Equal reactions that characterize the power of dissolved sulfuric acid. List of exam meals from disciplines

Blackening the surface of old paintings, written with olive farbs, to the warehouse of which lead white (PbCO3) enters, is connected with black lead (II) sulfide solutions through the presence of a circulating water in the atmosphere. If the water is stained with peroxide, then the reaction of the solution of lead (II) sulfate with a white color is observed:

PbS + 4H2O2 = PbSO4 + 4H2O.

In this way, they restore blackened old paintings, painted with olive farbs.

Zastosuvannya sour and sirki

The areas of stagnation of sourness are represented by the little one 61.

allow vicoristovuvati yogo for infection drinking water that spring of industrial waste waters; as a disinfectant zasib in medicine. Ozone is victorious and yak vidbіlyuyuchiy zasib.

Syrka vicorist for the production of sulfuric acid, the preparation of syrnikiv, bengal fires, the fight against shkidniks of the strong state, and to instill the exaltation of such ailments. Serka know zastosuvannya during the production of gum, barniki and pigments, piece fibers, luminophores and other.

Mal. 61. Kissing

For sour in the stools, which are among the smallest elements, the oxidation stage -2 is most characteristic, the atoms of sulfur, selenium and telurium show the oxidation stage -2, +2, +4 and +6.

Oxides of the power of sour and sulfur are manifested in their reactions with metals, water and other non-metals.

Inquiry and task

1. Fold formulas with acidity with potassium, calcium and aluminum. Indicate the stage of oxidation of the skin element and name the disease.

2. Razrahuyte mass fraction of sirka in aluminum sulfide.

3. The name "kysen" - oxygenium means "which generates acids". Write down chemical formulas bring you acids, to the warehouse of which to lay down the element. Name acids.

4. Do you know what kind of alotropic modifications of sour and sour? Why do they stink one by one?

5. Kisen, which is inhaled by a human being, rises from the hemoglobin of the blood. It seems that hemoglobin with a weight of 1 g comes with a volume (n.a.) of 1.35 cm3 3 . The amount of hemoglobin in the blood of healthy people is 140 g/dm3. The total volume of blood is 6 dm3. Razrahuyte khіmіchnu kіlkіst kіlіkіst sour, yоu mаzhe opinetytsya іn thе blood і people.

6. Designate the mass fraction of sirkovodnoy acid in the range, taken off in case of seperate sirvodnya volume (n.a.) 8.96 dm 3 in water with a mass of 500 g.

7. Expand the coefficients in the offensive schemes oxide-prominent reactions:

a) H2 S + Cl2 + H2 O → H2 SO4 + HCl; b) H2S + Br2 → S + HBr;

c) H2 S + O2 → S + H2 O.

At skin reaction indicate an oxidizing agent.

§ 39. Kisnevmisnі spoluki sirka

At z'ednannyah with sour sirka shows the stage of oxidation+4 and +6.

Sirka(IV) oxide. Sulfuric acid

Oxide (IV) - SO2 (syrchisty gas) - is a barrelless gas with a sharp characteristic odor, which comes out when the air is hot:

S + O2 = tSO2.

One of the most recent zastosuvans of the sirka was tied to the fumigation of the sirka of the life, which should burn. As the ancient historian Pliny Sr. wrote in the 1st century BC. e., "the smells of the hearth of the sirka can protect against all kinds of charms and drive away all evil spirits." Disinfectants and bactericidal powers of sulfur oxide (IV) are vicarious and contagious. The sulfur gas is stoked during the processing of vegetables, fruits and fruits in order to prevent their rotting.

Release of sulfuric gas near water (up to 40 volumes of SO2 per 1 volume of water) - non-staining, dual-base sulfuric acid as available only in retail:

SO2 + H2 O H2 SO3.

Sulphurous acid is a weak acid, in aqueous solutions it dissociates in stages often with solutions of hydrosulfite-and sulfite-ions:

			H+ + HSO – ,		– H+ + SO2–.

Sulphurous acid exhibits chemical dominance, sulphurous for acids: it interacts with basic oxides, bases, reacts with the exchange of salts of other acids, zocrema, viscous weak carbonic acid from salts:

Na2CO3+H2SO3=Na2SO3+H2O+CO2.

Sirka(VI) oxide

Oxide (VI) possesses, oxidizing oxide (IV) in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of about 500 C:

t, cat.

2SO + O −−−−−← 2SO .

2 2 ←−−−−−3

For the most remarkable minds, sulfur oxide (VI) SO3 is a barless acid, which at temperatures below 17 ° C transforms into white crystalline speech. Ce is a typical acid oxide, which interacts with water, making strong sulfuric acid:

SO3 + H2O = H2SO4.

Sirchanic acid

The graphical formula and model of the sulfuric acid molecule is pointed to the little 62.

Mal. 62. Graphic formula and model of the sulfuric acid molecule

At breeding circles sulfuric acidє strong electrolyte,

і її dissociation is expressed as follows:

H2 SO4 → 2Н+ + SO4 2– .

Physical power of sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid - vase (strength 1.83 g/cm3), oily, odourless, odorless. She will go to the water in some kind of water bottles.

The process of distributing H2 SO4 to a chemical quantity of 1 mol is accompanied by 92 kJ of heat, which can be compared with the magnitudes of thermal effects in chemical reactions. Seeing a great amount of warmth with the interaction of sulfuric acid with water is evidence of the establishment of mineral sprouts between two rivers of hydration type H2 SO4 n H2 O.

For example, H2 SO4 H2 O; H2SO4 2H2O; H2 SO4 3H2 O and so on.

no ї acids and hydrates allow viscosity її as a strong water-repellent agent, for example, for drying gases.

Sprinkling of sumishi with varying sulfuric acid in water can be accompanied by spraying. Remember what you can not pour water to sour

Lotі, slid with uninterrupted remixing, pour acid into the water.

Chemical power sulfuric acid. Sulfati

Sulfati. Dissolved sulfuric acid reveals all the characteristic features of dominance acids: interaction with metals, which should be active up to a day; with basic and amphoteric oxides, with bases and salts. Whose salts are settled: middle - sulfate, for example K 2 SO 4 i sour -

hydrosulfate, for example KНSO4.

The majority of sulphates and hydrosulphates are well distinguished by water, rich in them crystalline. Deyakі crystalline salts of sulfuric acid and are called vitriol: midny vitriol CuSO4 ∙5H2 O, flood vitriol FeSO4 ∙7H2 O and in.

For the acidic manifestation of sulfuric acid and її salts in water roses, barium salts are used:

Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 = BaSO4 ↓ + 2NaNO3;

Ba2+ + SO4 2– = BaSO4 ↓.

As a result of the reaction, a white precipitation of barium sulfate is established.

Laboratory certificate 6

Follow-up of the chemical powers of the diluted sulfuric acid

In the past, five test tubes should be placed: metal (zinc or other metal on the choice of the reader), basic oxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, barium chloride. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein to the amount of sodium hydroxide and change the dose. Add 1-2 cm3 of diluted sulfuric acid to the skin test tube. (Attention! If the reaction with the basic oxide proceeds correctly, speed up the overheating by half an alcohol bath.)

What are you guarding? What are the signs to tell about the overrun of chemical reactions? To store equal chemical reactions in molecular and ionic form. What kind of reaction did you carry out? To collect visnovok about the chemical power of the dissolved sulfuric acid.

Concentrated sulfuric acidє strong oxidizing agent, lower diluted. When interacting with concentrated sulfuric acid

water is not seen with metals.

W metals, which stand next to the activity after water (crim gold and platinum), the reaction proceeds with the dissolved oxide of sulfur (IV) SO 2 :

Cu + 2H2 SO4(conc) = t CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2 O.

In the reaction with metals, which are in the range of activity up to water, concentrated sulfuric acid can be reduced to sulfur oxide (IV) SO2, sulfur S or water H2 S is deposited in the activity of the metal and the mind during the reaction. For example:

4Zn + 5H2 SO4(kinets) = t 4ZnSO4 + H2 S+ 4H2 O.

Let's guess, it's cold, aluminum and other deacons, for the greatest minds, pass through concentrated sulfuric acid.

Sulfuric acid is concentrated in interaction with simple speech non-metals, for example with sulfur:

S + 2H2 SO4 = t 3SO2 + 2H2 O.

Oxidizing richly foldable organic sprouts, sulfuric acid burns paper, cloth, wood, clothes and shkir. Therefore, be careful with concentrated sulfuric acid.

Sulfuric acid is concentrated to remove other, volatile acids and their salts. For example:

NaCl (tv) + H2 SO4 (conc) = t NaНSO4 + HCl.

In the Republic of Belarus, Syrian acid is vibrated by BAT "Gomel Chemical Plant", BAT "Grodno Azot".

Areas of stagnation of sulfuric acid

The stinks present the little one 63.

Mal. 63. Stasis of sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid H2 SO4 is an odorless, oily, oily motherland.

Sulfuric acid is dissolved in interplay with metals, so that it can be active up to a day; with metal oxides; with the basics; from salts.

With the interaction of concentrated sulfuric acid with metals, water is not seen.

For the acidic manifestation of sulfuric acid and її salts in water roses, barium salts are used.

Inquiry and task

1. Write down the formulas for your oxides and cisnic acids. Indicate the degree of oxidation of the atoms of the sirka in them.

2. Vznachete masu s_rki, scho burned in the sour, yakshcho at the sire saw 29.69 kJ of heat. What is the chemical quantity of sulfur oxide (VI) settled with? The thermal effect of the reaction of the hot air becomes 296.9 kJ/mol.

3. Koristuyuchis table rozchinnosti salts, acids and bases in water, store 2 equal reactions diluted sulfuric acid with salts. Write a match

v molecular and ionic appearance.

4. Razrahuyte the mass and chemical quantity of barium sulfate, which is used when diluted with sulfuric acid on the basis of barium nitrate with mass 200 g, mass fraction of Ba (NO 3 )2 have a cost of 10%.

5. Copy from the text of the paragraph equal reactions, which characterize the chemical power of concentrated sulfuric acid. Designate the degree of oxidation of atoms in the sirka in її spolukah. The skin reaction shows an oxidizing agent.

6. Any volume of concentrated sulfuric acid (= 1.83 g/cm 3) with a mass fraction of H2 SO4 98% of the required distribution of mid mass 6.4 r?

7. Give the coefficients for the schemes of equalization of the onset oxidative-oxidative reactions:

a) HBr + H2SO4 → Br2 + SO2 + H2O; b) CaSO4 → CaO + SO2 + O2;

c) K2S + HClO → K2SO4 + HCl.

The skin reaction shows an oxidizing agent.

§ 40. Understanding about the output of a chemical reaction product

Chemіchnі vnyannya, folded according to the law of conservation of masses of speeches, allow to carry out rozrahunki, zokrema to count masu, to determine the chemical quantity of the product of the reaction. In practice, a lot of reactions are reversed, part of the speech is used as a result of evaporation, separation or adoption of by-products. To that product, the reaction should be less, lower, it would be less likely to happen until the reaction is even. In this way, if theoretically accepted as risk-free for the equal reaction of the mass, or the chemical quantity of the product is 100%, then in the real process the output of the product will be less than 100%.

It is indicated in the product of the reaction by the letter of the Greek alphabet (tsya) and appears in parts of the single chi vіdsotkah.

Excess chemical reaction to the product - the value that adds to the amount of weight (volume, chemical quantity) actually removed from the product to the weight (obsyagu, chemical quantity) of the product, calculated for the equal reaction:

In all of these variations, you will find the same value for the output of the product of the chemical reaction. For example, as usual, for the reaction of oxidation of sulfur oxide (IV) to oxide of sulfur (VI)

2SO2 + O2 2SO3

vihіd become 80% (or 0.8), tse means that with sulfur(IV) oxide wt. 64 g (volume 22.4 dm3, chemical quantity 1 mol) volume 22.4 dm3, chemical quantity 1 mol), and mass 80 g ∙ 0.8 = 64 g (volume 17.9 dm3, chemical quantity

From the magnitude of the output of the goods to the real process of production, rush to vysnovok about povnotі perevorennya syrovini, vitratah energії, the need to introduce additional operations and іn.

Let's take a look at a few examples of rozrahunkiv from the concept of "out of the product of the reaction."

butt 1. As a result of scalding of sirka with a mass of 48 g, sirka(IV) oxide was taken out with a volume (n.a.) of 28.6 dm3. Determine the expiration of the reaction product.


m(S) = 48 g	1. Significantly chemical quantity of sirka,
V practice (SO2) = 28.6 dm3	reacted:
		m(S)
(SO2)=?	n(S)
		M(S)	32 g/mol

2. Comparatively equal reaction with sulfur oxide (IV): S + O2 = SO2.

3. We know the theoretical quantity of sulfur oxide (IV):

1 mol S - 1 mol SO2;

1.5 mol S-1.5 mol SO2.

Understanding the product of a chemical reaction

4. We know the theoretical value of sulfur(IV) oxide:

V theor (SO2) \u003d n theor (SO2) V m \u003d 1.5 mol 22.4 mol / dm3 \u003d 33.6 dm3.

5. Razrahuymo out of the reaction product:

Vidpovіd: vyhіd to the drug reaction dorіvnyuє 85%.

Example 2. Choose the mass of pyrite FeS2, which is necessary for vipality in order to take the oxide (IV) with a volume (n.a.) of 8.96 dm3, so that the output of the reaction product becomes 90%.

V(SO2) = 8.96 dm3

1. Significantly theoretical value of sulfur(IV) oxide:

(SO2) = 90%

V practical

m (FeS2) =?

Stars V theory =

V theor

Vtheor (SO2) =

V practical (SO 2)

8.96 dm 3 | 9.56 dm3.

2. We know the theoretical chemical quantity of sulfur oxide (IV):

n theor(SO 2)

V theor(SO 2)

9.56 dm3

22.4 dm3/mol

3. Comparatively equal to the reaction of sulfur(IV) oxide and the chemical quantity of pyrite, which is necessary for vipal:

x mol 0.4 mol

4FeS2 + 11O2 = 8SO2 + 2Fe2 O3, 4 mol 8 mol

x = 0.2 mol.

3. Significantly masu pyrite, which is necessary to give vipal: m (FeS2) = 0.2 mol 120 g/mol = 24 g.

Indication: for the possession of sulfur oxide (IV), pyrite with a mass of 24 g is required.

Excess chemical reaction to the product - the value that increases the amount of weight (obsyagu, chemical quantity) actually removed from the product to the mass (obsyagu, chemical quantity) of the product, calculated for the equal reaction. Appears in parts of one and a few hundred.

Inquiry and task

1. Why should the practical outcome of the reaction product sound less, theoretically less than the cost of the equal reaction?

2. In the reaction of sirka with an aqueous chemical calculus of 1 mol, the sirkovodny was dissolved with a chemical calculus of 0.85 mol. Determine the expiration of the reaction product.

3. As a result, the interaction of barium chloride with a mass of 200 g from sulfuric acid precipitated barium sulfate with a mass of 100 g. Decompose the product of the reaction.

4. Determine the volume (n.a.) of that chemical quantity of sulfur(IV) oxide, which, having been dissolved when the sulfur was burned, with a weight of 64 g, which means that the product of the reaction is 75% more healthy.

5. Calculate the mass of burnt sirka, as well as omit sirka (IV) oxide, volume (n.a.) 89.6 dm3 3 to become 80% of the theoretically possible.

6. Apparently, scho exuded to the oxide of sulfur (VI), which was removed during the oxidation of oxide of the sulfur (IV),

more expensive 85%. Determine the mass, volume (n.a.) and the chemical quantity of sulfur(IV) oxide, which, having entered into the reaction, thus removing the sulfur(VI) oxide by volume (n.a.) 2.24 dm3.

7. Choose a mass fraction of salt from the difference, taken from the mixture with a mass of 3.2 g from sulfuric acid, the mass of 192 g, so that the yield of the reaction product becomes 85%.

§ 41. Nitrogen and phosphorus

Nitrogen N and phosphorus P are mixed in group VA of the periodic system. Mish'yak As, antimony Sb and bismuth Bi can be seen before the group of the periodic system. Nitrogen and phosphorus are non-metals, mish'yak and antimony are brought to napіvmetalіv, and vismuth lie to metals.

Budova atoms that stage of oxidation

The atoms of the elements of the VA group have 5 electrons on the outer energy level, the electronic configuration of their outer energy level ns 2 np 3 for example: nitrogen - 2s 2 2p 3 phosphorus - 3s 2 3p 3.




7N↓		15p↓

Manager.

Why is the viklikana such a change? On what dominion of dichromate is the living of chromium sumishi for mitt utensils based?
Pour 5-6 drops of potassium dichromate and 3 drops of sulfuric acid into a test tube. Add 2 drops of potassium iodide and dilute the test tube with 10 drops of water. Transfer with a pipette into another test tube a part of it and add a drop of starch. What has changed for starch? Why? Folding the OVR and zvnyati by the electronic-ionic method.
Significant characteristic of element 15 R. Dominance of allotropic modifications to phosphorus. Interaction of phosphorus with simple and folding speeches.

In pharmaceuticals, mercury oxide (II) is zastosovuetsya as a lower antiseptic zasib for preparation eye ointments, yak possess a diluted solution of sodium hydroxide on a commercial salt of mercury. All operations are carried out in dark.

Manager.

1. Write an appropriate reaction to mercury oxide (II). Explain why it is necessary to perform operations on the darkness?

3. Basic laws of chemistry.

Vikoristannya with zinc in medicine is based on yoga tart, antiseptic action. 0.25% zinc sulphate is vicorous for the preparation of ophthalmic drops together with 2% boric acid.

Manager.

Prepare 0.25% zinc sulfate solution in a volume of 100 ml (ρ = 1.02 g/ml).
Create a transformation

Zn→ZnCl 2 →ZnSO 4 →Zn(NO 3) 2 →Zn(OH) 2 →Na 2 →NaCl

Covalent link, appointment, you see, the mechanism of enlightenment, power. Valence. Oxidation stage.

· The pharmacist should control the viscosity of the saline preparation by the method of permanganatometry.

Manager.

1. Write a similar reaction and comparison using the electronic-ionic method.

2. Calculate the amount of 0.5% (ρ = 1.004 g/ml) amount of sodium hydroxide needed for the reaction with 0.1 M amount of chloride (III) amount of 20 ml.

3. Periodic law periodic system at light vchennya about the life of the atom.

· Zalіzo, vіdnovlene, scho stosovuєtsya vnutrіshno yak protianemіchne zasіb, maє but vilno vіd vіd domіshok sulfіdіv midi, vugіllya, silicic acid, mish'yaku.

Manager.

1. Request a way to secure the entrance to the house. Obguruntuvati vіdpovіd.

3. The main type of chemical bond. Nature will make a chemical connection.

· For the organism of permanganate є otrastami, їkh zneshkodzhennya spend z vokoristannyam 3% aqueous solution of H 2 Pro 2 acidified ocular acid.

Manager.

1. Write a similar response. Investigate the reaction by the electron-ion method

Oksidi, appointment, classification, nomenclature, authority and methods of possession.

· The analysis of speech in the preparation of saliva is carried out by the method of permanganatometry, based on the ability of Fe2+ to be oxidized to Fe3+. The lower part of the inhaled air is separated from sulfuric acid during heating and after cooling, titrated with 0.1 N of potassium permanganate.

Manager.

1. Write the equal reactions, which are the basis of the definition.

2. Prepare 200 ml of 0.1 N KMnO 4 (the equivalence factor depends on the reaction).

3. Acidity, denomination, classification, nomenclature, authority, methods of possession.

· Pharmacopoeia drug nitrate srіbla otrimuyut the coming rank: razchinyayut copper-silver alloy in the production of nitric acid, in order to purify the removal of nitrate from the house, osadzhuyut it with hydrochloric acid. The siege, which is viishov, is restored with zinc in the sour medium, and shriveled, zvilnene in the houses, re-sprayed in nitric acid.

Manager.

Write the rіvnyannya іdpovіdnyh reactions.
Vikonaty yakіsnі reactions to Cl-, Br-, J anion with a variety of nitrate srіbla, scho to lie in the basis of confirmation of the correctness of preparations of chlorides, iodides, potassium bromides.
Substantiate, appoint, classify, nomenclature, authority, methods of possession.

9. Nitrate srіbla zastosovuєtsya zvnіshno at erozіyah, vyrazkah, gostroma conjunctivitis in viglyadі 2.5 and 10% water supply.

Manager.

Prepare 2% AgNO 3 solution with a volume of 50 ml (ρ= 1.015 g/ml). What kind of minds are needed to take care of this rozchin?
Create a transformation

Ag→AgNO 3 →AgCl→ AgNO 3 →Ag

Salt, designation, classification, nomenclature, authority, methods of possession.

· The pharmacist should carry out the identification of the pharmacopoeial drug barium sulfate.

Manager.

1. What is the method of barium sulfate in medicine? Why is barium sulfate alloyed with sodium carbonate before the identification reactions? Vidpovіd confirmed by equal reactions.

2. Viconati reactions and identification of salts BaSO4, CaSO4, Na2SO4.

3. Complex spoluky, designation, budov for A. Werner, the nature of the chemical bond, classification, nomenclature, dissociation. Zastosuvannya complex spoluk in medicine and chemical analysis.

· A pharmacist, when working with a concentration of ammonia, having allowed a gross damage to the safety equipment - having carried out the work at the stained wardrobe without increased traction.

Manager.

What are the consequences that can be used when working with ammonia concentration without additional safety equipment? Yaku pershu medical aid is necessary to apply in case of poisoned vapors of ammonia.
Create such a transformation.

(NH 4) 3 PO 4 →NH 3 →NH 4 NO 2 →N 2 →NO→ NO 2 →HNO 3 →Hg(NO 3) 2 →NO 2

Write the equation of reactions for the molecular and ionic look, and for OVR - look by the electron balance method.

Chemical kinetics. The speed of the chemical reaction. The impact of various factors on the speed of chemical reactions.

· Zі spoluk nitrogen in medicine zastosovuyutsya ammonia in water, salt, ammonium, oxide dinitrogen and sodium nitrite.

Manager.

What is the method of victorious giving to nitrogen? Write the formulas of these speeches and equal reactions that characterize the main powers.
Write the equal reaction of sodium nitrate with potassium permanganate in the acid medium. Investigate the reaction by the method of nap_reactions
Non-reversible and werewolves chemical reactions. Chemical zealous. Mass law for equal systems. Equity constant. Le Chatelier's principle.

· The pharmacist should carry out the identification of salts of sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate.

Manager.

Vikonaty akіsnі reactions to ions SO 4 2-, Cl-, HCO 3-.
Razrahuvat, skіlki gram_v crystallohydrate Na 2 SO 4 10H 2 O it is necessary for the pharmacist to brew in water with a mass of 500 g, to take 5% of Na 2 SO 4 ?
Oxide-water reactions. The main provisions of the electronic theory of oxidation-promoting reactions. The most important oxidizers and guides. Zrivnyannya oxide-water reactions by the method of electronic balance and ion-electronic method.

Potassium strength of sulfuric acid appears to be rich in drugs alien to the body (xenobiotics) - medicinal preparations those metabolites with the solutions of some small speeches - conjugates, which are easily excreted from the body.

Manager.

Take away potassium strength of sulfuric acid in a different way, vicarious on the reactive table. Write the rіvnyannya іdpovіdnyh reactions.
Add up the molecular equalities of reactions that are expressed by such rapid ionic equalities:

S 2- + H 2 S → 2HS -

S 2- + 2H + → H 2 S

HS - + OH - → S 2– + H 2 O

· Dispersion systems, designation, classification. Suspensions, aerosols, emulsions. Selection of coarse-dispersed systems in medicine and pharmacy.

The pharmacist needs to take 5% sulfuric acid.

Manager.

What is the deposit of the oxidizing property of the anion SO 4 2 in the concentration of acid? Write the equation of reactions that characterize the power of the dissolved and concentrated acid.
Prepare 5% sulfuric acid solution by washing 50 ml of sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of H 2 SO 4 30%.
Koloidni razchini, classification, designation, molecular kinetic that optical power, otrimannya. The stability of the columns. Coagulation. Peptization. Budova mycel. Dialysis.

· Sirka, which enters the warehouse of amino acids, is oxidized in organisms. In the case of endogenous sulfuric acid, it takes part in the exogenous spores - phenol, cresol, and indole.

Manager.

Describe the power of sulfuric acid and override the rules of work with acids.
To dissolve, what volume of sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of H 2 SO 4 25% and a thickness of 1.18 g / ml must be taken for neutralization with potassium hydroxide, a volume of 50 ml, with a mass fraction of KOH 12% and a thickness of 1.1 g /ml
The true difference, designation, basic understanding, essence of the process of differentiation. Diffusion. Osmosis. Osmotic vise.

· In industrial areas, where there is a lot of vugillya, acidic woods often fall out.

Manager.

What are you by chemical warehouse acid dosch near tsikh areas? How do you make wine? Write equal reactions.
Fold the molecular and short-term ions equal to the hydrolysis of advancing salts:

K 2 S, Na 2 SO 4, Na 2 SO 3, Al 2 (SO 4) 3, Cr 2 S 3

Circumnavigation is settled in nature in great numbers for rahunok biochemical processes and vengeance in pro sirchanih mineral waters.

Manager.

The power of the day.
Create a transformation:

H 2 S → SO 2 → H 2 SO 3 → NaHSO 3 → Na 2 SO 3

Write the equation of reactions for the molecular and ionic look.

Dissociation of acids, bases, salts, water. Acid-base equal in rozchinah. Ionny dobutok water, pH-determining.

· Official medicinal preparation of a sirka є sirka, lined with (Sulfur praecipitafum).

Manager.

Describe the power of the free sirka and the alotropic modifications of the sirka.
Create a transformation:

Zrivnyati reactions by the method of electronic balance.

Hydrolysis. The essence of the hydrolysis process. Hydrolysis of different types of salts. Step hydrolysis. Influx of various factors on the stage of hydrolysis.

The pharmacist conducts the reaction of identification of 3% water peroxide solution: up to 1 ml of the final solution, add 1 ml of diluted sulfuric acid, 1 ml of ether and 0.5 ml of potassium dichromate, as a result, the ball of ether turns into a blue color in the presence of acid 6

Manager.

Vikonaty reaction іdentifіkatsії vodny peroxide.
Write an equal identification of water peroxide and balance by the electronic balance method.
The characteristic characteristic of the elements of the head subgroup of the VII group and of their half. Medical biological significance halogens.

· Kisen is a pharmaceutical preparation and descriptions in the GF. Yogo zastosovuyut for inhalation for various types of acid starvation.

20. Manager.

Write the equal reactions of the revealed houses CO, 2, NO, NO2.
Write the equal reactions, which are the basis of the laboratory method for removing acid. Reaction induction by the electron balance method
Chlorine, chlorine water, hydrochloric acid, chloride. Physical and chemical power of chlorine and yogo spoluk. Medico-biological significance of halogens.

· A pharmacist reviews the validity of drugs based on sodium chloride, sodium bromide and sodium iodide.

Manager.

For such purposes, vicorous salts are used in pharmacy and medicine.
Vikonaty akіsnі reactions to anioni Cl-, Br-, J-.
Physical and chemical power of sour chlorine. Otrimannya. Zastosuvannya.

· One of the industrial methods of extracting iodine for pharmaceutical purposes is the process of obtaining iodine from drilling waters. Iodide, which is near drilling waters, is oxidized according to the scheme:

NaJ + NaNO 2 + H 2 SO 4 → J 2 + Na 2 SO 4 + NO + H 2 O

22. Manager.

How to prepare iodine and how to be used in medicine.
Investigate the reaction that underlies the obsession with iodine by the method of reaction.
A critical characteristic of chalcogens. Powerfulness sour and yogo half. Medico-biological significance of sourness.

· The pharmacist determines the correctness of preparations of sodium, potassium and calcium chlorides.

Manager.

For such purposes, vicorists are used in pharmaceutical preparations.
Vikonati reactions _identification of these salts.
Half sour with water. Physical and chemical powers of the water. Water peroxide, dominance, congestion in medicine. Significance of water in the life of organisms.

· Zі spoluk halogenіv z sour less hypochlorite to become of interest for medicine as a disinfectant.

Manager.

On what power of hypochlorites is the disinfection day founded? Write the rіvnyannya іdpovіdnyh reactions.
Razrahuvati, skіlki gramіv chlorine bath must be taken for otrimannya 2 liters of active chlorine.
Sirka and її from the floor. Alotropia of the free sirka. Physical and chemical power of sirka, sirkovodnya, sirkovodnya acid and її salts.

· In case of insufficient acidity of the shell juice, internally diluted chlorohydric acid is prescribed.

Manager.

List the general rules for working with acids.
Razrahuvat, skіlki ml of 36.5% - a variety (ρ = 1.19g / ml) of hydrochloric acid and it is necessary to take for the preparation of 100 ml. 8.2% - oh (ρ=1.040 g/ml) acid.
Physical and chemical power of oxides of sulfur, sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid. Sulphite. Sulfati. Power, obsession, zastosuvannya.

· In pharmacy, one of the standard sizes is 33% potassium acetate, which is a way of distributing potassium carbonate in 30% - octic acid.

Manager.

1. Write the equation of the reaction for the molecular and ionic look.

Significant characteristic of the elements of the head subgroup of group V. The dominance of free nitrogen. The value of nitrogen in the life of organisms.

· Prescriptions of speeches, which are strong bases and weak acids. For the application of GFH as a stabilizer, 0.1 n of sodium hydroxide solution is added to 4 ml per 1 liter of product.

Manager.

Write the equation for the hydrolysis reaction of salt CH3COONa.
Razrahuvat, skilki grams of NaOH it is necessary to call in order to take 500ml 0.1n size. Prepare all the designs for the latest safety technology.
ammonia. Salt ammonium. power. Zastosuvannya in medicine and pharmacy.

· A pharmacist prepares an ointment for a prescription: 1 g of potassium carbonate and 0.5 g of sodium tetraborate are mixed in 70 ml of distilled water, 10 g of stearin is alloyed with 15 g of vaseline oil and added with a thin stream when mixed with warm water to carbonate. .

Manager.

What kind of speeches are settled in the aftermath of which zmishuvannya? Like the middle is settled and why? Vidpovіd confirmed by equal reactions.
Preparation of techno-chemical vag for robots. Take 1 g of potassium carbonate on techno-chemical sites.
Oxide nitrogen. Nitrous acid and її salts. Physical and chemical powers. Medico-biological significance of nitrogen

· It is necessary for a pharmacist to prepare 0.05% of potassium permanganate in a volume of 200 ml for rinsing an empty mouth and throat.

Manager.

On what authority is potassium permanganate rooted in yogo likuvalna diya? Yakі spoluky manganese zastosovuetsya in jubilant purposes?
It is necessary to add scaling grams of KMnO 4 to order 200 ml of 0.05% KMnO 4 (ρ= 0.9994 g/ml). Demonstrate the technique of preparing this design.
Budov molecules of nitric acid. Physical and chemical power of nitric acid and її salts. Medico-biological significance of nitrogen and її spoluk.

· In pharmaceuticals, mercury oxide (II), which is vicorous as an antiseptic zasib, is decoupled from sodium hydroxide on a commercial salt of mercury (II).

Manager.

1. Write an appropriate reaction to mercury oxide (II). Why do reactions need to be carried out in dwarfs?

3. Basic laws of chemistry.

K 2 Cr 2 O 7 + H 2 O 2 + H 2 SO 4 \u003d K 2 SO 4 + H 2 CrO 6 + H 2 O

Perchromic acid, which dissolves with cioma, H 2 CrO 6 is the blue color. Blue acid contamination confirms the effectiveness of H2O2 preparation.

Manager.

Zrivnyati tsyu reaction by an electronic-ionny method.
Yakі spoluky chromium show oxidative power, and yakі - vodnovlyuvalnі?
The dominance of phosphine, phosphorus oxides and phosphoric acids, their possession. Medico-biological significance of phosphorus

· Sumish magnesium oxide (85%) and magnesium peroxide (15%) - a drug known as "magnesium peroxide", which zastosovuyut in mucosal-intestinal disorders.

Manager.

Explain antacid and bactericidal drug. Vidpovіd confirmed by equal reactions.
Razrahuvat, skilki grams of MgO and MgO 2 you need to take to prepare 100 g of this drug. Call on techno-chemical teres 10 g of magnesium oxide.
The characteristic characteristic of the elements of the IV group of the main subgroup. Budova, Physical power alotropes in coal. Chemical power of the free coal.

· Decompose sodium bicarbonate (drinking soda) to zastosovat at the sight of rinsing, rinsing with flaming ailments of the eyes, mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

Manager.

On what power of sodium bicarbonate is it rooted in antiseptic action? Vidpovіd confirmed by equal reactions. Can you vicorate as an antiseptic zasib sodium tetraborate Na 2 B 4 O 7 ∙ 10H 2 Pro?
Prepare 5% NaHCO 3 in volume 50ml (=1.036g/ml).
Budov molecules, physical and chemical powers of the sour from the charcoal. Medico-biological significance of carbon and yoga.

В· Antacids preparations, which avenge sodium bicarbonate, vicarious in case of various illnesses, which are accompanied by increased acidity, tobto. acidosis.

Manager.

On what power of salt do antacid preparations run? Vidpovіd confirmed by equal reactions. Can other speeches be used for these purposes?
Create a transformation:

NaOH→NaHCO 3 →Na 2 CO 3 →NaCl→NaNO 3

Write the equation of reactions for the molecular and ionic look.

Viconati reactions Na 2 CO 3 →NaCl→NaNO 3.

Silicon and yogo half, knowledge of nature, otrimannya, physical and chemical power. Medico-biological significance of silicon.

· 2.5% NaCl solution is administered internally for flushing the drain when AgNO 3 is contaminated.

Manager.

1. What is NaCl based on? Vidpovіd confirmed by equal reactions.

3. The main characteristic of the elements of the main subgroup of the III group. Powerful forest and yogo spoluk. Medico-biological significance in medicine.

· For the development of rare medicinal forms, recognized for injection, vicarious isotonic varieties.

Manager.

1. What is an isotonic variety? Why is yoga called isotonic?

3. Aluminum and yoga from the floor, dominion, otrimannya. Medical and biological significance of aluminum.

· 3% aqueous solution of water peroxide zastosovuyut as an effective bactericidal zasib.

Manager.

1. What is the basis of bactericidal and blood spinal peroxide water. What foreign entries are necessary to be trimmed when working with perhydrol?

2. Razrahuvati, skilki ml. perhydrol (30% aqueous solution of H 2 Pro 2, ρ = 1.1 g / ml) must be taken for taking 500 ml of a 3% solution (ρ = 1.005 g / ml). To prepare tsey rozchin z dotrimannym tekhnіki bezpeka.

3. Metals of the head subgroup of the II group. Zagalna characteristic, otrimannya, physical and chemical power. Salts of calcium and magnesium. Hardness of water. Usunennia zhorstkostі water. Medico-biological significance of the elements in the main subgroup of the II group.

· Modern pharmaceutical industry produces medicinal preparations according to the aggregate camp, type of dispersed systems, method of introduction into the body.

Manager.

1. What systems are called dispersed?

How are dispersed systems classified?

Do look like dispersed systems dispense medicinal preparations? Provide specific examples.

Remove rosin hydrosol by replacing the retailer.
The characteristic characteristic of puddle metals, obsession, physical and chemical power. The most important parts of lunar metals. Medico-biological significance of puddle metals

· At the sight of water differences in various speeches, zastosovuyutsya rіdkі medicinal forms, which can be mutually mutual.

Manager.

Spravzhnі rozchini, rozchinnist, nasicheniya, nenascheniya, renasistheniya rozhchiny. What kind of clerks can lay hold of speeches?
Prepare 5% of CuSO 4 with a volume of 100 ml (ρ = 1.051 g / ml) with blue vitriol CuSO 4 ∙ 5H 2 O
The characteristic characteristic of d - elements. Metals of side subgroups of the 1st group and spoluk. Medical and biological significance.

· In Russia, there is an electro-processing of juice and low-juice fresh herb and wild syrovina: berries, fruits, root crops of vegetables, various organs of creatures with the method of seeing juices (internally mixed) in a native look. The internal space is a column of whites, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, tannins

Manager.

1. What kind of differences are called columnar patterns? How are stinks classified? Enumerate the powers of the columns. What process lies at the basis of seeing juices from dewy syrovina?

2. Take hydrosol hydroxide of saline (III) by the method of hydrolysis of FeCl 3. Write the scheme of mycelium.

Metals of secondary subgroups of the II group, general characteristics, budova, physical and chemical power. Medical and biological significance.

· When preparing tablets based on the extract of valerian root, it is not recommended to use vicoristate magnesium carbonate as the main booster, because it can cause neutralization of izovalerianic acid and ruynuvannya valtrativ - rechovina, even more sensitive to the infusion of meadows.

Manager.

1. Explain the manifestation of puddle power to magnesium carbonate. Write the equation of the reaction for the molecular and ionic look. What reminders can vicorist be used for the preparation of tablets with valerian extract?

2. Create a transformation:

MgO→MgCl 2 →MgSO 4 →Mg(OH) 2 →MgOHCl

Write the equation of reactions for the molecular and ionic look.

3. General characteristics of elements of VI, VII groups of side subgroups. Oxide-leading dominance of chromium, manganese and their parts. Medical and biological significance.

· The use of carbon dioxide vicorous gas in pharmaceutical production for the extraction of biologically active speeches from medicinal dewy syrovin.

Manager.

On what dominions in carbonic acid is sustenance of yoga in these purposes?
Create a transformation:

C→CH 4 →CO→CO 2 →BaCO 3 →Ba(HCO 3) 2 → BaCO 3 → CO 2

Write the ion exchange reactions in molecular and ionic form.

The characteristic characterization of the elements of the VIII group of the secondary subgroup. The dominion of the hall and the yogo spoluk. Medical and biological significance.

List of exam meals from disciplines

Basic concepts and laws of chemistry. Such a setting to the life of the atom.

Periodic law and periodic system D.I. Mendeliev at the light of life of the atom.

Appointment, see, understand, enlighten, the nature of the chemical bond.

Appointment, mechanism of enlightenment, power of the covalent bond. Valence. Oxidation stage.

Oksidi: appointment, classification, nomenclature, power and methods of possession.

Acids: designation, classification, nomenclature, power and methods of possession.

Substantiate: appointment, classification, nomenclature, power and methods of possession.

Salts: designation, classification, nomenclature, authority and methods of possession.

Complex spoluky: appointment, budova after Werner, tipi, nomenclature.

The speed of the chemical reaction. Officials, scho vplyvayut swidk_st chemical reaction.

Non-reversible and reversible chemical reactions. Chemical zealous. The principle of M. Chatelier. Equity constant.

Oxide-oxidizing reactions: the most important, the main concepts, the day of oxidation and renewal, the most important oxidizing agents and the leaders of the reaction.

Dispersion systems: designation, classification. Coarse systems: suspensions, aerosols, emulsions.

Koloidni razchiny: vyznachennya, dominion, obsession, budova mycel.

True differences: designation, basic understanding, essence of the process of differentiation. Diffusion. Osmosis. Osmotic vise.

The main provisions of the theory of electrical dissociation. The mechanism of electrical dissociation. Step that constant of dissociation.

Dissociation of acids, bases, salts. Dissociation of the pH difference.

The essence of hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of different types of salts. Step hydrolysis.

The characteristic characterization of the elements of the main subgroup of the VII group. Medico-biological significance of halogens

Chlorine, chlorine water and hydrochloric acid. Otrimanya, dominion. Chloride.

Kisnevі spoluki chlorine.

A critical characteristic of chalcogens. Kisen ta yogo halfway. Medico-biological significance of sourness.

Dominance is half acidic with water (water, water peroxide). Zastosuvannya H 2 Pro 2 in medicine. Lead value.

Sirka. Alotropia of the free sirka. Chemistry of power of the world. Circumnavigation. Serkovodny acid and її salts.

Physical and chemical power of sulfur oxides, sulfuric and sulfuric acids, sulfuric acid salts, sulfuric acids, their stagnation.

The characteristic feature of the elements of the main subgroup of group V. Nitrogen and power.

The dominance of ammonia and ammonium salts. Zastosuvannya in medicine and pharmacy.

Oxide nitrogen. Nitrous acid and її salts. Physical and chemical power, stosuvannya.

Physical and chemical power of nitric acid. don't spend. Medico-biological significance of nitrogen and її spoluk.

Characteristics of element 15 R. Vile phosphorus: alotropy, physical and chemical power, obsession.

Phosphine. Oxides of phosphorus and phosphoric acid: power, obsession. Medico-biological significance of phosphorus

The characteristic characteristic of the elements of the IV group of the main subgroup. Vuglets: Budova and physical dominance, alotropy vugletsyu, chemical dominance.

Kisnevі spoluky vugletsiu: Budova molecules, physical and chemical dominance. Medico-biological significance of the coal and yoga spoluk.

Silicon and yogo half: knowledge of nature, manhood, physical and chemical power. Medico-biological significance of silicon.

The main subgroup of the ІІІ group: the main characteristic of the elements. Boron and yoga from the side: otrimannya, physical and chemical power, zastosuvannya in medicine.

Aluminum and yoga backgrounds: obsession, physical and chemical power. Medical and biological significance of aluminum.

Metals of the head subgroup of the 2nd group: charismatic characteristics, obsession, physical and chemical power. Salts of calcium and magnesium. Hardness of water. Usunennia zhorstkostі water. Medico-biological significance of the elements in the main subgroup of the II group.

Luzhnі threw: charitable characteristic, obsession, dominion, the most important spoluchy. Medical and biological significance.

The characteristic characterization of d-elements. Metals of the secondary subgroup of the 1st group. Pojdnannya midi, sribla. Medical and biological significance.

Metals of the side subgroups of the II group: a critical characteristic of life, physical and chemical power. Medical and biological significance.

Side subgroups VI, VII of the group: the characteristic characteristic of the elements of the subgroup, the dominance of chromium, manganese and their half. Medical and biological significance.

A subgroup of the VIII group: a general characteristic of the elements of the subgroup, the power of the hall and the yogo spoluk. Medical and biological significance.

Tsіlі.Repeat the classification and power of nitrogen oxides, as well as the power of nitric acid in light theory of electrical dissociation (TED). Learn about the oxidizing power of nitric acid and the use of dilute and concentrated acid with metals. Give an understanding about the methods of removing nitric acid and those areas of stosuvanya.

Settlement. On the skin table in front of the students there is a lesson plan, a scheme for the interaction of nitric acid with metals, a set of reagents, and tests for fixing the twisted material.

Oxide nitrogen

Teacher.Guess and write the formula for nitrogen oxides. Yaki oksi are called saline, yaki - non-saline? Why?

Learn to independently write down the formulas of five oxides of nitrogen, name them, determine the nitrogen mist of kisnevy acids and establish the reactivity between oxides and acids. One of the students is written on dosh (table).

table

Setting of nitrogen oxides, acids and salts

Demonstration certificate:
interaction of nitrogen(IV) oxide with water

Teacher. At the vessel NO 2 add a little water and mix it up, then try to remove the stains with litmus.

What is guarded? Rozchin chervonіє through two acids that have settled.

2NO 2 + H 2 O \u003d HNO 2 + HNO 3.

Nitrogen oxidation step NO 2 good luck +4, then. it is intermediate between +3 and +5, yak in rozchini stiykish, that nitrogen(IV) oxide is given two acids - nitric nitrous.

Warehouse that Budova molecule

Teacher.Write down the molecular formula of nitric acid on the board, calculate the molecular weight and the degree of oxidation of the elements. Fold structural and electronic formulas.

Learn to create such formulas (Fig. 1).

Teacher.Apparently, up to these formulas, ten electrons are wrapped around nitrogen, but you can’t use it, because. nitrogen is found in another period, and as much as possible on the outer ball, in the new one, there may be less than the highest electrons. This superficiality is established, so let it be assumed that between the nitrogen atom and one atom, a covalent bond is established behind the donor-acceptor mechanism(Fig. 2).

Mal. 2. Electronic formula of nitric acid.
The electrons of the nitrogen atom are marked with black dots

The same structural formula of nitric acid can be represented as follows(Fig. 3) :

Mal. 3. Structural formula of nitric acid
(donor-acceptor connection of indications with an arrow)

However, by the last path it was brought that the underlying link is evenly divided between two atoms of acidity. The degree of oxidation to nitrogen in nitric acid is +5, and the valence (reveal respect) is more than half, more than half the high electronic wager.

Physical power of nitric acid

Teacher.Before you are bottles of diluted and concentrated nitric acid. Describe the physical powers that you can predict.

Learn to describe nitric acid as a source of importance for water, yellowish color, with a pungent odor. Roschin nitric acid without color and odorless.

Teacher. I will add that the boiling point of nitric acid is +83 ° C, the freezing point is -41 ° C, tobto. for the great minds of the motherland. A sharp smell and those that, when saved, won’t burn, are explained by the fact that the acid is concentrated, it is low-resistant and it’s light, or when it’s heated, it often expands.

Chemical power of acid

Teacher. Guess what kind of speeches to interact with acids?(Learn to name.)

Before you react, try to list the reactions and write down your warnings (reactions should be written down in the light of TED).

And now we are savage to the specific powers of nitric acid.

We have voiced that the acid, when saved, is now brought by the chemical reaction:

4HNO 3 \u003d 2H 2 O + 4NO 2 + O 2.

(Study independently record the electronic balance of the reaction.)

"Bury gas", which is seen(NO2) farbuy acid.

It is especially necessary to carry out acid by bringing it to metal. You know that they used to remove water from various acids, but when interacting with nitric acid, this is not removed.

Look at the diagram on your desk, which shows how gases are seen in the reaction of acids of various concentrations with metals.(Robot with a diagram.)

Demonstration certificate:
interaction of concentrated nitric acid with mead

Even more effective is the demonstration of the reaction of nitric acid (conc.) with midi powder or finely cut pieces of honey dart:

Learn to independently record the electronic balance of the reaction:

Possession of acid

Teacher. The lesson will be incomprehensible, as if we could not see the nutritional possession of nitric acid.

Laboratory method: diya concentrated sulfuric acid on nitrate (Fig. 5).

NaNO3+H2SO4=NaHSO4+HNO3.

In industry the acid is mainly obtained by the ammonia method.

Mal. 5. For the withdrawal of nitric acid in the laboratory dos
manually beaten up old chemical glassware - a retort

The method of containing acid with nitrogen and acid at a temperature of over 2000 ° C (electric arc) did not remove any special expansion.

In Russia, the history of the introduction of nitric acid is associated with the name of the chemist-technologist Ivan Ivanovich Andreev (1880–1919).

Vin y 1915 having created the first plant for the reduction of acid with ammonia and the implementation of the expansion method at the factory scale in 1917. The first factory of buv zbudovaniya near Donetsk.

This method includes a few steps.

1) Preparation of ammonia-powder sumish.

2) Oxidation of ammonia is sour again on a platinum sheet:

4NH 3 + 5O 2 \u003d 4NO + 6H 2 O.

3) Further oxidation to nitrogen(II) oxide to nitrogen(IV) oxide:

2NO + O2 = 2NO2.

4) Determination of nitrogen oxide (IV) in aqueous acid:

3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO.

As a distinction is made in the presence of sour, all nitric oxide (IV) is converted into nitric acid.

5) The final step in the removal of nitric acid is the purification of gases, like the atmosphere, and nitrogen oxides. Storage of gases: up to 98% nitrogen, 2-5% acid and 0.02-0.15% nitrogen oxides. (Nitrogen is used in the first place, taken for ammonia oxidation.) If nitrogen oxides in these gases are more than 0.02%, then catalytic upgrades to nitrogen are carried out on purpose, because such small amounts of these oxides lead to great environmental problems.

After all that has been said, the post is nutritional: do we need acid now?

Acid stagnation

Teacher.Nitric acid of vicorist is used for fermentation: nitric dobriv, and amino nitrate in the first line (how do you get it?); vibukhov speeches (why?); barvnikov; nitrativ, about yakі timetsya on the coming lesson.

Attached to the material

Frontal class experience

– Why is the oxidation rate of nitrogen in nitric acid +5, and the valency of chotiri?

- With what metals does nitric acid not enter the reaction?

- You need to know hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, there are three metals on the table - copper, aluminum and gold. How do you blame and why?

Test

Option 1

1. What series of numbers shows the difference between electrons for energy equals in nitrogen atoms?

1) 2, 8, 1; 2) 2, 8, 2; 3) 2, 4; 4) 2, 5.

2. Finish the equalization of practical reactions:

1) HNO 3 (rozb.) + Cu …;

2) Zn + HNO 3 (conc.) ...;

3) HNO 3 + MgCO 3 ...;

4) CuO + KNO 3 ... .

3. Tell me how to illustrate one of the stages of the process industrial production nitric acid.

1) 4NH 3 + 5O 2 = 4NO + 6H 2 O;

2) 5HNO 3 + 3P + 2H 2 O = 3H 3 PO 4 + 5NO;

3) N 2 + O 2 \u003d 2NO.

4. The negative oxidation state is manifested by nitrogen in the following:

1) N 2 O; 2) NO; 3) NO2; 4) Na 3 N.

5. Interactions of copper shavings with concentrated nitric acid to produce until quenched:

1) NO2; 2) NO; 3) No. 2; 4) NH3.

Option 2

1. The value of the highest valency for nitrogen is one:

1) 1; 2) 2; 3) 5; 4) 4.

2. You can write down the combination of concentrated nitric acid with offensive metals: sodium, aluminium, zinc, iron, chromium.

3. Choose speech, like syrovina for the extraction of nitric acid:

1) nitrogen and water;

2) ammonia, repeated water;

3) spend.

4. Concentrated nitric acid does not react with:

1) carbon dioxide;

2) hydrochloric acid;

3) coal;

4) barium hydroxide.

5. With the interaction of diluted acid with magnesium, it is established:

1) NO2; 2) NO; 3) N 2 O; 4) NH4NO3.

Vіdpovіdі on tests

Option 1.

1 – 4;

1) 8HNO 3 (rozb.) + 3Cu = 3Cu(NO 3) 2 + 2NO + 4H 2 O;
2) Zn + 4HNO 3 (conc.) = Zn (NO 3) 2 + 2NO 2 + 2H 2 O;
3) 2HNO 3 + MgCO 3 = Mg(NO 3) 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O;

3 – 1; 4 – 4; 5 – 1.

Option 2.

1 – 4;

Na + 2HNO 3 (conc.) = NaNO 3 + NO 2 + H 2 O,

Zn + 4HNO 3 (conc.) = Zn (NO 3) 2 + 2NO 2 + 2H 2 O;

3 – 2; 4 – 1; 5 – 4.

Tririvny Zalik turntable 11 class

Topic: " NEMETAL"

Lesson form: hall

Tsіl: review the acquired knowledge of the students on the topic: “Nemetals”; learn about high power non-metal that їх spoluk; continue to shape the skills of stosuvannya knowledge in non-standard and life situations, in victories of individual and differentiating tasks.

manager:

1. Verify the knowledge and consolidate the knowledge of the scientists about the non-throwers of those fields; accept the development of the mental thought logically and the freedom of the chemical mine; the transition from the formal - logical adoption of the material by those to figuratively logical thinking with additional versatility, feasible and non-standard tasks.

2. To develop the habits of caution, the manifestation of pardons, the cherishing of the day, the vminnya to see the smut, to vindicate the facts that are twisted, to logically express the thoughts and robiti of the visnovka; read rozіrkovuvati, robiti let down, predict.

3. Adopt the molding of the main light-seeing ideas through the educational activity and creativity of the self-reliance of the students.

4. Vikhovuvati vminnya pratsyuvati independently from zastosuvannyam self-that mutual control. Show zv'yazok by those who live for life. Vihovuvati scientific svetoglyad on the basis of vzaimozv'yazku authority and life.

Possessing that reactive: test tubes, alcohol lamps, test tubes, syrniki and other types: ;

;

;

.

Preparing to the hall.

The teacher prepares the task of three equal folds of the offensive species: test, theoretical nutrition, yakіsnі and rozrahunkovі zavdannya, zavdannya for the transformation of speeches.

The teacher prepares the students, how they revise the task.

For the 1st - 2nd of the month, an information sheet is posted at the office until the door.

The route sheet is visible to the skin. The blackness of the work at the stages is shown on the route sheets.

ROUTE SHEET.

F.I. learning

Naming the stage

The number of stages

order number

Signature of the reviewer

Rosrakhun's problem

Recognition

Reincarnation

Hid lesson.

Learn to enter the class with route sheets, 5 blank sheets, with a pen and go to the stage, designations for No. 1. Learn to rob the task for equal folding and vouch for the new letter chi us, at the stage of “recognition of speeches” pass the experiment.

On the skin stage, 7 - 8 quills are added, rechecked, put in the route sheet rіven, no.

The score is set as the arithmetic mean of all stages.

ADDITION

"Recognition of speeches"

1 rіven

1. Bring the presence of the ion

2. Bring the presence of the ion

3. Bring the presence of the ion

4. Bring the presence of the ion

5. Bring the presence of the ion

2 rіven

1. Recognize the difference for the help of one reagent:

2. Recognize the difference for the help of one reagent:

3. Recognize the difference for the help of one reagent:

4. Recognize the difference for the help of one reagent:

;

5. Recognize the difference for the help of one reagent:

3 rіven

1. Recognition without additive reagents:

2. Recognition without additive reagents:

3. Recognition without additive reagents:

4. Recognition without additive reagents:

5. Recognition without additive reagents:

Stage "Conversion of speeches"

1 rіven

1. Stop the reaction

2. End the reaction

3. Finish the reaction

4. Finish the reaction

5. Finish the reaction

2 rіven

Create a transformation:

3rіven

Create a transformation:

Stage "Test"

Option 1

a) O, b) S, c) Cl, d) C, e) Si.

a) , b) C , c) , G) e)

.

a)

, b) , v)

, G) e)

.

4. Electronic formula of the element. Yogo flying vodnev spoluk:

a)

, b)

, v)

, G)

.

5. The strength of hydrohalic acids grows in a row:

6. From the halogens, the speech was blocked in the fighting children:

a) fluorine; b) chlorine; c) iodine; d) bromine.

7. Broken sulfuric acid shows oxidizing power for the ratio of atoms:

a)

, b) , v) .

8. Nitrogen oxide V can be combined:

a)

, b)

, v)

, G)

e)

.

9. Reaction: bring such power to ammonia:

a) oxidizing, b) redundant, c) acidic, d) basic.

10. The strength of acids in a row

a) change, b) increase, c) gradually increase, then change; d) fall slowly, then grow, e) do not change.

Option 2

Atomic crystal grati mum simple speeches, approved:

a)

, b)

, v) , G) e)

.

2. Gases for normal drains є:

a) , b)

, v)

, G)

e) .

3. Alotropic modifications make up the following elements:

a)

, b) , v)

, G)

e) ,

4. Electronic formula of the element. Yogo flying vodnev spoluk:

a)

, b)

, v)

, G)

e)

.

5. The main power of summer waters changes in the series:

6. For potting chlorine, you can vicorate different concentrations:

a)

, b)

, v)

, G)

.

7. Concentrated sulfuric acid exhibits oxidizing power for the range of atoms:

a)

, b) , v) .

NOTE: 9-10 correct answers - "5"; 7-8-"4"; 5-6-"3"; less than 5-2

Stage "Theory"

I rіven (on "3")

Write the level of reactions that characterize the power of diluted sulfuric acid.

Write the reaction rate that characterizes the power of sulfur oxide (VI).

Write the equation of reactions that characterize the power of hydrochloric acid.

Write the equation of reactions that characterize the power of phosphorus (V) oxide.

Write equal reactions that characterize the power of ammonia.

II rіven (on "4")

Write down the formulas of the summer waters of non-metals in the II period. Explain how and why these acidic powers change.

Write down the formulas of the highest oxides of non-metals in the III period. Explain how and why these acidic powers change.

Write down the formulas of the most important acids of the elements in the III period. Explain how and why these acidic powers change.

Write down the formulas of the volatile waters of non-metals of the VI subgroup. Explain how and why these acidic powers change.

Write the formulas of the most important acids of the elements of the VA subgroup. Explain how and why these acidic powers change.

III rіven (on "5")

Balance the oxidizing and acidic power of sulfuric and nitric acids. Vidpovid confirm with equal reactions.

Balance the oxidizing and acidic power of sulfur oxide (IV) and carbon oxide (IV). Vidpovid confirm with equal reactions.

Balance the oxidizing and acidic power of water and fluorohydride. Vidpovid confirm with equal reactions.

Balance the oxidizing and acidic power of concentrated and diluted nitric acid. Vidpovid confirm with equal reactions.

Equalize the oxidizing and acidic power of carbon oxide (II) and carbon oxide (IV). Vidpovid confirm with equal reactions.

Stage "Rozrahun's task"

I rіven (on "3")

II rіven (on "4")

When interacting with 37 g of calcium hydroxide with ammonium sulfate, 15 g of ammonia was removed. Calculate the mass fraction of ammonia output.

When spalyuvanni in sour 62 g of phosphorus, 130 g of phosphorus (V) oxide was taken away. Calculate the mass fraction of the output of phosphorus (V) oxide.

How many grams of 10% sodium hydroxide do you need to neutralize 8.96 liters of chlorine water?

A few liters of carbon dioxide can be used to store 10 kg of vape, which will cover 20% of houses.

How many grams of the siege is settled for passing 11.2 liters of carbon dioxide through 900 g of 10% barium hydroxide?

III rіven (on "5")

What volume of 80% nitric acid (pl. 1.46 g/ml) is required for the "distribution" of 32 g midi?

How much mass midi will be needed for the reaction with overly concentrated nitric acid to take 4 liters (N.O.) of nitric oxide (IV), so that the volume fraction of yoga output becomes 96%?

When "varied" in the concentration of sulfuric acid in 20 g of gold alloy, 4.2 l (n.o.) of sulfur oxide (IV) was seen. Specify the mass fraction in % midi for this alloy.

Sumish gases of chlorine and water with a volume of 1 liter were passed through the distribution of potassium iodide. I have seen 5.08 r of iodine. Determine the volume fraction (%) of the chlorine gas in the exhaust sum.

Sumish silicon and vugillya with a mass of 10 g were processed with an overly concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. After the reaction, 5.6 liters of water (n.s.) was seen. Designate the mass fraction of silicon (%) for this sum.