles a watermelon. This variety is most suitable for cooking porridge.

16. And breeders brought a black watermelon! This unique watermelon belongs to the rare Densuke variety and is grown only on the island of Hokkaido in northern Japan. The harvest of black watermelons is usually up to 10,000 pieces per year. The main differences of the Densuke variety are smooth dark skin without the usual stripes for watermelon and taste, unlike other varieties of watermelons. Black watermelons have a strong crumbly flesh pink color, less seed and differ from ordinary watermelons in the degree of sweetness. The fruits of black watermelons are round and can reach a weight of 11 kilograms. In Japan, black watermelons are considered a luxury and are usually presented as a gift. Their average cost in the market and in the store is about $ 250! And in June 2008, one of the first grown copies of black watermelon weighing 8 kilograms was sold at auction for 650,000 Japanese yen ($ 6,300)! This watermelon, perhaps, can be called the most expensive watermelon ever sold in Japan, and all over the world.

17. Another Japanese invention is square watermelons. For the first time, cubic watermelons were bred about 30 years ago in Kagawa prefecture on the Japanese island of Shikoku. Then they appeared in the UAE, Brazil, the UK and other European countries. Ordinary round watermelons often roll, it is inconvenient to keep them in the refrigerator or transport them. Therefore, Japanese farmers have come up with a watermelon ovary in special glass boxes in the shape of a cube. In the process of growth, the fruits took the form of boxes, which, by the way, were the same size as the shelves of Japanese refrigerators. At the same time, the taste qualities of such watermelons are no different from ordinary ones. Everybody can grow a square watermelon in his country house. To do this, put the watermelon ovary in a transparent box (glass or plastic) when it reaches the size of a tennis ball. The box should have a size of at least 20x20x20 cm, a tight-fitting lid, good ventilation and slots for lashes. Similarly, you can grow watermelons pyramidal or cone-shaped, and not only watermelons, but also melons, pumpkins, zucchini, tomatoes, cucumbers. Square watermelons are more convenient in transportation and storage, they easily fit on the shelf of the refrigerator, take up less space and do not roll off the table. Their cultivation is more profitable from a financial point of view. In addition, they look original, so in Japan, these fruits are used for window dressing and interiors. Only stand square watermelons are much more expensive than usual - from 50 to 300 dollars, but they are in great demand.

18. The average weight of a watermelon ranges from 5 to 10 kg, although it happens less and more. And the biggest watermelon in the world was grown in the USA. American farmer Lloyd Bright from Arkansas in 2005 raised a watermelon variety Carolina Cross (Carolina Cross) weighing 122 kilograms (which is the average weight of two adults)! In the spring of 2006, this watermelon was listed in the Guinness Book of Records. And the largest watermelon grown in Europe weighed 61.4 kg. This watermelon variety “Russian size” was grown by farmer Igor Likhosenko from Temryuk district (Krasnodar region, Russia) in 2009. It was rumored that the fruit was grafted into a pumpkin, which has a more developed root system, and this provided watermelon with additional nutrition and growth.

19. However, besides huge watermelons, there are also dwarf watermelons. In South America, small watermelons are only 3-4 centimeters long, called Pepquinos. To taste, they resemble fresh cucumber and are often used in expensive restaurants for preparing various salads, sherbet or as an appetizer. They were discovered and brought to Europe in 1987 by the Dutch company Koppert Cress, which then began producing their seeds for sale. These mini watermelons recently started growing in the US and Asia, but they are already very popular.

20. People believe that watermelons are “boys” and “girls”, and that watermelons “girls” are supposedly sweeter and have less bones. In fact, this is a myth, especially considering that watermelon is a monoecious plant (that is, female and male flowers are on the same individual). Watermelon flowers are same-sex, that is, they have either stamens (male flowers) or pistils (female flowers). And since there are only stamens on the male flowers, the fruit does not form on them. In fact, all the fruits of watermelons are female, since the fruit is formed from the pistil of a flower.

21. Watermelon - low-calorie product. 100 grams of watermelon contains only 30-38 calories. In addition, watermelon is a healthy dietary product. There is even a so-called "watermelon diet" (or "watermelon starvation"), which helps to lose weight, cleanse the body of toxins and toxins and improve the functioning of the digestive system.

22. Nutritionists believe that in the absence of contraindications, an adult can consume 2-2.5 kg of fresh watermelons per day.

23. From watermelon you can make many tasty and healthy dishes: various salads, gazpacho, juice, sorbet, jam and candied watermelon rinds, watermelon honey, and even original ice for drinks. Watermelons canned, salted, pickled.

24. Of the pulp of watermelon make a special honey "nardek." It is prepared by evaporating the watermelon juice obtained from the pulp of ripe watermelons, to the thickness of honey. To get only 1 kg of watermelon honey, you need 16-17 kg of sweet watermelon pulp! Only diabetics nardek better not to eat, as it contains at least 60% sugar.

25. Masters of Asian carving often use watermelons to carve incredible sculptures and colors. Carving (from the English "carving" - "cutting out") is the art of cutting art on fruits and vegetables. Carving originated in China 2,000 years ago, and in 1364 such decorations began to be cut in Thailand. Until 1932, this art form was used only to decorate royal ceremonies. Now the art of carving on vegetables and fruits has been mastered in different countries of the world.

The weight of the watermelon can reach 15 kilograms and above ...

21.09.2012, 22:19

By edition

We all love juicy and sweet watermelons. And it is from a botanical point of view that they are considered the largest berries.

Wild watermelon weighs approximately 250 grams, and the culture can reach 15 kilograms or more. The color of the peel is traditionally green with stripes of all shades of this color. However, it can be bright yellow, and sometimes almost black. The color of the watermelon pulp is not always pink or red, but in some areas people are accustomed to yellow, orange and white colors.

The name of this fruit comes from the word "Harbüzi", which literally in Iranian means - a cucumber the size of a donkey - i.e. really big size.

Since ancient times, people in Africa have grown watermelon as a cultivated plant. And it was there that the sweet form of wild watermelon was discovered. Then watermelons began to appear in Asia Minor, Central Asia, in the Caucasus. And already in the 18th century, it was brought to Astrakhan, after which the largest berry was sold throughout the post-Soviet space. From century to century, his best grades were selected.

Watermelons belong to the pumpkin family, like pumpkins, cucumbers and melons. These are annual or perennial creeping grasses with dissected leaves. Ripe and juicy berry with a lot of seeds is the fruit of watermelon.

Currently, edible berries in the wild grow in southwest Africa. And in rainy years, large thickets of wild watermelons are formed. When the time comes for fruit to ripen, the stalks dry out. Rain flows or wind drive berries over long distances. On the way, watermelons or animals gnaw, or they break. Seeds are glued to the soil with sticky juice. Then the seeds germinate quickly. And in the Kalahari Desert for some areas wild watermelons are almost the only source of moisture.

But, and now watermelon is recommended in traditional medicine to cleanse the liver and kidneys, as well as to regulate various metabolic processes in the body. And its pulp is used as a diuretic, which is used in diseases of the heart and kidneys.

Watermelon also has its name in Latin - Citrullus lanatus(citrus - citrus tree; lana - wool). South Africa is home to watermelon, but Paraguay and Brazil also claim this role. In these countries you can find it in the wild. No one knows how or when a watermelon appeared on other continents, but already the ancient Egyptians knew this culture.

The harvest of watermelons is known from Egyptian hieroglyphs of almost 5,000 years ago. Watermelons were found to be often laid in the graves of the pharaohs as food for the afterlife.

In Egyptian myths claim that watermelon "sowed" Seth - the god of thunderstorms and deserts, personified the evil inclination. By the 10th century AD, watermelon was grown in China; at present, this country is the leading producer of this crop.

Moorish invaders were brought to Europe by a miracle berry by about the 13th century, and watermelon was recognized in England in 1615. Now watermelon is known in almost all countries. In total there are more than 1200 types of watermelon, they are grown in 96 countries of the world, but most of all this culture is common in Turkey, in China, in the countries of America, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.

Watermelon resembles a large pumpkin, oval, spherical or cylindrical, covered with dense bark, which is 4-15 mm thick. The bark of watermelon is dark green in color, but in some varieties it is found with yellow and white skin, a pattern may be present on the peel - in the form of stripes or large bright spots. The pulp of a ripe watermelon is sweet to the taste, usually red, but there are varieties with the pulp of yellow or white flowers. The weight of some fruits may exceed 20 kg.

Most often, watermelons are eaten fresh, but they can be pickled, pickled and candied. It makes a wonderful jam, confiture, and you can also use watermelon pulp as an ingredient in snacks or cocktails. Delicious marzipan leaves come out of watermelon peels. Thanks to the Internet, you can easily find a large number of various recipes for cooking watermelon dishes.

The season of watermelons has come, and therefore it's time to find out what benefits this berry will bring to the body?

Watermelon is 80% water. Also in watermelon per 100 g of proteins - 0.7 g., Fat - 0.2 g., Carbohydrates - 10.9g., Fiber - 0.5 g.
The caloric content of watermelon on average per 100g is only about 38 kcal.
It is known that watermelon perfectly cleanses the body and remove toxins.
In addition, it contains many vitamins and minerals. Therefore, watermelon will help you calm the nervous system, it is one of the most delicious ways to deal with stress.
More recently, scientists have proven that several watermelon slices per day improve mood and increase vitality. Watermelon produces arginine in the blood, which has such a positive psychotropic effect.

The end of summer is a belly feast for watermelon lovers. Mark Twain assured: taste the watermelon, and you will know what the angels eat.

The nutritional value of watermelons is a high content of soluble solids. - from 12 to 16%, soluble sugar - from 7 to 18%, cellulose and hemicelluloses - from 3 to 7%. Watermelons contain many vitamins, especially vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - from 30 to 60 mg%, carotene (provitamin A) - from 8 to 14 mg%. The pulp contains salts of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and other beneficial substances.

Now, thanks to a detailed study of the biology of heat-loving crops, the development of technology for their cultivation, the creation of cold-resistant varieties with a shorter growing season (early and medium early), almost anyone can grow a watermelon in central Russia, for example, in the Moscow region.

Agrotechnology

Watermelon is a very light and heat-loving culture. Seeds germinate at a temperature not lower than 17 ° C, the optimum temperature is 25–35 ° C. For growth they need 25–30 ° C during the day, 18 ° C at night.

Watermelon is drought-resistant and reacts negatively to the high relative humidity of the air, which contributes to the development of fungal diseases. The optimum air humidity is 60–70%. Watermelon makes high demands on the temperature of air and soil during the entire growing season. It is these factors that are decisive in central Russia. The key to success in the cultivation of this heat-loving crop is the right choice of variety and the provision of the necessary agricultural technology. For growing in central Russia, only early-ripe varieties of watermelon are suitable. There is no need to chase varieties with large fruits, they can realize their potential only in favorable conditions in the south.

In the middle lane, watermelon can be grown only through seedlings, and the future harvest depends on its quality. As for all pumpkin, the growing season of watermelon seedlings is short - 30–35 days. Seedlings are grown only in pots, so that there is no damage to the root system during planting. They use pots with a diameter of 10 cm, they can be grown in 2 plants. Before sowing, seeds can be soaked or germinated, which will shorten the period of emergence of seedlings. To obtain good friendly shoots, it is necessary to provide a fairly high temperature, approximately 27–30 ° C. The temperature regime for growing seedlings is 20–25 ° C in the daytime (depending on the weather, on cloudy days, the temperature is slightly reduced to prevent the plants from pulling out) and 18–20 ° C at night.

In a midland setting, watermelon can be grown only in a greenhouse or under temporary film cover. When grown in a film cover or a greenhouse, 2 plants can be planted in 1 well, further directing them in opposite directions. Before planting, it is advisable to add 1.5–2 kg of humus or compost to each well and water it well. warm water. In the resulting gruel planted seedlings, poured into the hole dry soil from the sides, so as not to form a crust. If the seedlings grew in peat pots, then it is planted with a pot. If in plastic - the plants are carefully removed from the pot, trying not to damage the clod. When planting seedlings in no case can not be deepened, on the contrary, the seedling should be 1-2 cm to protrude above the surface of the bed.

About a week later, after the soil dries, the plants are watered with warm water, combining it with nitrogen fertilizer fertilizer (20 g of ammonium nitrate per 10 l of water; 2 l of solution per well). Watered very carefully, trying not to moisten the subfloor knee of plants and leaves. It must be remembered that with the formation of 2, a maximum of 3 fruits the size of about a chicken egg, all other ovaries are removed, because the plant will not be able to form a larger number of fruits and they will not have time to mature. The film on shelters is not removed until about the middle - end of June (depending on weather conditions). By this time, the plants begin to bloom, and insect access is required for pollination.

Watermelon seeds are kept in the sun for 7–10 days, then soaked before they begin to peel and harden: 12 hours at 15–18 ° C, and so for 5–7 days. The seeds of watermelon are the most viable after 1-2 years of storage, after 3-4 they lose their sowing qualities. In open ground, early varieties of seeds are sown on May 3–10 to a depth of 4–6 cm.

In the middle lane, in Western Siberia, in the Far East, watermelons are grown through seedlings planted under film covers. Germinated seeds of watermelon seedlings are sown to a depth of 5-7 cm in pots 10? 10 cm with a nutrient mixture of rotted manure (humus) and sod soil in the ratio of 3: 1. The temperature is maintained: until germination of 25 ° C, then 4 days 18 ° C, then during the day 22 ° C, at night 18 ° C. After 5–6 days after emergence, shoots are fed with chicken manure (1:15) with the addition of 5 g of phosphate and 30 g of potash fertilizer per 10 liters of water. 25–30-day-old seedlings are planted in soil from ventilated lowland peat, sawdust and mullein in a ratio of 4: 3: 3 with the addition of three tablespoons of nitrophoska and one superphosphate or two buckets of manure with the addition of three tablespoons of nitrophoska and one superphosphate per 1 m 2 .

In the absence of insects, the watermelon is pollinated by hand at an air temperature of 18–25 ° C, plucking a male flower and applying anthers to the stigma of a female flower.

Watermelon fruit can accumulate a lot of nitrates. They are mainly contained in the crust and adjacent parts, but with excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers can also accumulate in the pulp. In the latter case, the clearly marked bright thin nutritious pulp threads acquire an unpleasant orange-yellow color.

Watermelon varieties for open ground

Southeast Rose - a large plant. The length of the main whip 2 m or more. The fruit is spherical and elongated spherical, weighing 2.5–3.6 kg. The surface is segmented or smooth, in some years it is prone to cracking, the background is light green, the pattern is wide green blurred bands almost covering the background. The bark of medium thickness (up to 1.5 cm), flexible. Carmin-red flesh, grainy, juicy, sweet.

From full shoots to the first collection takes 78–83 days. Stability is weak. With a powdery mildew and fusarial wilt, the variety is moderately and severely affected.

Stokes 647/649 - one of the earliest varieties. The plant is short cleft - the length of the main lash is 1–1.5 m. The fruit is small, weighing 1.4–2 kg. The surface is smooth, the background is dark green, the pattern is blurred dark green stripes, difficult to distinguish from the background. The flesh is orange-red, tender, juicy, medium sweetness.

Consumer ripeness of fruits comes before seed ripening - in 73–87 days.

Transportability and keeping quality are weak. The flesh during storage quickly becomes close.

Varieties are also zoned: early ripe - Volgar, Kamyzyaksky, Radiant, Nice, Early Winner, Salute, Whole Leaf, Yarilo, early The light.

The favorite of the farm of Pyatigorsk 286 - mid-early or early, depending on the zone variety. The deadline for sowing seeds is 3–10 May. Features of care: double penetration, watering, 5-6 loosening in rows. Middle-length - the length of the main lash is up to 2 m. The fruit is spherical, slightly flattened from the stem to the flowering end, weighing 3.4–4.5 kg. The surface is smooth, the background is dark green, the pattern is narrow black-green rarely stripes. The bark is thin (up to 1 cm), leathery. The flesh is intense pink or pink-red, tender, juicy, sweet. Seeds of medium size (up to 1.3 cm in length), smooth, cream, with a black rim and spout. From full germination to the first collection takes 75–90 days.

Transportability is average, poor keeping quality. The variety is affected by mildew and fusarium wilt.

Astrakhan - variety demanding to heat throughout the growing season. The plant is a lingual, medium power. The fruit is spherical, somewhat oblate from the stem to the flowering end, slightly segmented, sometimes tuberous, weighing 3.4–5.1 kg. The background is light green and green, the pattern is prickly dark colored stripes of medium width. The bark is thick - up to 2 cm, elastic, dense. The flesh is thick pink, coarse-grained, juicy, sweet. Large fruits sometimes form voids, but this does not affect the taste. Seeds are wide, brown, weighing up to 40 g from one fruit.

From full germination to the first collection takes 86–93 days. Productivity is high.

Transportability is good, keeping quality is average.

The variety is affected by fusarium wilt and powdery mildew in the middle, anthracnose - in a weak degree.

Melitopol 142 - a large plant. The length of the main whip is 3 m or more. The fruit is large, weighing 4.4–5.2 kg. The surface is slightly segmented, the background is green, the pattern is dark green prickly stripes of medium width. The bark is of medium thickness (1–1.5 cm), hard. The flesh is intense pink and raspberry, granular, very sweet, juicy, medium rough.

The seeds are broad, medium in size (1–1.3 cm long), smooth, red, without a pattern. From full shoots to the first collection takes 85-102 days.

Transportability is good. Fruits are stored after harvesting for 3-4 months.

The varieties are also zoned: mid-ripening - Bagaevsky, Murashka 747/749, Bykovsky, Dessert, Don Sweet, Krasnodar Favorite, Muravlevsky, Yubileiny; middle late Biryuchekutskaya 775; late maturity - Volzhsky, the Gift of Kholodov.

Watermelon varieties for protected ground

Spring - variety for winter greenhouses in the winter-spring turnover. Bee pollinated, the main whip is long, the average weaving. The fruit is elongate-spherical, weighing up to 2 kg. The surface is smooth without mesh; olive green background. The bark is thin and medium in thickness. The flesh is bright red, grainy, tender, sweet, juicy. Seeds are oval, medium size, dark brown, smooth.

103 days pass from germination to the first harvest.

A spider mite damages a grade below average.

The early ripe grade of watermelon is also cultivated. Stokes 647/648 and early The light.

Harvesting, storage

It is rather difficult to determine the ripeness of the fruits of the watermelon - you need to focus on the following signs: the bark pattern becomes clearer and brighter, the wax coating weakens, and the fruit makes a dull sound when tapped.

Especially well preserved Bykovsky, Krasnodar and other varieties with a thick crust. The watermelons, uninjured with a coop, are deposited. Affected fruits lose their taste and rot. The disease spreads to nearby lying healthy fruits.

The best conditions for storing watermelons are temperatures from 2 ° C to 5 ° C and relative air humidity of 80–85 percent.

When storing, you can apply shelving method. Racks are lined with various materials - dry straw, peat, sawdust, sand. Periodically watermelons overturn to avoid the formation of bedsores. The method of storage in grids and bags of various materials, which are hung on special racks under the ceiling, is widespread. Thus, they can persist until the New Year.

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Watermelon Is it possible to grow watermelon in the Northwest? It is possible, but only in the greenhouse. It is grown in the same way as cucumber. One or two plants should not be sown, as it may turn out that only male or only female flowers grow, and pollination does not take long.

From the book Garden. Work on the site in questions and answers author Osipov G. S.

Watermelon 216. Where did watermelon come from? Watermelon is the most ancient culture. He was known in Egypt more than 4 thousand years ago. The name "watermelon" is derived from the Persian word "Harbuzy", which means "huge cucumber". On the territory of modern Russia (in the Volga region) watermelon hit

From the book of 1000 most important questions and the most complete answers about the garden the author Kizima Galina Aleksandrovna

Watermelon 287. Is it possible to grow watermelon in the Northwest? It is possible, but only in the greenhouse. It is grown in the same way as cucumber. One or two plants should not be sown, as it may turn out that only male or only female flowers grow, and pollination does not take long.

From the book The generous garden, a fruitful garden, a bright flower garden: the most complete answers to the most important questions the author Kizima Galina Aleksandrovna

the author

Watermelon Watermelon was grown in India more than 3,000 years ago. In addition, he was well known in ancient Egypt, from where he came to Arabia, Palestine, Syria and Central Asia. In Russia, the first watermelons appeared in the Volga region, where they were brought from India, Persia and Central Asia, and in the North

From the book Golden Book of a rich harvest the author Samsonov Sergey Anatolyevich

Watermelon Watermelons are stored in the same way as melons. Only instead of boxes use shelving. Storage temperature of watermelons - 1-3 ° С, relative air humidity -

From the book Greenhouses and greenhouses. We build and grow author Kalyuzhny S.I.

Watermelon In a greenhouse, watermelons are grown in those climatic regions where it is impossible to do this in open ground due to lack of light and heat. It is important to remember that not every greenhouse is suitable for growing watermelons. The height of the cultivation room must be at least

From the book Healing berries the author Rucheva Oksana Ivanovna

From the book The Big Book of the Gardener and the Gardener. All the secrets of fertility the author Kizima Galina Aleksandrovna

Watermelon The homeland of watermelon is the Kalahari Desert in South Africa, hence the requirements for growing conditions: heat, good illumination, moderate nutrition, loose, breathable soil and moderate humidity of air and soil. We are suitable for growing watermelons

From the book Generous Greenhouses. Guide to growing indoors on the plot the author Kizima Galina Aleksandrovna

Watermelon The homeland of watermelon is the Kalahari Desert in South Africa, hence the requirements for growing conditions: heat, good illumination, moderate nutrition, loose breathable soil and moderate dryness of air and soil. We have a suitable climate for growing watermelons and

From the book The newest encyclopedia of the gardener and gardener the author Kizima Galina Aleksandrovna

From the book The Great Encyclopedia of the Summer Resident the author Vecherina Elena Yuryevna