There are no people near the chest cavity. Organs of the thoracic emptying: functions, features and characteristics. Final shape of the ribcage

The sternum (thorax) (Fig. 112) is inserted into the ribs of 12 pairs of ribs, sternum, cartilage and ligamentous apparatus for articulation with the sternum and 12 thoracic ridges. All these products form the breast tissue, which has its own peculiarities throughout the centuries. The chest is flattened from front to back and widened transversely. This particularity is infused with the vertical formation of people. As a result, the internal organs (heart, leg, thymus, hysteromatosis, etc.) it is important to apply pressure not to the sternum, but to the diaphragm. In addition, flesh is poured onto the shape of the chest, which creates a shoulder girdle that begins on the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the chest. The meat creates two meat loops, which put pressure on the chest wall from front to back.

112. The chest of a human being (view from the front).

1 - apertura thoracis superior;
2 - angulus infrasternalis;
3 - apertura thoracis inferior;
4 – arcus costalis;
5 - processus xiphoideus;
6 – corpus sterni;
7 – manubrium sterni.

113. Schematic representation of the shape of the chest of a person (A) and a creature (B), (according to Benninghoff).

In animals, the chest is compressed at the frontal plane and stretched at the anteroposterior direction (Fig. 113).

The first rib, the manubrium of the sternum and the first thoracic ridge are surrounded by the upper aperture of the thoracic set (apertura thoracis superior), which has a size of 5x10 cm. Between the lower aperture of the thoracic set (apertura thoracis inferior) fold the sword-like spine of the sternum, cartilage ova arc, XII. The size of the lower opening is significantly larger than the upper one - 13x20 cm. The circumference of the chest at the level of the VIII rib is 80 - 87 cm. Normally, the remaining size is not to blame for less than half the height of a person, which characterizes stage of physical development.

Through the upper aperture of the chest, the trachea, duct, great blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass. The lower aperture is closed by the diaphragm, through which pass the duct, aorta, inferior vein, thoracic duct, ducts of the autonomic nervous system and other vessels and nerves. The intercostal spaces, in addition to ligaments, are filled with intercostal meats, vessels and nerves.

As you inhale and see the size of the chest change.

It is possible to avoid the great dowry and the spiral-like ribs. The rear end of the rib is fixed to the ridge by two angles (the head of the rib with the body of the ridge, the hump of the rib with the transverse ridge), spread out on one knuckle and unbroken in relation one to one. Therefore, the rib is formed in both angles at the same time, and itself: wraps the back part of the rib along the axis that connects the angle of the head of the rib hump. Anatomically, these angles give the shape of the body, but functionally they come together and represent a cylindrical angle (Fig. 114). When the posterior end of the rib is wrapped, the anterior spiral part rises upward, extends backwards and forwards; For the rakhun of whose ribs the ribcage becomes stronger.

114. Scheme of rukhu ribs.
A – rotating the axes and wrapping the edges.
B - diagram of the wrapping of the I and IX ribs (behind V.P. Vorobyovym).

Century's features. In a newborn, the thoracic climax resembles the shape of the thoracic climax of animals, in which, apparently, the sagittal size takes precedence over the frontal one. In a newborn, the heads of the ribs and their anterior ends are practically equal. In a 7-armed child, the upper edge of the sternum resembles ranks II – III, and in an adult – III – IV thoracic ridges. This lowering is associated with the appearance of the chest type of the chest and the creation of a spiral-like shape of the ribs. In these episodes, when rickets disrupts mineral metabolism and the accumulation of salts in the breasts becomes blocked, the chest swells into a keel-shaped form - “chickened breasts”.

The inframammary cut of a newborn reaches 45°, across the river - 60°, at 5 rocks - 30°, at 15 rocks - 20°, in an adult - 15°. Only after 15 years are the susceptibility levels of the chest cavity determined. In humans, the chest is not only larger, but there is a greater steepening of the ribs in the area of the cut, then a less pronounced spiral-like twisting of the ribs. This peculiarity is also indicated by the shape of the chest and the nature of breathing. Due to the fact that in females, as a result of the pronounced spiral-like shape of the ribs, the anterior end is lower, the shape of the chest is more flat. Therefore, wives prefer the thoracic type of breathing in relation to men, since breathing is important due to the diaphragm constricted by the diaphragm (the cervical type of breathing).

It is noted that people of different statures have a dominant shape of the chest. In people of short stature with a voluminous chest, there is a wide or short chest with a wide lower opening. However, in tall people the chest tends to be flat and long-lasting.

In summer people, the elasticity of the costal cartilages significantly decreases, which changes the excursion of the ribs during breathing. In summer, the shape of the chest often changes. Thus, with emphysema, a barrel-shaped chest is often avoided.

Physicians have the right to put a significant influx on the shape of the chest. The stench does not weaken the muscles, but also increases the range of the muscles at the corners of the ribs, which leads to an increase in the volume of the chest and the vital capacity of the leg when inhaling.

The human musculoskeletal system consists of a combination of brushes and meats that connect them. The most important parts are the skull, chest, spinal column.

The brushes are formed by the pull of life. During the process of growth and development, the body is transformed and the whole bone is damaged. There is a change in both size and shape.

To find out which brushes form the breast tissue, it is necessary to know the secrets of all storage systems. Let's take a look at the musculoskeletal apparatus as a whole.

The human skeleton is made up of two hundred brushes, the number of which appears in kilograms: 10 for men and 7 for women. The shape of the skin parts is designed by nature so that stinks can perform their functions, of which there are many. Blood vessels that penetrate the brushes, delivering to them life-long speech and jelly. The nerves are terminated to produce their own reaction to the body's needs.

Structure of the human skeleton

This magnificent complex can be seen for a long time and clearly. I'm hanging out in ambushes. To make it easier to mount everyday people, the skeleton can be intelligently divided into 4 divisions:

Skull box;

Toulub frame;

Stovp ridge;

Upper and lower parts of the body.

And the basis for the entire system is the ridge. The dorsal spine of the creations of five veddels:

Sternum;

Across;

Križova region;

Functions and basics of the chest

The brushes represent the shape of the pyramid, contain and protect important vital organs from external mechanical influxes: the heart with blood vessels, leg with bronchi and tracheal organs, organs and number of lymph nodes.

This section of the skeleton consists of twelve spines, sternum and ribs. First and storage parts In order for the connection of the chest bones with the ridges to be reliable, the surface of the skin forms the subglobular costal fossa. This method of fastening allows you to achieve great value.

What kind of brushes create the breast tissue?

The sternum is the widest part of the bone, extended in front under the ribs. Look at the warehouse, you can see three parts:

lever;
body;
sword-shaped sprout.

The anatomical configuration of the human sternum changes over the years, depending on the shape of the body and the center of gravity. In addition, when this part of the skeleton is molded, the leg grows in volume. Transformation of the ribs from the eyelids makes it possible to increase the amplitude of the sternum and allow for better breathing. Correct development of the brain is very important for the normal functioning of the entire body.

The chest, a photo of which can be obtained from the statistics, has the shape of a cone and is deprived of up to three or four parts. The neck changes according to the development of the upper and lower zones of the sternum, moving towards the nape of the ribs. Up to twelve to thirteen rocks, it is completely formed.

Physical importance and landing flow into the chest bones of a person. Physical education will help in this regard in a broad and voluminous manner, and incorrect seating (there is more trouble placing schoolchildren at a desk or computer desk) will lead to the fact that the spine and all parts of the skeleton develop incorrectly.

This can lead to scoliosis, stooping, and in other important cases, problems with internal organs. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to have divine conversations with the child about the importance of the task.

Budova ribs

When talking about the brushes that build up the breast tissue, we can immediately guess the stench itself. The ribs are an important part of this bone. In medicine, all twelve pairs are divided into three groups:

right ribs - This is the first couple that is attached to the sternum by skeletal cartilage;
hibni ribs - now three pairs are attached not to the sternum, but to the intercostal cartilage;
floating ribs - The end two pairs do not have a connection with the central brush.

The smell has a flattened shape and porous structure. The rib has cartilage and bone parts. The rib is defined by three parts: the body of the rib, the head and the lobed surface. All ribs form the shape of a spiral-like scarf. The greater the curvature, the more wobbly the chest, which all falls under the age and condition of a person.

During the intrauterine development of a person, an anomaly is avoided in single stages that can lead to the appearance of an accessory rib in the cervical or transverse zone. Also, savants have a larger number of ribs than humans, which is explained by the horizontal position of their body.

Now that we understand what kind of tissues make up the chest, we can talk about what kind of tissues make up the stink. One way or another, they are distinguished not only by functions, but also by powers.

Kistkova textile

Vaughn designs a skull, ends and a tollub. It is important that it represents the shape of the body. It is divided into:

coarse fiber - and in the cob stages there is development;
plastic fabric - take your fate from the created skeleton.
cartilaginous tissue - It is composed of chondrocytes and tissues with high thickness, which contribute to the supporting function and storage of various parts of the skeleton.

There are two types of cells: osteoblasts and osteocytes. If you look at the composition of this tissue, you can figure out that 33% of it consists of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The portion that is lost falls on inorganic substances such as calcium, magnesium, fluoride and calcium carbonate and others. It is important to note that in our body there is citric acid, 90% of which is located in the cystic tissue itself.

Happy fabric

The bones of the chest are creased together and with the muscles of the skeleton behind the help of cartilage and tendon. All types of high quality fabrics. There are different types there. For example, shelter is also a rich cloth.

The table is so varied that it seems that everything in the body works just the same. Whether fabrics of this type perform different functions, it is important to create a stench in the fabric itself:

to rebuild human organs;
there are clothes and textiles;
transport sourness and carbon dioxide throughout the entire body;
nourish all types of tissues, protect organs from internal damage.

The function of the won is divided into:

the fluff is fibrous, unformed;
The thick fibrous structure is unformed;
thick fibrous structure.

The joint of the thoracic cysts is composed of fibrous tissue from the first group. It gives fluff the texture that accompanies the vessels and nerve endings. It promotes internal organs in the empty chest and abdomen.

The spine is the basis of the skeleton

The spine helps to trim the back and provides support for soft organs and tissues. The spine and chest are connected with an important function: it removes the morning emptiness from the required position.

Thirty-two to thirty-four ridges were formed, which would open for the passage of the spinal cord. This allows goodness to destroy the basis of our nervous system.

The intervertebral discs are composed of fibrous cartilage, which absorbs the fragility of the ridge. By being respectful until this point, you have the ability to die. This is why the building has a “spring”, so that blows, strokes when running and walking fade away, protecting the cystic cerebrum from the coward.

Very important functions

Since the musculoskeletal apparatus is composed largely of skeletal tissue, then, knowing its role in the body, we can say the same about the basis of the body and about the thoracic tissue. Also, functions:

It is important to know what our body is made up of and how it is formed, what role the other parts of the skeleton play, how to properly develop and grow it. This will help you overcome all kinds of illnesses and live a full life, playing sports and doing your favorite activities.

The human chest is the basis of the chest cavity. It is formed by the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs, which connect with the spinal column at the back.

The main function of the chest is to protect the middle of the organs - the heart, legs, trachea, duct, liver. In addition, the rib cage serves as a place for attaching the flesh of the upper ends and as a place for attaching the respiratory muscles.

What kind of brushes make up the chest?

The sternum contains 12 pairs of ribs. The sternum is not a pair of flat bones, which expands in the anterior wall of the chest, along the midline. The sternum is divided into three sections:

Lever;
Tilo;
Ensiform sprout.

The sternal bone forms the posterior and anterior surfaces. The front surface has a curved shape, while the back surface has a curved surface.

The upper edge of the sternum bears the jugular notch. On both sides of it there are key notches. The stench is typical for the creation of joints from the collarbones. The side surfaces of the sternum are marked by 7 costal ridges. This is a place that serves to attach the joints of the upper ribs, or more precisely their cartilaginous surfaces, to the sternum.

One of the pairs of visors is placed on the side surfaces of the handle (the first ribs are added), the other pair of ribs lies on the side surfaces between the handle and the body (other ribs are added). One pair of rib caps lie on the side surfaces between the handle and the sword-like appendage.

In what important life processes does the chest suffer?
The chest takes an immediate share in the physical activity. Rhythmic breathing sounds increase in size when you inhale and change when you see.

The xiphoid process, which lies at the lower part of the sternum, has a varied shape. The body and arms of the sternum converge one after another under a small mound that opens up behind. This illumination can be easily missed. This expansion anatomically resembles the junction of the other rib and sternum. The handle, body and sword-like structure are knitted together with cartilaginous tissue, which is replaced by bone tissue.

The shape of the human chest can be changed. The influx of physical rights onto it can create more volume. You will become wider in size. The shape of the chest can be affected and transferred to illness. A woman's chest is smaller than that of a human.

The story about the human chest would be incomplete if we did not describe the main storage area - the rib cage (ribs). Human ribs have 12 pairs of flat, symmetrical tusks. The skin of a pair of ribs is distinguished by its shape and size.

The rib is made of bone and cartilage. Kistkova part of the dovsha rib. There's cartilage in the front. These parts have grown very nicely among themselves. The costal bone at the place where the two parts are joined is transformed into the perichondrium. In a cystic, larger ribs, the ribs separate the head, neck and body.

With their posterior ends, the ribs are connected to the sternum. Such ribs are called active. 8,9,10 the rib with its cartilage is attached to the cartilaginous parts of the ribs, so that it lies deeper. Their significance is those that the stench does not stick to the sternum. For the price they took away the name of the hibni ribs. The 11th and 12th pair of ribs end at their distant ends completely in the fleshy structure of the abdomen and, as they are called, are involved.

Short version

CHEST KLITINAit is formed by the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs with superior thoracic ridges. The ribs are brushes, connected in pairs with the pectoral ridges (12 pairs). The cutaneous rib has a posterior, dorsal, cartilage part and an anterior, short, cartilaginous part (costal cartilage). These pairs of upper ribs are joined by cartilaginous parts to the sternum - the right ribs. The cartilages of 8-10 pairs of ribs are connected to the cartilage of the ribs, which lies deeper, softening the ribs. The 11th and 12th pairs of ribs have short cartilaginous parts that end in the flesh of the celiac wall - the ribs that ripple. At the femoral part, the ribs include the head, neck and body. The head of the rib is connected to the body of the spine. Behind the head, the posterior end of the rib is sounded, closing the neck of the rib, as it passes from the found section - the body. Between the neck and body there is a hump that serves to articulate with the transverse process of the thoracic ridge. The bodies of 2-12 pairs of ribs are curved forward, covering the inner and outer surfaces, the upper and lower edges. The rib bends straight ahead, creating a cut of the rib. Along its lower edge there is a groove of the ribs for the vessels and nerves. The 1st rib has the upper and lower surface, medial and lateral edges. On the upper surface of the expanded humps for attaching the anterior tissue. In front of the hump there is a sulcus of the subclavian vein, and behind it there is a sulcus of the subclavian artery.
The sternum (lat. sternum) is a flat brush, expanded at the frontal area. The von consists of 3 parts: the upper one – the handle of the sternum, the middle one – the body; the lower one is a sword-like shoot. On the upper edge of the handle of the sternum there are 3 grooves: in the middle - jugular, on the sides - paired clavicles (for articulation with the clavicles); Below the rest, on the side edge, there is a recess for the cartilage of 1-2 pairs of ribs - the ribs of the ribs. The body of the sternum along the edges has grooves for the cartilage of 3-7 pairs of ribs. The xiphoid process is significantly thinner than the body, the shape of its cut: to the bottom of the veins there are congestions, sometimes there is a through hole or bifurcation.
Connection of the chest cysts.
With their posterior ends, the ribs meet the thoracic ridges with the help of angles. The heads of the ribs are articulated with the bodies of the ridges, and the humps of the ribs are articulated with the transverse spines. The angles are combined, they tend to raise and lower the ribs. These pairs of upper ribs articulate with the sternum at their anterior ends. The first ribs are connected to the sternum by synchondroses, and the other 6 pairs are connected to the right sternocostal joints. These are the right ribs. The 5 pairs of ribs are called hip, VII, VIII, IX, X pairs of ribs are connected one to another by their cartilages - the lower ones with the recumbent ones, forming the costal arch. The anterior ends of the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs lie flat against soft tissues, they are called ribs that ripple.
Functions of the chest.1. Zahisna2. Take your fate from the act of dikhannya. When breathing, the ribs are raised and lowered by the intercostal flesh.
When the first rib is weakened, the air ventilation in the upper part of the chest is minimal, and ignition processes occur more often.
The chest is covered with twelve thoracic ridges, ribs and sternum. The upper aperture is surrounded behind by the 1st pectoral ridge, on the sides by the 1st rib, and in front by the manubrium of the sternum. The lower aperture of the chest is significantly wider. The cordon consists of the XII thoracic ridge, XII and XI ribs, costal arch and sword-like spine. The ribs of the arch and the sword-like shoot create the inframammary cut. The intercostal spaces are clearly visible, and in the middle of the chest, on both sides of the ridge, there are leg furrows. The posterior and lateral walls of the chest are significantly longer, the lower anterior. In a living person, the bone walls of the chest are supplemented with membranes: the lower aperture is closed by a diaphragm, and the intercostal spaces are covered with the same membranes. In the middle of the chest, at the chest empty, the heart is expanded, the legs, the thymus, the great vessels and the nerves.

The shape of the thoracic region is similar to the shape of the chest. In humans, it expands downward, is cone-like, and is of great size. The thorax of females is smaller in size, egg-like: elastic, wide in the middle and rounded down to the bottom. In newborns, the chest is heavily compressed at the sides and pulled forward.

Original

The rib cage is formed by the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs with subordinate pectoral ridges. Ribs (lat. Costae) - brushes, connected in pairs with the pectoral ridges (12 pairs). The cutaneous rib has a posterior, dorsal, cartilage part and an anterior, short, cartilaginous part (costal cartilage). These pairs of upper ribs are joined by cartilaginous parts to the sternum - the right ribs. The cartilages of 8-10 pairs of ribs are connected to the cartilage of the ribs, which lies deeper, softening the ribs. The 11th and 12th pairs of ribs have short cartilaginous parts that end in the flesh of the celiac wall - the ribs that ripple.
At the femoral part, the ribs include a head, neck and body. The head of the rib is connected to the body of the spine. Behind the head, the posterior end of the rib is sounded, closing the neck of the rib, as it passes from the found section - the body. Between the neck and body there is a hump that serves to articulate with the transverse process of the thoracic ridge.
The bodies of 2-12 pairs of ribs are curved forward, covering the inner and outer surfaces, the upper and lower edges. The rib bends straight ahead, creating a cut of the rib. Along the bottom edge there is a groove for ribs for vessels and nerves.
1 rib has the upper and lower surface, medial and lateral edges. On the upper surface of the expanded humps for attaching the anterior tissue. In front of the hump there is a sulcus of the subclavian vein, and behind it there is a sulcus of the subclavian artery.
The sternum (lat. sternum) is a flat brush, expanded at the frontal area. The von consists of 3 parts: the upper one – the handle of the sternum, the middle one – the body; the lower one is a sword-like shoot. On the upper edge of the handle of the sternum there are 3 grooves: in the middle - jugular, on the sides - paired clavicles (for articulation with the clavicles); Below the rest, on the side edge, there is a recess for the cartilage of 1-2 pairs of ribs - the ribs of the ribs. The body of the sternum along the edges has grooves for the cartilage of 3-7 pairs of ribs. The xiphoid process is significantly thinner than the body, the shape of its cut: to the bottom of the veins there are congestions, sometimes there is a through hole or bifurcation.
Connection of the chest cysts.
With their posterior ends, the ribs meet the thoracic ridges with the help of angles. The heads of the ribs are articulated with the bodies of the ridges, and the humps of the ribs are articulated with the transverse spines. The angles are combined, they tend to raise and lower the ribs. These pairs of upper ribs articulate with the sternum at their anterior ends. The first ribs are connected to the sternum by synchondroses, and the other 6 pairs are connected to the right sternocostal joints. These are the right ribs. The 5 pairs of ribs are called hip, VII, VIII, IX, X pairs of ribs are connected one to another by their cartilages - the lower ones with the recumbent ones, forming the costal arch. The anterior ends of the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs lie flat against soft tissues, they are called ribs that ripple.
Functions of the chest.
1. Zahisna
2. Take the fate of the act of dikhannya
When breathing, the ribs are raised and lowered by the intercostal flesh.
When the first rib is weakened, the air ventilation in the upper part of the chest is minimal, and ignition processes occur more often.
Thorax as a whole(compages thoracis, thorax) is made up of twelve thoracic ridges, ribs and sternum. The upper aperture is surrounded behind by the 1st pectoral ridge, on the sides by the 1st rib, and in front by the manubrium of the sternum. The lower aperture of the chest is significantly wider. The cordon consists of the XII thoracic ridge, XII and XI ribs, costal arch and sword-like spine. The ribs of the arch and the sword-like shoot create the inframammary cut. The intercostal spaces are clearly visible, and in the middle of the chest, on both sides of the ridge, there are leg furrows. The posterior and lateral walls of the chest are significantly longer, the lower anterior. In a living person, the bone walls of the chest are supplemented with membranes: the lower aperture is closed by a diaphragm, and the intercostal spaces are covered with the same membranes. In the middle of the chest, at the chest empty, the heart is expanded, the legs, the thymus, the great vessels and the nerves.

Humans are the most mysterious organism that exists on planet Earth. The skin of this organ is in charge of its work and constantly pumps blood throughout the body, the organs ensure breathing, the drainage system and the drainage system ensure the replenishment of reserves, and the brain processes all the information. Let's look at the function of the thoracic organs in the human body.

Empty chest

The sternum is the space in the body that is located in the middle. The sternum and pelvis strengthen the internal organs that are found in them, such as the skeleton and the flesh of the tube, allowing these organs to move smoothly in the middle. walls of the body. Organs that are found in the empty chest: heart, veins and nerves, trachea, bronchi and legs; The passage passes from the thoracic emptiness to the chelion through an opening in the diaphragm. The empty chelium contains a sclera and intestines, a liver, cervical organs, a spleen, an intestine, and nerves.

The photo shows where the empty chest organs are found. The heart, trachea, stravochid, thymus, great vessels and nerves spread out in the space between the legs - the so-called middle wall. A dome-shaped diaphragm, attached to the lower ribs, the back of the sternum and the transverse ridges, creates a barrier between the thoracic and abdominal organs of a person.

Heart

The most efficient meat of the human body is the heart or myocardium. The heart is measured, with a singing rhythm, without hesitation, it pumps approximately 7200 liters of blood every day. The different parts of the myocardium synchronously sag and relax with a frequency of approximately 70 times per hviln. With intense physical activity, the impact on the myocardium can grow three times. The short heartbeat is started automatically - by a natural pacemaker found in your sinoatrial node.

The myocardium works automatically and does not coordinate the flow. The creation of the neutrality of short fibers - cardiomyocytes, interconnected in a single system. This robot is coordinated by a system of conductive meat fibers from two nodes, one of which contains the center of rhythmic self-excitation - the pacemaker. It sets the rhythm quickly, which can change due to the influx of nerve and hormonal signals from other parts of the body. For example, with a great passion for the heart, there will be more blood in one hour, straight to the point of bleeding. As a matter of fact, approximately 250 million liters of blood are passed through the body in 70 years of life.

Trachea

Whole from the empty chest organs of a human being. This organ is intended for the passage of the road in the legion and the placements in front of the rover. The cob takes the trachea at the height of the sixth cervical ridge in front of the cartilage of the larynx and extends into the bronchi at the height of the first thoracic ridge.

The trachea is a tube with a length of 10-12 cm and a width of 2 cm, which consists of two dozen cartilages in the shape of a horseshoe. These cartilaginous rings are placed in front and side behind the help of ligaments. The space between the skin's subcutaneous ring is filled with rich tissue and smooth ulcer fibers. The stravohid is located behind the trachea. The middle surface of this organ is covered with a mucous membrane. The trachea, divided, forms the following organs of the human chest: the right and left head bronchi, which descend to the roots of the lungs.

Bronchial tree

Rotate the shape of a tree to place the head bronchi - the right and left, partial bronchi, zonal, segmental and subsegmental, tributary and terminal bronchioles, behind them the respiratory tracts of the legs grow. The structure of the bronchi extends throughout the entire bronchial tree. The right bronchus is wider and is located steeper to the bottom, the lower left bronchus. Above the left cephalic bronchus is the aortic arch, and below it and in front is the aorta, which is divided into two leg arteries.

Budova bronchi

The head bronchi diverge, creating 5 sections of the bronchi. There are 10 segmental bronchi running from them, each time changing in diameter. The smallest nodes of the bronchial tree are bronchioles with a diameter of less than 1 mm. When removing the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, do not apply cartilage tissue. Smells develop due to the absence of smooth fibers, and their lumen is deprived of moisture through the tension of elastic fibers.

The cephalic bronchi are expanded perpendicularly and straightened to the sides of the legs. In this case, the left bronchus is almost twice as long as the right one, the number of cartilaginous rings is 3-4 greater than the right bronchus, and the trachea becomes longer. The mucous membrane of these thoracic organs is similar in appearance to the mucous membrane of the trachea.

The bronchi are responsible for the passage from the trachea to the alveoli and back, as well as the cleansing of foreign bodies and their removal from the body. Often coughing comes out of the bronchi. And small particles of saw or bacteria that have penetrated into the respiratory organs of the chest cavity are excreted by the tissues of the epithelial cells, which push the bronchial secretion into the side of the trachea.

Lungs

The chest has empty organs, which everyone calls legenia. This is the main organ of the penis, which occupies most of the space of the chest. Separate for the growth of the right and left legion. The shape of the stench is suggested by cut cones, with their apex straight and their base bent towards the diaphragm.

The top of the leg is 3-4 cm above the first rib. The outer surface contacts the ribs. The leg has bronchi, leg artery, leg veins and nerves. The place of penetration of these organs is called the border of the leg. The right leg has greater width, but is shorter than the left. The left leg in the lower front part is located under the heart. For a lung, the quantity of good tissue matters. It has very high elasticity and helps the legs to move quickly, which is necessary for skin inhalation and vision.

Volume is legen

At rest, the volume of air that is inhaled and seen averages around 0.5 liters. The living capacity is limited, so that the volume at the greatest sight after the greatest inhalation is between 3.5 and 4.5 liters. For an adult person, the daily consumption rate is approximately 8 liters.

Aperture

The respiratory muscles rhythmically increase and change the size of the leg, changing the size of the chest cavity. The head of the robot in this case is the diaphragm. As it shortens, it changes and falls, increasing the size of the chest empty. Her pressure drops, her legs expand and retract. This is fused at the underside of the ribs by the outer intercostal meats. In case of deep or accelerated death, other parts of the body, including the chest and stomach, share the same fate.

The mucous membrane of these thoracic organs is composed of an epithelium, and that, in its own way, of a multiply. In the epithelium of the bronchial tree there are a lot of endocrine cells that control bleeding of the leg and support the tone of the bronchial tubes ial meats.

Considering everything that has been said, it is important to note that the human breast organs are the basis of their life. It is impossible to live without a heart or life, and the destruction of one’s work can lead to serious illness. After all, the human body is a thorough mechanism; it is only necessary to listen to its signals and not do harm, but to help mother nature in its healing and renewal.