Instead of those "The pelvis from the obstetric point of view. Physiology of the female reproductive system.":
1. The pelvis from the obstetric point of view. Empty small basin.
2. Dimensions of the area of ​​the wide part of the small pelvis. Dimensions of the area of ​​the thin part of the small pelvis.

4. Physiology of the female reproductive system. Menstrual cycle. menstruation.
5. Ovaries. Cyclic changes in the ovaries. Primordial, preantral, antral dominant follicle.
6. Ovulation. Zhovte telo. Female hormones that are synthesized in the ovaries (estradiol, progesterone, androgens).
7. Cyclic changes in the mucous membrane of the uterus (endometrium). Proliferation phase Secretion phase. Menstruation.
8. The role of the central nervous system in the regulation of menstruation. Neurohormones (luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)).
9. Tipi zvorotny zv'yazok. The role of the collateral system in the regulation of menstrual function.
10. Basal temperature. Zinitsa symptom. Karyopyknotic index.

This classic system of planes, in which the founders of Russian obstetrics, especially A.Ya. Krassovsky, took part, allows for correct orientation in the inserted anterior part of the fetus along the birth canal and turns that occur during this process.

Small 2.7. Female pelvis (sagittal view).
1 – anatomical conjugate;
2 - conjugate reference;
3 – direct size of the area of ​​the wide part of the empty basin;
4 – direct size of the area of ​​the narrow part of the empty pelvis;
5 - direct size of the pelvic outlet with the initial position of the cap;
6 - direct size to the pelvic outlet with the tailbone bent backwards;
7 - the entire pelvis is wired.

All direct dimensions of the surfaces of the small pelvis converge in the area of ​​the pubic articulation, and diverge in the area of ​​the cruris. The line that connects the middle of all straight dimensions of the pelvic surfaces is an arc curved in front and curved in the back. This line is called wired throughout the small pelvis. The passage of the fetus through the birth canal is indicated by a line (div. Fig. 2.7).

Small 2-11. Kut way pelvis.

Kut way pelvis- crossbar of the entrance area along the horizontal plane (Fig. 2.11); - when the woman is in a standing position, the position can vary from 45 to 55 °. There may be changes, if you ask the woman to lie on her back, pull the thigh tightly up to the stomach, or bring it up to the erection of the pubis, or, for example, increase it, if you place a pillow across the roller-like chest, so bring down to the visceral womb. Change kuta nahilennya tazu It can also be reached in the same way as the woman takes a supine or supine position.

We start again from the same exit position as in the first two tracks. The back of the body sits on the front of the feet.

Move your pelvis back, bending your lower back, but don’t forget that your body is moving forward. This will prevent you from arching your back excessively in a cross-section (lordosis).

Allow the pelvis to lean forward by the arch resting on the front part of the feet, and not by the arch resting on the front part of the feet. When you see it, you can earn some money.

Dosvid 37. “Pivnik”

This evidence allows you to apply force to the posture if the pelvis is brought back. The outer position is the same as at the front end.

Hang your right foot forward, move your body weight onto it and bend your knees. The left heel will break out of the surface of the lining.

Bend your body slightly forward and down, stretching your right arm and pushing your left arm back.

Slide your butt back and forth and move it onto the front of your right foot. You are now in an aggressive position, leaning forward.

Try vikonati those bazhans with your left leg hanging forward. Most people know that in this situation it is easier for them to win this truth, as they began to walk, scratching the first bruise with their left foot.

Did you feel tension in your right knee when your leg leaned forward? Which part of the back?

* Did you notice how it felt like aggression was intensified when you walked around? Bioenergetics has aggression - this is a positive move ahead of the blow to the snow!

Small 31. “Pivnik”

Dosvid 38. “Kachiny tail”

This is a more important evidence, the fragments of your victor will require forged ribs and pelvis. Start with the same position at the front lunge, and then bend your knees completely, without placing your feet under the supports.

Place the moisture on the front of the feet, without rubbing the heels against the surface of the pad.

Lean forward and push your butt back.

Push your butt left-handed or right-handed, without locking your legs or collapsing your body. The pain may evenly spread across the offending feet.

Small 32. “Kachiny tail”

Why did you feel like falling freely?

How did you place the body's moisture on the front of the feet?

How did they laugh at this practical conclusion?

ROBOT WITH HANDS AND SHOULDERS

The wiggle of the arms and shoulders is often caused by the use of expressive movements, such as shtovki, twisting of a towel, etc. These traces will be described later. If necessary, they can be turned on before special operation in the hall. The traces in this section are smaller, thinner ones.

If you needed to evaluate your posture and put your posture right away, how healthy would you appear? All people know what problems they have and understand how to deal with problems. What about you? What is your position? What kind of poses do you often take that seem awkward to you? If you have some problems in this area, then it’s better not to act, but to immediately identify what’s wrong with you, and, naturally, find ways to correct it. In this article you will find a description of six common awkward positions and rights that will help you achieve them.

Hunched shoulders

The problem with this position lies in the fact that the sternoclavicular tendons are in an unstable position, so the body vicorizes small breast tissues to support them. The same is true for the ligament with the thoracic spine and the pectoral bone. When working with postural muscles, other groups of muscles are formed, but only for a short period of an hour, after which the hunched posture turns. A person’s skin can tell how to correct his position, but only a few seconds after the report, the effect is already evident. Yak tse vipraviti? For this you need to master the simple right. Lie flat on your face, spread your arms out and bend your elbows at 90 degrees. After this, without changing the degree of bending of your arms, lift them upward, squeezing your shoulder blades at once. Stay in this position for five seconds, and then turn to the release position. Work today two or three times to lift 12 of these. Place pratsyuvati above the painted areas - that means pratsyuvati itself above the postural muscles.

Heads forward

The problem lies in the accumulation of tension in the back of the neck. To wake up, you need to lower your chin on your chest, stretching your neck, rub your head in this position for five seconds, and then turn around in the rest position. You have the right to do this ten times a day, otherwise you need to be careful. Do not press too hard on the neck so as not to damage the spine.

Nailed the pelvis forward

In this case, you have to support the pelvis with the cervix, so the two lower cross sections of the ridge are unstable. As a result, your body becomes tense in the transverse and respiratory areas. This can lead to loss of stability of the hip joints and unacceptable injuries. To avoid this, move it to the right. Get down on one knee, then lean forward, strain your sits until you feel tension in the anterior quilt.

Raise your shoulder

The problem here is that the flesh under the breasts, going from the ribs to the shoulder blades, is too weak. And most often the shoulder rises through those where the scapular muscle appears in spasm and does not come out for a long time. Of course, we need to fight against this. To do this, you need to sit up straight, lower your knees onto the seat with the straps, and keep your arms straight. Without using your hands, press on the seat, transferring your weight to them until your stitches rise from the seat. Exercise for five seconds. Do 2-3 sets of 12 repetitions daily.

The thumbs of no one are amazed in the middle

This problem is too complex to be discussed in one sentence. However, it is important to note that the development of this condition can be caused by weak sore muscles, deformation of the hands, arthritis, and much more. One of the right ways that we can help you requires that you lie down on one side, lift your knees, bring your heels together, after which you lift your knee, without twisting your heels one after the other. Qiu rightly needs to work on 2-3 approaches of 12 repetitions.

Stop names

As a matter of fact, this problem may be caused by a number of different factors. One of them may be that your braids, as well as your final muscles, are too weak. If this is the reason, then you need to use a piece of equipment like a gymnastic ball. Take a push-up position with your feet on the apparatus. Without rounding your back, push your knees up to your chest, straightening your feet so as to kick the ball towards you, and then turn in the same manner in the release position. Do 2-3 sets of 6-12 reps daily.

WOMEN'S PELVIS from the obstetric point of view.

The pelvis is made up of two pelvic bones, the krizhovaya and the coccygeal bones, which are connected through cartilaginous prostheses and ligaments.

The pelvic cyst is formed from three cysts: late, sciatic and pubic. The stench occurs in the area of ​​the acetabulum.

The ridge is made up of 5-6 tightly connected ridges, which merge into one ridge.

The coccygeal bone consists of 4-5 under-rotated ridges.

The pelvis at the upper part is open forward. The qiu part is called the majestic basin. Bottom part- the cystic osvita is closed - small pelvis. The cordon between the greater and lesser pelvis is a terminal (nameless) line: in front is the upper edge of the symphysis of the pubic cysts, on the sides there are arcuate lines of the pubic cysts, behind there is the kryzhov protrusion. The area between the great and small pelvis is the entrance to the small pelvis. The great pelvis is significantly wider than the small one, surrounded on the sides by the wings of the club pelvis, behind by the remaining transverse ridges, and in front by the lower lobe of the anterior cervical wall.

All women undergo a test of the great pelvis. There are interconnections between the sizes of the great and small pelvis. Seeing the great basin, we can learn about the dimensions of the small.

Normal dimensions of the female pelvis:

• distantia spinarum - extend between the anterior upper bones of the posterior bone - 25-26 cm;
• distantia cristarum - stand between the distant points of the ridges of the respiratory brushes - 28-29 cm;
• conjugata externa - (external conjugate) - extend from the middle of the upper edge of the symphysis to the upper edge of the Michaelis rhombus (conjugation is carried out with the woman lying on her side) - 20-21 cm.

Rhombus of Michaelis- this is the expansion of the burial in the krizhovaya area between the following: the hole under the spinous ridge of the fifth transverse ridge (suprakrizhovaya fossa), below - points that indicate the posterior guests of the club's tufts. The depth of a rhombus in the middle is 11 cm, and the diameter is 10 cm.

Diagonal conjugate- stand from the lower edge of the symphysis to the point of the misa of the crizoic cyst, which protrudes the most, as determined by vaginal examination. With normal dimensions, the pelvis should be 12.5-13 cm.

The size of the true conjugate (the direct size of the entrance to the small pelvis) is determined by extending 9 cm above the outer conjugate or extending 1.5-2 cm above the diagonal conjugate (due to to the Solovyov index).

Solovyov index - Column of the promenevo-carpal joint, divisions into 10. The index allows mothers to make statements about the thickness of a woman’s wrists. The thinner the brush (index = 1.4-1.6), the greater the capacity of the small pelvis. In these cases, 1.5 cm is raised from the diagonal conjugate and maintained until the true conjugate is reached. With the Solovyov index

I, 7-1.8 - take 2 cm.

Kut nahilu tazu - Set the distance between the flatness of the entrance to the small pelvis and the horizon to 55-60°. Cultivation at the other side can negatively affect the crossing of the canopies.

The height of the symphysis is normally 4 cm and is measured by the vulva during vaginal examination.
Pubic cut - with normal size, the pelvis reaches 90-100°.

Small pelvis - This is the part of the birth canal. The posterior wall of the small pelvis is composed of the crus and cupricus, the buttocks are formed by the ischium, the anterior wall is formed by the pubis and symphysis. A small basin goes like this: inlet, empty and out.

The empty can is divided into wide and narrow parts. The connection with tzim means chotiri of the surface of the small pelvis:

1 - area of ​​the entrance to the small pelvis.
2 - area of ​​the wide part of the empty can.
3 - the area of ​​the narrow part of the empty can.
4 - the area of ​​the outlet behind the basin.

The entrance to the pelvis passes through the upper inner edge of the pubic arch, the innominate line and the top of the pelvis. At the entrance square one can see the following dimensions:

1. Straight size - rise from the crimson protrusion to the point that protrudes most on the upper inner surface of the symphysis - either the obstetrician or the conjugate, which is more than 11 cm.
2. Transverse size - stand between the distant points of the arc-like lines, which becomes 13-13.5 cm.
3. Two obliques of size - from the club-crural junction on one side to the club-pubic hump on the proximal side of the pelvis. The stench becomes 12-12.5 div.

The width of the wide part of the empty pelvis passes through the middle of the inner surface of the pubic arch, from the sides through the middle of the trochanteric recesses and from behind - through the connection between the II and III krizhov ridges.

At the flatness of the wide part of the small pelvis you can see:

1. Straight size - from the middle of the inner surface of the pubic arch to the junction between the II and III cribriform ridges. The value is 12.5 div.
2. The transverse dimension runs between the middles of the trochanteric depressions. The value is 12.5 div.

The area of ​​the narrow part through the lower edge of the pubic junction, from the sides - through the sciatic ostyuks, from the back -
through the krizhovo-kuptsevy connection.

At the flatness of the narrow part, cut:

1. Straight size - from the lower edge of the symphysis to the crizococcygeal junction. Vіn dorovnyuє II, 5 cm.
2. The transverse dimension between the distant points of the inner surface of the seat frames. The height is 105 cm.

The exit surface of the small pelvis passes from the front through the lower edge of the symphysis, from the sides - through the tops of the sciatic humps, from the back - through the top of the cupric.

At the exit from the small pelvis you can see:

1. Straight size - from the top of the cupric to the lower edge of the symphysis. The height is 9.5 cm, and when the fetus passes through the pelvis it increases by 1.5-2 cm due to the apex of the cupric of the anterior part of the fetus.

2. Transverse dimension - between the distant points of the inner surfaces of the pubic humps; the height is 11 cm.

The line that connects the middle of the straight dimensions of all the surfaces of the pelvis is called the pelvic line, and takes the form of a line bent forward. Along this line itself, the passage of the wire point through the birth canal is expected.

The main functions of the female pelvis compared to the human pelvis:

• The brushes of the female pelvis are equally thin and smooth;
• The female pelvis is noticeably wider, lower and larger behind the body;
• The wings of the female pelvis are more flared, so the transverse dimensions of the female pelvis are larger than men;
• The entrance to the small pelvis of a woman has a transverse oval shape, and in men it has the shape of a card heart;
• The opening of the pelvis in women is larger and the emptyness of the pelvis does not sound as thin as in men;
• The pubic cut in women is obtuse (90-100°), and in men it is sharp (70-75°);
• The neck of the pelvis is larger in women (55-60°), lower in men (45°).

The main cause of back pain is muscle imbalance. Vikonanna has the right, without improving the constitutional tone of the muscles, the spine can be damaged. Troublesome muscle imbalance leads to deterioration of the intervertebral discs with the creation of protrusions and hernias.

For a figurative understanding of how the muscle imbalance flows onto the ridge, you can see how a car drives on wheels that are straight at the opposite sides. The tires of such a car will wear out quickly.

Unbalanced meats should be crushed behind your back. The result is muscle pain when one muscle or a group of pain is stronger than the group of pain can withstand.

For example, you spend the whole day working to weaken the abdominal muscles and the abdominal muscles, so you don’t eat most of the day. At the same time, the club crosses, heads and squares will lose tension to keep you in a vertical position. This imbalance can then cause severe pain across the muscles.

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He pulled his head and shoulders forward

This type of imbalance is characterized by a brittle head and forward displacement of the shoulder joints.

Moving the head by 2.5 cm moves the weight by 4.5 kg.

Pushing your head forward is the most common cause of headaches, both in the neck and in the shoulders.

Tensions:

Anterior portion of deltopodibny meat

Great and small chest

The largest m'yaz spini

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Weak meats:

Medium portion of trapezoid meat

Bottom portion of trapezoid meat

Podostna m'yaz

Small round m'yaz

Nailed the pelvis forward

The stress of staying in a sedentary position leads to a pelvic imbalance, which is called anterior pelvic tilt, which is typical for office workers, drivers and other people who spend many hours sedentary.

This type of injury is the most common cause of cross-sectional pain.

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Nahil pelvis back

In contrast to the anterior pelvic fracture, there is a posterior pelvic fracture, this type of disorder is the least common type of pelvic dysfunction and is most often seen in older patients

Spasmodic muscles:

Breast tissue

Upper part of the casing press

Sidnichnye pulps

Weak meats:

Rozginachi pectoral ridge

Zginachi stegna

Chotirigolovy stegna m'yaz

Spasmodic muscles:

Zginachi stegna

Chotirigolovі stegna meats

Weak meats:

M'yazi cherevnogo presu

Sidnichnye pulps

Measles of the posterior surface of the stitch

Twisting the pelvis is not the case if one half of the pelvis is considered more difficult. Often this band is associated with pain syndrome and cuts off the arms in case of severe pain.

Spasmodic muscles:

Square meat across

Pulses of the transverse ridge

Short stitches, what to bring.

Weak meats:

Sidnichnye pulps

Measles of the posterior surface of the stitch

Two actions to relieve back pain

You can give birth to one, two or three postural dysfunctions. Determining the type of dysfunction gives insight into what needs to be addressed in the imbalance of muscles.

1) determine which meats are weak and value them for the purpose of direct action; 2) determine which muscles are shortened and stretched with the help of the right doctor

Once the tense muscles have relaxed and the weak muscles have subsided, your body will rotate to a neutral position - which means there is no back pain.

This is the problem: you have to determine exactly what kind of muscle imbalance you have and make sure to do the correct stretches and right, otherwise you may end up trying too hard or stretching the wrong muscles and will not achieve results.

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